Examples And Their Role In Our Thinking

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Examples and Their Role in Our Thinking

Author : Ondřej Beran
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000352030

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Examples and Their Role in Our Thinking by Ondřej Beran Pdf

This book investigates the role and significance that examples play in shaping arguments and thought, both in philosophy and in everyday life. It addresses questions about how our moral thinking is informed by our conceptual practices, especially in ways related to the relationship between ethics and literature, post-Wittgensteinian ethics, or meta-philosophical concerns about the style of philosophical writing. Written in an accessible and non-technical style, the book uses examples from real-life events or pieces of well-known fictional stories to introduce its discussions. In doing so, it demonstrates the complex way examples, rather than exemplifying philosophical points, inform and condition how we approach the points for which we want to argue. The author shows how examples guide or block our understanding in certain directions, how they do this by stressing morally relevant aspects or dimensions of the terms, and how the sense of moral seriousness allows us to learn from examples. The final chapter explores whether these kinds of engagement with examples can be understood as "thinking primarily through examples." Examples and Their Role in Our Thinking will be of interest to scholars and graduate students working in ethics and moral philosophy, philosophy of language, and philosophy of literature.

Discovering the Brain

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309045292

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Discovering the Brain by National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman Pdf

The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

Emotional

Author : Leonard Mlodinow
Publisher : Pantheon
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2022-01-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781524747596

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Emotional by Leonard Mlodinow Pdf

We’ve all been told that thinking rationally is the key to success. But at the cutting edge of science, researchers are discovering that feeling is every bit as important as thinking. You make hundreds of decisions every day, from what to eat for breakfast to how you should invest, and not one of those decisions would be possible without emotion. It has long been said that thinking and feeling are separate and opposing forces in our behavior. But as Leonard Mlodinow, the best-selling author of Subliminal, tells us, extraordinary advances in psychology and neuroscience have proven that emotions are as critical to our well-being as thinking. How can you connect better with others? How can you make sense of your frustration, fear, and anxiety? What can you do to live a happier life? The answers lie in understanding your emotions. Journeying from the labs of pioneering scientists to real-world scenarios that have flirted with disaster, Mlodinow shows us how our emotions can help, why they sometimes hurt, and what we can learn in both instances. Using deep insights into our evolution and biology, Mlodinow gives us the tools to understand our emotions better and to maximize their benefits. Told with his characteristic clarity and fascinating stories, Emotional explores the new science of feelings and offers us an essential guide to making the most of one of nature’s greatest gifts.

Thinking, Fast and Slow

Author : Daniel Kahneman
Publisher : Doubleday Canada
Page : 614 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2011-11-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780385676526

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Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman Pdf

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER The guru to the gurus at last shares his knowledge with the rest of us. Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman's seminal studies in behavioral psychology, behavioral economics, and happiness studies have influenced numerous other authors, including Steven Pinker and Malcolm Gladwell. In Thinking, Fast and Slow, Kahneman at last offers his own, first book for the general public. It is a lucid and enlightening summary of his life's work. It will change the way you think about thinking. Two systems drive the way we think and make choices, Kahneman explains: System One is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System Two is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. Examining how both systems function within the mind, Kahneman exposes the extraordinary capabilities as well as the biases of fast thinking and the pervasive influence of intuitive impressions on our thoughts and our choices. Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, he shows where we can trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking, contrasting the two-system view of the mind with the standard model of the rational economic agent. Kahneman's singularly influential work has transformed cognitive psychology and launched the new fields of behavioral economics and happiness studies. In this path-breaking book, Kahneman shows how the mind works, and offers practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both our business and personal lives--and how we can guard against the mental glitches that often get us into trouble.

Introduction to Logic and Logical Discourse

Author : Satya Sundar Sethy
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789811626890

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Introduction to Logic and Logical Discourse by Satya Sundar Sethy Pdf

This book focuses on logic and logical language. It examines different types of words, terms and propositions in detail. While discussing the nature of propositions, it illustrates the procedures used to determine the truth and falsity of a proposition, and the validity and invalidity of an argument. In addition, the book provides a clear exposition of the pure and mixed form of syllogism with suitable examples. The book encompasses sentential logic, predicate logic, symbolic logic, induction and set theory topics. The book is designed to serve all those involved in teaching and learning courses on logic. It offers a valuable resource for students and researchers in philosophy, mathematics and computer science disciplines. Given its scope, it is an essential read for everyone interested in logic, language, formulation of the hypotheses for the scientific enquiries and research studies, and judging valid and invalid arguments in the natural language discourse.

