Autophagy In Peripheral Neuropathy

Author : Ayman Osman
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2017-10-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789176854723

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Autophagy in Peripheral Neuropathy by Ayman Osman Pdf

Peripheral neuropathy includes a wide range of diseases affecting millions around the world, and many of these diseases have unknown etiology. Peripheral neuropathy in diabetes represents a large proportion of peripheral neuropathies. Nerve damage can also be caused by trauma. Peripheral neuropathies are a significant clinical problem and efficient treatments are largely lacking. In the case of a transected nerve, different methods have been used to repair or reconstruct the nerve, including the use of nerve conduits, but functional recovery is usually poor. Autophagy, a cellular mechanism that recycles damaged proteins, is impaired in the brain in many neurodegenerative diseases affecting animals and humans. No research, however, has investigated the presence of autophagy in the human peripheral nervous system. In this study, I present the first structural evidence of autophagy in human peripheral nerves. I also show that the density of autophagy structures is higher in peripheral nerves of patients with chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) and inflammatory neuropathy than in controls. The density of these structures increases with the severity of the neuropathy. In animal model, using Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with diabetes resembling human type 2 diabetes, activation of autophagy by local administration of rapamycin incorporated in collagen conduits that were used for reconnection of the transected sciatic nerve led to an increase in autophagy proteins LC3 and a decrease in p62 suggesting that the autophagic flux was activated. In addition, immunoreactivity of neurofilaments, which are parts of the cytoskeleton of axons, was increased indicating increased axonal regeneration. I also show that many proteins involved in axonal regeneration and cell survival were up-regulated by rapamycin in the injured sciatic nerve of GK rats four weeks after injury. Taken together, these findings provide new knowledge about the involvement of autophagy in neuropathy and after peripheral nerve injury and reconstruction using collagen conduits.

Author : Lucy Carty
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1166814679

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The Role of Autophagy in Peripheral Nerve Injury by Lucy Carty Pdf

Author : George Davis Bittner,Jared Bushman,Jaimie Shores,Joseph Alderete,Dale Sengelaub
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2024-02-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832544785

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Restoring Functional Behaviors After Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injuries by George Davis Bittner,Jared Bushman,Jaimie Shores,Joseph Alderete,Dale Sengelaub Pdf

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) by trauma are the most common neuronal injury in civilian and military populations and significantly burden health care systems. Mammals (including humans) with PNIs experience: (1) immediate loss of sensory and motor functions mediated by the denervated target tissues; (2) rapid (3-7d) Wallerian Degeneration (WD) of severed distal axonal segments; and, (3) slow (~1mm/day) regeneration by naturally occurring axonal outgrowths from surviving, severed proximal stumps that produce poor (if any) functional recovery because of slow axonal regeneration for long distances and lack of axonal guidance. Denervated muscle fibers and sensory organs often atrophy before any re-innervation can occur.

Author : Guoku Hu,Huangui Xiong,Shilpa Buch
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 654 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2024-03-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780323997454

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HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders by Guoku Hu,Huangui Xiong,Shilpa Buch Pdf

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Manifestations is a comprehensive volume on the field of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) as well as its associated comorbidities. Covering clinical manifestations as well as molecular and cellular mechanisms, this book discusses available macaque and rodent animal models of HAND, epigenetic regulation, and signaling pathways underlying symptoms. Chapters also cover prevention and therapeutic strategies, as well as diagnosis and biomarkers associated with disease outcomes. This volume is appropriate for basic research and clinical investigators working in the area of HIV-1 infection. Provides an in-depth exploration of the clinical manifestations of HAND and its comorbidities Includes detailed assessments of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HAND symptoms Examines animal models for studying HAND, including macaque and rodent models Presents insights into epigenetic regulation and signaling pathways implicated in HAND Covers prevention, therapeutic strategies, and diagnostic approaches

Author : Milica S. Prostran,Francisco R. Nieto,Sonja Maksim Vuckovic
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889639472

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Mechanisms and New Targets for the Treatment of Chronic Pain by Milica S. Prostran,Francisco R. Nieto,Sonja Maksim Vuckovic Pdf

