Biased

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Biased

Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD
Biased Book PDF

Author : Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2019-03-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780735224940

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Biased by Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD Pdf

"Poignant....important and illuminating."—The New York Times Book Review "Groundbreaking."—Bryan Stevenson, New York Times bestselling author of Just Mercy From one of the world’s leading experts on unconscious racial bias come stories, science, and strategies to address one of the central controversies of our time How do we talk about bias? How do we address racial disparities and inequities? What role do our institutions play in creating, maintaining, and magnifying those inequities? What role do we play? With a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt offers us the language and courage we need to face one of the biggest and most troubling issues of our time. She exposes racial bias at all levels of society—in our neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and criminal justice system. Yet she also offers us tools to address it. Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving.

Biased Sampling, Over-identified Parameter Problems and Beyond

Jing Qin
Biased Sampling Over identified Parameter Problems and Beyond Book PDF

Author : Jing Qin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2017-06-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811048562

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Biased Sampling, Over-identified Parameter Problems and Beyond by Jing Qin Pdf

This book is devoted to biased sampling problems (also called choice-based sampling in Econometrics parlance) and over-identified parameter estimation problems. Biased sampling problems appear in many areas of research, including Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health, the Social Sciences and Economics. The book addresses a range of important topics, including case and control studies, causal inference, missing data problems, meta-analysis, renewal process and length biased sampling problems, capture and recapture problems, case cohort studies, exponential tilting genetic mixture models etc. The goal of this book is to make it easier for Ph. D students and new researchers to get started in this research area. It will be of interest to all those who work in the health, biological, social and physical sciences, as well as those who are interested in survey methodology and other areas of statistical science, among others.

Biased Signaling in Physiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Brian J Arey
Biased Signaling in Physiology Pharmacology and Therapeutics Book PDF

Author : Brian J Arey
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780124115071

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Biased Signaling in Physiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics by Brian J Arey Pdf

Biased Signaling in Physiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics is a unique and essential reference for the scientific community concerning how conformational-dependent activation is a common phenomenon across many classes of receptors or signaling molecules. It discusses the role of conformational dynamics in leading to signaling bias across different classes of receptors and signaling molecules. By providing a broader view of signaling bias, this resource helps to explain common mechanisms shared across receptor classes and how this can be utilized to elucidate their cellular activity and better understand their therapeutic potential. Written for both new and established scientists in pharmacology, cell biology, biochemistry, and signal transduction, as well as physicians, this book clearly illustrates how biased receptor signaling can be utilized to develop and understand complex pharmacology. Chapters are each focused on a specific class of receptor or other important topic and make use of real-world examples illustrating how the latest research in signal transduction has led to a better understanding of pharmacology and cell biology. This structure creates a basis for understanding that physiological signalling bias has been selected by nature in order to provide complex and tissue- specific biological responses in the face of limited receptors and signaling pathways. This book provides a framework to reveal that these physiological mechanisms are not restricted to one receptor type or family and thus presents receptor signaling from a newer, more global perspective. Offers a unique and valuable resource on biased receptor signaling that provides a global view for better understanding pharmacology across many receptor families Integrates biased receptor signaling, physiology, and pharmacology to place this emerging science within the context of treating disease Includes important chapters on both the pharmaceutical and therapeutic implications of biased signaling

Algorithms of Oppression

Safiya Umoja Noble
Algorithms of Oppression Book PDF

Author : Safiya Umoja Noble
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781479837243

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Algorithms of Oppression by Safiya Umoja Noble Pdf

Acknowledgments -- Introduction: the power of algorithms -- A society, searching -- Searching for Black girls -- Searching for people and communities -- Searching for protections from search engines -- The future of knowledge in the public -- The future of information culture -- Conclusion: algorithms of oppression -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the author

The Biased Mind

Jérôme Boutang,Michel De Lara
The Biased Mind Book PDF

Author : Jérôme Boutang,Michel De Lara
Publisher : Springer
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-09-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783319165196

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The Biased Mind by Jérôme Boutang,Michel De Lara Pdf