Critical Thinking

Author : Richard Paul,Linda Elder
Publisher : FT Press
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2013-08-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780133115697

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Critical Thinking by Richard Paul,Linda Elder Pdf

Use better thinking to empower yourself, discover opportunities, avoid disastrous mistakes, build wealth, and achieve your biggest goals! This is your complete, up-to-the-minute blueprint for assessing and improving the way you think about everything – from business decisions to personal relationships. Drs. Richard W. Paul and Linda Elder, of the Center for Critical Thinking, offer specific guidance for making more intelligent decisions, and overcoming the irrationalities and "sociocentric" limits we all face. Discover which of the "six stages" of thinking you’re in and learn how to think with clarity, relevance, logic, accuracy, depth, significance, precision, breadth, and fairness. Master strategic thinking skills you can use everywhere and learn how to critically assess what experts tell you. Packed with new examples and exercises, this guide won’t just help you think more effectively: it will help you use those skills to empower yourself, discover new opportunities, avoid disastrous mistakes, and grow your wealth. Above all, it will help you gain the confidence and clarity you need to pursue and achieve your most important goals in life – whatever they are!

The Collected Works of L. S. Vygotsky

Author : L.S. Vygotsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Education
ISBN : 0306454882

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The Collected Works of L. S. Vygotsky by L.S. Vygotsky Pdf

Presents a theoretical work originally written in the 1920s, long believed to be lost, by a Soviet psychologist. He responds to the proliferation of different schools within the field with the formulation of a unified theory based on Marxism. For scholars in psychology and the history of psychology.

Einstein on Einstein

Author : Hanoch Gutfreund,Jürgen Renn
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2020-05-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691200118

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Einstein on Einstein by Hanoch Gutfreund,Jürgen Renn Pdf

New perspectives on the iconic physicist's scientific and philosophical formation At the end of World War II, Albert Einstein was invited to write his intellectual autobiography for the Library of Living Philosophers. The resulting book was his uniquely personal Autobiographical Notes, a classic work in the history of science that explains the development of his ideas with unmatched warmth and clarity. Hanoch Gutfreund and Jürgen Renn introduce Einstein's scientific reflections to today's readers, tracing his intellectual formation from childhood to old age and offering a compelling portrait of the making of a philosopher-scientist. Einstein on Einstein features the full English text of Autobiographical Notes along with incisive essays that place Einstein's reflections in the context of the different stages of his scientific life. Gutfreund and Renn draw on Einstein's writings, personal correspondence, and critical writings by Einstein's contemporaries to provide new perspectives on his greatest discoveries. Also included are Einstein's responses to his critics, which shed additional light on his scientific and philosophical worldview. Gutfreund and Renn quote extensively from Einstein's initial, unpublished attempts to formulate his response, and also look at another brief autobiographical text by Einstein, written a few weeks before his death, which is published here for the first time in English. Complete with evocative drawings by artist Laurent Taudin, Einstein on Einstein illuminates the iconic physicist's journey to general relativity while situating his revolutionary ideas alongside other astonishing scientific breakthroughs of the twentieth century.

Thinking Across Cultures

Author : Donald M. Topping,Doris C. Crowell,Victor N. Kobayashi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-05
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781136563409

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Thinking Across Cultures by Donald M. Topping,Doris C. Crowell,Victor N. Kobayashi Pdf

This volume compares and contrasts contemporary theories of cognition, modes of perception, and learning from cross-cultural perspectives. The participants were asked to consider and assess the question of whether people from different cultures think differently. Moreover, they were asked to consider whether the same approaches to teaching and development of thinking will work in all cultures as well as they do in Western, literate societies.

The Dynamics of Change

Author : Mannie Sher
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2018-03-05
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780429920509

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The Dynamics of Change by Mannie Sher Pdf

This book focuses on the hallmark or approaches of the Tavistock Institute—combining research in the social sciences with professional practice in organisational and social change. It shows how consultant and client system are partners in the process of organisational analysis and design.

Encyclopedia of the Mind

Author : Harold Pashler
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 897 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013-01-14
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781412950572

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Encyclopedia of the Mind by Harold Pashler Pdf

It's hard to conceive of a topic of more broad and personal interest than the study of the mind. In addition to its traditional investigation by the disciplines of psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience, the mind has also been a focus of study in the fields of philosophy, economics, anthropology, linguistics, computer science, molecular biology, education, and literature. In all these approaches, there is an almost universal fascination with how the mind works and how it affects our lives and our behavior. Studies of the mind and brain have crossed many exciting thresholds in recent years, and the study of mind now represents a thoroughly cross-disciplinary effort. Researchers from a wide range of disciplines seek answers to such questions as: What is mind? How does it operate? What is consciousness? This encyclopedia brings together scholars from the entire range of mind-related academic disciplines from across the arts and humanities, social sciences, life sciences, and computer science and engineering to explore the multidimensional nature of the human mind.