Acute pain has a physiological protective role in preventing tissue damage. However, pain can become chronic due to a multitude of pathophysiological states, such as: trauma, inflammation, neural injury, viral infection, cancer, autoimmune diseases and vascular and metabolic disorders. These pathological states can trigger alterations of the pain pathways that can lead to hypersensitivity, and in such circumstances, pain loses its protective role and instead, becomes persistent and debilitating affecting seriously to the quality of life of patients. Chronic pain is one of the most important health problems worldwide. It has been estimated that 10% of adults are diagnosed with chronic pain each year. However, despite the high prevalence of chronic pain, its management is still no fully satisfactory probably due to the variety of chronic pain conditions with different etiologies (neuropathic, visceral and musculoskeletal pain), and because their pathophysiological mechanisms are only partially known. Therefore, there is a huge need for new effective therapies for the control and/or prevention of the different types of chronic pain. Chronic pain is associated with plastic changes in pain circuits of the peripheral and central nervous system, including changes in the expression of ion channels, neurotransmitters and receptors. In addition, there is growing consensus on non-neuronal mechanisms that can amplify or resolve chronic pain, and cells traditionally thought to act just as coordinators of the inflammatory response (such as immune and glial cells) are now accepted as real modulators of pain signaling. In this regard, animal models of persistent pain, such as models of neuropathic and visceral pain and models of arthritis, are helping to elucidate our understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic pain and make it possible to test experimental treatments.

Author : Richard I. Morimoto,Yves Christen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642279287

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Protein Quality Control in Neurodegenerative Diseases by Richard I. Morimoto,Yves Christen Pdf

The health of the proteome depends upon protein quality control to regulate the proper synthesis, folding, translocation, and clearance of proteins. The cell is challenged constantly by environmental and physiological stress, aging, and the chronic expressions of disease associated misfolded proteins. Substantial evidence supports the hypothesis that the expression of damaged proteins initiates a cascade of molecular events that leads to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and other diseases of protein conformation.

Author : Giovanna Gambarotta,Kirsten Haastert-Talini,Esther Udina,Stefania Raimondo,James Phillips
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-12-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889632688

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Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by Giovanna Gambarotta,Kirsten Haastert-Talini,Esther Udina,Stefania Raimondo,James Phillips Pdf

Author : Sujit Kumar Bhutia
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811569302

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Autophagy in tumor and tumor microenvironment by Sujit Kumar Bhutia Pdf

This book deals with the paradoxical role of autophagy in tumor suppression and tumor promotion in cancer cells. Autophagy plays opposing, context-dependent roles in tumors; accordingly, strategies based on inhibiting or stimulating autophagy could offer as potential cancer therapies. The book elucidates the physiological role of autophagy in modulating cancer metastasis, which is the primary cause of cancer-associated mortality. Further, it reviews its role in the differentiation, development, and activation of multiple immune cells, and its potential applications in tumor immunotherapy. In addition, it examines the effect of epigenetic modifications of autophagy-associated genes in regulating tumor growth and therapeutic response and summarizes autophagy’s role in the development of resistance to a variety of anti-cancer drugs in cancer cells. In closing, it assesses autophagy as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for all oncologists and researchers who wish to understand the potential role of autophagy in tumor biology.

Author : Kai Wang,Chao Yang,Haiyong Wang,Bailong Tao,Shicheng Guo
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2024-03-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832546055

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Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy in Inflammatory Diseases by Kai Wang,Chao Yang,Haiyong Wang,Bailong Tao,Shicheng Guo Pdf

Epigenetics refers to changes in the expression of heritable genes or cellular phenotypes caused by regulating DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA expression, without altering the DNA sequence. It plays a critical role in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes, such as inflammation, immunity, and tumor. In particular, many epigenetic modifiers have been found to affect innate cell development, infection, and inflammatory responses by regulating gene-specific expression. Epigenetic abnormalities often result in changes in gene expression and its function, which in turn promote the process of inflammation and even tumorigenesis. Autophagy is a highly conserved subcellular degradation process by which some damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, nucleic acids, and pathogenic microorganisms are digested to maintain homeostasis. Autophagy dysregulation has been implicated in multiple diseases, including inflammation, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. It is not only a cytoplasmic event, but also involved in the regulation of nuclear components, including histone modifications, microRNA, and transcription factors. Methyltransferase-mediated histone modifications (H3K9me2, H3R17me2, and H3K27me3), miRNAs, and DNA methylation catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase are the key nuclear factors involved in the regulation of autophagy. In addition, some autophagy-related genes (Atgs) promote or inhibit the autophagic process through epigenetic modifications, such as histone modifications and DNA methylation, affecting the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases. Studying the role of epigenetic regulation of autophagy in inflammatory diseases may help identify novel drug targets and develop potential diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Although the biological and clinical significance of epigenetic modification of autophagy has attracted more and more attention from researchers, this regulation is very complex and its role and mechanism in inflammatory diseases are still unclear.