Using a wealth of anecdotes, data from academic literature, and original research, this very accessible little book highlights how we all struggle to cope with the maelstrom of choices, influences and experiences that come our way. The authors have slogged through piles of dry research papers to provide many wonderful nuggets of information and surprising insights. For example: Why is an upside-down red triangle such a powerful warning sign on the road? What is the best kind of alibi? What makes the number 7 so special? Why is it better to whisper words of love into the left ear? Will that recent marriage last? Why is it that the French eat snails but not slugs? The reader will discover the amazing tools and shortcuts that millennia of evolution have built into our brains. And this knowledge is power! Knowing more about how the human mind connects the dots helps us understand why decision-making is so tricky. With insights from evolutionary psychology, we become better equipped to understand ourselves and others and to interact and communicate more effectively.

Evidence-biased Antidepressant Prescription

Michael P. Hengartner
Evidence biased Antidepressant Prescription Book PDF

Author : Michael P. Hengartner
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783030825874

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Evidence-biased Antidepressant Prescription by Michael P. Hengartner Pdf

This book addresses the over-prescribing of antidepressants in people with mostly mild and subthreshold depression. It outlines the steep increase in antidepressant prescription and critically examines the current scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in depression. The book is not only concerned with the conflicting views as to whether antidepressants are useful or ineffective in various forms of depression, but also aims at detailing how flaws in the conduct and reporting of antidepressant trials have led to an overestimation of benefits and underestimation of harms. The transformation of the diagnostic concept of depression from a rare but serious disorder to an over-inclusive, highly prevalent but predominantly mild and self-limiting disorder is central to the books argument. It maintains that biological reductionism in psychiatry and pharmaceutical marketing reframed depression as a brain disorder, corroborating the overemphasis on drug treatment in both research and practice. Finally, the author goes on to explore how pharmaceutical companies have distorted the scientific literature on the efficacy and safety of antidepressants and how patient advocacy groups, leading academics, and medical organisations with pervasive financial ties to the industry helped to promote systematically biased benefit-harm evaluations, affecting public attitudes towards antidepressants as well as medical education, training, and practice.

Biased

Henry Priest
Biased Book PDF

Author : Henry Priest
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1070367524

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Biased by Henry Priest Pdf

The Rational Man?Homo sapiens, the biological name for humans, literally means discerning, wise or sensible human being. But, are humans really sensible or rational? The Biased BrainResearch in psychology and economics has shown that human beings are systematically irrational. Not only do they misjudge situations, but they do it in fairly predictable patterns. Famous BiasesThis compilation of academic research by eminent psychologists and economists presents 50 famous cognitive biases that impair our judgment. These biases occur frequently and affect us all - from the baker to the banker, the pariah to the priest. 'Bias-in-Action' Alongside the biases you will find an easy-to-use tool or 'Bias-in-Action' to help you understand how the bias operates and prepare you for possible counter to them. FREE Bonus!Upon buying this paperback, you get a copy of its Kindle eBook, absolutely FREE!

Sway

Pragya Agarwal
Sway Book PDF

Author : Pragya Agarwal
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781472971371

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Sway by Pragya Agarwal Pdf

'Passionate and urgent.' Guardian, Book of the Week 'A must-read for all.' Stylist, best new books for 2020 'Cogently argued and intensely persuasive. Groundbreaking Work.' Waterstones, best new books of April 'Impressive and much-needed.' Financial Times, Best Business Books April to June 'Admirably detailed.' Prospect Magazine 'Practical, useful, readable and essential for the times we are living in.' Nikesh Shukla 'An eye-opening book that I hope will be widely read.' Angela Saini 'If you think you don't need to read this book, you really need to read this book.' Jane Garvey 'An eye-opening book looking at unconscious bias. Meticulously researched and well written. It will make you think hard about the judgements you make. An essential read for our times.' Kavita Puri, BBC Journalist and author For the first time, behavioural and data scientist, activist and writer Dr Pragya Agarwal unravels the way our implicit or 'unintentional' biases affect the way we communicate and perceive the world, how they affect our decision-making, and how they reinforce and perpetuate systemic and structural inequalities. Sway is a thoroughly researched and comprehensive look at unconscious bias and how it impacts day-to-day life, from job interviews to romantic relationships to saving for retirement. It covers a huge number of sensitive topics - sexism, racism, ageism, homophobia, colourism - with tact, and combines statistics with stories to paint a fuller picture and enhance understanding. Throughout, Pragya clearly delineates theories with a solid grounding in science, answering questions such as: do our roots for prejudice lie in our evolutionary past? What happens in our brains when we are biased? How has bias affected technology? If we don't know about it, are we really responsible for it? At a time when partisan political ideologies are taking centre stage, and we struggle to make sense of who we are and who we want to be, it is crucial that we understand why we act the way we do. This book will enables us to open our eyes to our own biases in a scientific and non-judgmental way.