The role of the Probation Service

Author : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Justice Committee
Publisher : The Stationery Office
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2011-07-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0215561023

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The role of the Probation Service by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Justice Committee Pdf

Additional written evidence is contained in Volume 3, available on the Committee website at www.parliament.uk/justicecom

Autonomous Transformation

Author : Brian Evergreen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2023-08-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781119985297

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Autonomous Transformation by Brian Evergreen Pdf

From technologist and strategist Brian Evergreen, a bold new agenda for the role of organizational leaders in creating a more human future with technology Social good initiatives are incompatible with the current network of systems that make up and support the private and public sectors. Millions of dollars have been invested in bringing leaders together from organizations around the world to design solutions for global challenges such as the climate crisis, child labor, racism, war, and many more. Despite executive buy-in, alignment of core capabilities and resources, passionate leadership, and well-designed strategies, these initiatives inevitably fail (with a few, notable exceptions). The dawn of the Internet ignited a global redesign and rebuild of the interlocking systems that make up and support the private and public sectors today. The era of Digital Transformation extended this further through the adoption of cloud technologies and distributed computing. With a recent wave of technological advancements, organizations have arrived at another global redesign and rebuilding of the network of systems that make up society: Autonomous Transformation, revealing an opportunity for leaders to create Profitable Good through systemic design in combination with emerging autonomous technologies and surprising and remarkable partnerships. Autonomous Transformation provides a blueprint for leaders and managers who have aspired or attempted to harness artificial intelligence and its adjacent technologies for the betterment of their organization and the world, weaving strategy, business, economics, systemic design, and philosophy into four actionable steps with accompanying frameworks: Clear the Digital Fog See the Systems Choose a Problem Future Design Inevitability

Changing the Way You Think

Author : Sheldon Malone
Publisher : WestBow Press
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2015-12-30
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781512723731

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Changing the Way You Think by Sheldon Malone Pdf

It was during an isolated tour of military duty that the author Sheldon Malone was led to compile these devotionals written over the years into a one-year devotional book designed to encourage readers to look at God’s Word from a whole new perspective by changing the way they thought. It was not until he changed his thinking that he truly began to see the transforming power of God manifested in his life in tangible ways. This is precisely why we have to allow God to expand our territory and horizon by permitting Him to change the way we think through His Word. As you read each devotional, this author’s prayer is that you will find strength and encouragement to allow God to propel you into higher heights and deeper depths in the things of the Kingdom. The Word of God may just give you a different perspective as it encourages you to change your thinking in order to achieve a new mindset.

Snapshots of the Mind

Author : Gary A. Klein
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2022-10-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262371520

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Snapshots of the Mind by Gary A. Klein Pdf

How people make decisions, size up situations, spot anomalies, and anticipate problems in real-world settings. Gary Klein, author of the bestselling Sources of Power, is the cognitive psychologist who discovered how people actually make decisions, particularly under time pressure and uncertainty. In Snapshots of the Mind, he offers a set of short essays—“snapshots” of different aspects of cognitive functioning in real-world settings that will help us learn to recognize the cognitive processes that underlie and drive performance. In these essays Klein provides practical tools for escaping fixation on initial hunches and learning to detect the ways that people make decisions, size up situations, spot anomalies, and anticipate problems. Snapshots of the Mind grows out of the Naturalistic Decision Making movement, which studies how decision makers handle uncertainty and complexity in high-stakes situations. In the essays, Klein examines how people make tough choices and assessments in the real-world, discussing such topics as training, information technology, teamwork, expertise, and insights. Debunking the idea that artificial intelligence will soon take over human decision making, he argues instead for machines that make us smarter and expand our expertise. He describes his Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) model, which has been incorporated into Army doctrine and was one of the inspirations for Malcolm Gladwell’s Blink. Snapshots of the Mind offers fresh takes on such topics as confirmation bias, anomaly detection, intuition, anticipatory thinking and perspective-taking. Readers come away attuned to the primary aspects of expert cognition: the mindsets, mental models, and perceptual sensitivity.