Author : Roberta A. Gottlieb
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2012-10-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780123851017

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Autophagy in Health and Disease by Roberta A. Gottlieb Pdf

Autophagy in Health and Disease offers an overview of the latest research in autophagy with a translational emphasis. This publication takes scientific research in autophagy a step further and offers integrated content with advancements in autophagy from cell biology and biochemical research to clinical treatments. A necessary reference for the bookshelf of medical and scientific researchers and students, Autophagy in Health and Disease presents high quality, reputable information on autophagy, allowing the reader quick access to the most applicable information. Discusses current understanding of the roles of autophagy in health and disease Covers the background of autophagy, the development of tools and therapeutics to measure and modulate autophagy, and autophagy in tissues and disease processes

Author : Yannick Bailly
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789535110620

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Autophagy - A Double-Edged Sword by Yannick Bailly Pdf

The chapters in this book review the latest advances in the molecular mechanisms of autophagy, highlighting some of the most challenging research topics. The focus is mainly on how this basic cell defense mechanism comes into play in various pathologies, including liver diseases, myopathies, infectious diseases, cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. In these diseases, the contradictory autophagy roles of cell survival versus cell death emphasize the necessity of taking into account this double-edged nature in future development of already promising, autophagy- modulating, therapies.

Author : Inmaculada Segura,Joaquim Egea
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2022-09-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889766369

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Molecular and Cellular Crosstalk on Neuronal Functionality and Regulation, From Development to Pathology by Inmaculada Segura,Joaquim Egea Pdf

Author : Zhenyu Yue,Charleen T. Chu
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : SCIENCE
ISBN : 9789814350440

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Autophagy of the Nervous System by Zhenyu Yue,Charleen T. Chu Pdf

What is autophagy? Why would neurons digest parts of themselves through autophagy? How can autophagy save the lives of cells under some conditions, but act as an accomplice to cell death in others? By what mechanisms are autophagy-related processes dysregulated in neurological diseases, and are there therapeutic strategies to correct or compensate for their dysfunction? This book provides an expert view of major concepts in autophagy research with a focus on autophagy in neurons. Experimental evidence for evolutionarily conserved and specialized regulatory mechanisms for autophagy in the mammalian nervous system will be presented, including recent data on braking mechanisms. Areas of intersection with cell death, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and the endocytic pathway will be reviewed, along with emerging areas of mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) and the autophagic regulation of neuritic/synaptic processes. Advances in delineating mechanisms by which autophagy is involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemia/hypoxia and lysosomal storage diseases, will be discussed along with current drug development strategies targeting autophagy.

Author : Xuesheng Liu,Zhiyi Zuo,Hongxing Zhang,Jiqian Zhang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2023-01-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832512609

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Interplay between pain and cognitive dysfunction by Xuesheng Liu,Zhiyi Zuo,Hongxing Zhang,Jiqian Zhang Pdf

Author : Zheng-Hong Qin
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 727 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811506024

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Autophagy: Biology and Diseases by Zheng-Hong Qin Pdf

This book series consists of 3 volumes covering the basic science (Volume 1), clinical science (Volume 2) and the technology and methodology (Volume 3) of autophagy. Volume 1 focuses on the biology of autophagy, including the signaling pathways, regulating processes and biological functions. Autophagy is a fundamental physiological process in eukaryotic cells. It not only regulates normal cellular homeostasis, and organ development and function, but also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of human diseases. Thanks to the rapid development of molecular biology and omic technologies, research on autophagy has boomed in recent decades, and more and more cellular and animal models and state-of the-art technologies are being used to shed light on the complexity of signaling networks involved in the autophagic process. Further, its involvement in biological functions and the pathogenesis of various diseases has attracted increased attention around the globe. Presenting cutting-edge knowledge, this book series is a useful reference resource for researchers and clinicians who are working on or interested in autophagy.