Biased Embryos and Evolution

Wallace Arthur
Biased Embryos and Evolution Book PDF

Author : Wallace Arthur
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2004-05-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0521541611

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Biased Embryos and Evolution by Wallace Arthur Pdf

What determines the direction of evolutionary change? This book provides a revolutionary answer to this question. Many biologists, from Darwin's day to our own, have been satisfied with the answer 'natural selection'. Professor Wallace Arthur is not. He takes the controversial view that biases in the ways that embryos can be altered are just as important as natural selection in determining the directions that evolution has taken, including the one that led to the origin of humans. This argument forms the core of the book. However, in addition, the book summarizes other important issues relating to how embryonic (and post-embryonic) development evolves. Written in an easy, conversational style, this is the first book for students and the general reader that provides an account of the exciting new field of Evolutionary Developmental Biology ('Evo-Devo' to its proponents).

Biased Trials

Goran Dominioni
Biased Trials Book PDF

Author : Goran Dominioni
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783658300807

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Biased Trials by Goran Dominioni Pdf

Goran Dominioni argues that research in behavioral economics, psychology, and neurosciences can offer novel insights on whether court decisions are accurate, non-discriminatory, and maximize social welfare. The author also shows that insights from these areas of research can help to improve trial outcomes if carefully applied to craft trial rules and practices. He covers central themes in behavioral law and economics, such as implicit racial biases, the fundamental attribution error, and gender-related biases.

Methods for Identifying Biased Test Items

Gregory Camilli,Lorrie A. Shepard
Methods for Identifying Biased Test Items Book PDF

Author : Gregory Camilli,Lorrie A. Shepard
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1994-04-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0803944160

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Methods for Identifying Biased Test Items by Gregory Camilli,Lorrie A. Shepard Pdf

In this book, the authors provide a cogent review of statistical and interpretive procedures that, in combination, can be used to reduce the likelihood that tests contain items that favor members of one gender, age, racial, or ethnic group over equally able members of another group, for reasons that are unrelated to the objectives and purposes of measurement. Such test items are said to be biased against the equally able members of the group that is not favored. The methods described and illustrated in this book have the potential to reducing the incidence of tests that are, in their construction, biased against members of one or more groups. These methods have the potential of controlling an important source of invalidity when test results are interpreted.

Rethinking Biased Estimation

Yonina C. Eldar
Rethinking Biased Estimation Book PDF

Author : Yonina C. Eldar
Publisher : Now Publishers Inc
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781601981301

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Rethinking Biased Estimation by Yonina C. Eldar Pdf

Rethinking Biased Estimation discusses methods to improve the accuracy of unbiased estimators used in many signal processing problems. At the heart of the proposed methodology is the use of the mean-squared error (MSE) as the performance criteria. One of the prime goals of statistical estimation theory is the development of performance bounds when estimating parameters of interest in a given model, as well as constructing estimators that achieve these limits. When the parameters to be estimated are deterministic, a popular approach is to bound the MSE achievable within the class of unbiased estimators. Although it is well-known that lower MSE can be obtained by allowing for a bias, in applications it is typically unclear how to choose an appropriate bias. Rethinking Biased Estimation introduces MSE bounds that are lower than the unbiased Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for all values of the unknowns. It then presents a general framework for constructing biased estimators with smaller MSE than the standard maximum-likelihood (ML) approach, regardless of the true unknown values. Specializing the results to the linear Gaussian model, it derives a class of estimators that dominate least-squares in terms of MSE. It also introduces methods for choosing regularization parameters in penalized ML estimators that outperform standard techniques such as cross validation.

Biased Technical Change and Economic Conservation Laws

Ryuzo Sato
Biased Technical Change and Economic Conservation Laws Book PDF

Author : Ryuzo Sato
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2006-06-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780387263762

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Biased Technical Change and Economic Conservation Laws by Ryuzo Sato Pdf

Productivity of inputs is an important determinant of the competitiveness of firms in national and international markets. Productivity growth arises from deliberate decisions to innovate but the technological opportunities could be such that different inputs would have different rates of growth. Previous literature has mostly concentrated on labor productivity but empirical studies indicate that productivity of capital is also increasing. One of the objectives of this book is to examine the difference or bias in the productivity growth of the two inputs. In this book, application of this general approach to study of biased technical change is developed and new empirical results presented for both macroeconomies and microeconomic firms.

Biased Cognitions & Social Anxiety: Building a Global Framework for Integrating Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neural Processes

Alexandre Heeren,Wolf-Gero Lange,Quincy Wong,Pierre Philippot
Biased Cognitions Social Anxiety Building a Global Framework for Integrating Cognitive Behavioral and Neural Processes Book PDF

Author : Alexandre Heeren,Wolf-Gero Lange,Quincy Wong,Pierre Philippot
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2015-03-05
Category : Cognitive therapy
ISBN : 9782889194230

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Biased Cognitions & Social Anxiety: Building a Global Framework for Integrating Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neural Processes by Alexandre Heeren,Wolf-Gero Lange,Quincy Wong,Pierre Philippot Pdf

Social anxiety (SA) is a common and incapacitating disorder that has been associated with seriously impaired career, academic, and general social functioning. Regarding epidemiological data, SA has a lifetime prevalence of 12.1% and is the fourth most common psychopathological disorder (Kessler et al., 2005). At a fundamental point of view, the most prominent cognitive models of SA posit that biased cognitions contribute to the development and maintenance of the disorder (e.g., Clark & Wells, 1995; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997). Over the last decades, a large body of research has provided evidence that individuals suffering from SA exhibit such biased cognitions at the level of visual attention, memory of social encounters, interpretation of social events, and in judgment of social cues. Such biased cognitions in SA has been studied in different ways within cognitive psychology, behavioral psychology, clinical psychology, and cognitive neuroscience over the last few decades, yet, integrative approaches for channeling all information into a unified account of biased cognitions in SA has not been presented so far. The present Research Topic aims to bring together theses different ways, and to highlight findings and methods which can unify research across these areas. In particular, this Research Topic aims to advance the current theoretical models of SA and set the stage for future developments of the field by clarifying and linking theoretical concepts across disciplines.

Gender-Biased Sex Selection in South Korea, India and Vietnam

Laura Rahm
Gender Biased Sex Selection in South Korea India and Vietnam Book PDF

Author : Laura Rahm
Publisher : Springer
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030202347

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Gender-Biased Sex Selection in South Korea, India and Vietnam by Laura Rahm Pdf

This book provides an in-depth analysis of the influence of public policy on sex selection. Three Asian countries were chosen for the comparative policy analysis, namely South Korea, India and Vietnam that share in common a historical legacy of son preference, high levels of sex imbalances and active policy response to curbing the growing demographic masculinization of their nations. The research based on the data collected from field work in the three countries shows that despite the adoption of very similar anti-sex selection policies the outcomes have been markedly different for each of the three countries. These unexpected diverse outcomes are explained partly by their different historical and cultural contexts, and partly to the different social, political and economic institutions and dynamics. This monograph offers careful and detailed explanations of both within and across country diversities in policy outcomes, pointing to the importance and the limits of cross-national policy learning and adoption, and raising questions about the efficacy of international organizations’ current approaches to global policy and knowledge transfer.