Fragmented Democracy

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Fragmented Democracy

Author : Jamila Michener
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2018-03-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781316510193

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Fragmented Democracy by Jamila Michener Pdf

Because of federalism, Medicaid takes very different forms in different places. This has dramatic and crucial consequences for democratic citizenship.

Fragmented Democracy

Author : Jamila Michener
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781108245326

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Fragmented Democracy by Jamila Michener Pdf

Medicaid is the single largest public health insurer in the United States, covering upwards of 70 million Americans. Crucially, Medicaid is also an intergovernmental program that yokes poverty to federalism: the federal government determines its broad contours, while states have tremendous discretion over how Medicaid is designed and implemented. Where some locales are generous and open handed, others are tight-fisted and punitive. In Fragmented Democracy, Jamila Michener demonstrates the consequences of such disparities for democratic citizenship. Unpacking how federalism transforms Medicaid beneficiaries' interpretations of government and structures their participation in politics, the book examines American democracy from the vantage point(s) of those who are living in or near poverty, (disproportionately) Black or Latino, and reliant on a federated government for vital resources.

Fragmented Democracy

Author : Jamila Michener
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2018-03-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781108247047

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Fragmented Democracy by Jamila Michener Pdf

Medicaid is the single largest public health insurer in the United States, covering upwards of 70 million Americans. Crucially, Medicaid is also an intergovernmental program that yokes poverty to federalism: the federal government determines its broad contours, while states have tremendous discretion over how Medicaid is designed and implemented. Where some locales are generous and open handed, others are tight-fisted and punitive. In Fragmented Democracy, Jamila Michener demonstrates the consequences of such disparities for democratic citizenship. Unpacking how federalism transforms Medicaid beneficiaries' interpretations of government and structures their participation in politics, the book examines American democracy from the vantage point(s) of those who are living in or near poverty, (disproportionately) Black or Latino, and reliant on a federated government for vital resources.

The Future Of Democratic Equality

Author : Joseph M. Schwartz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2008-10-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135944537

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The Future Of Democratic Equality by Joseph M. Schwartz Pdf

2011 David Easton Award, presented for the best book by the Foundations of Political Theory section of APSA: "The Future of Democratic Equality, by Joseph Schwartz, takes on three tasks, and accomplishes all brilliantly. Any one of these tasks well fulfilled would have been a laudable achievement. First, Schwartz argues for the centrality of the question of equality to democratic politics. Second, he critically analyzes and explains the shocking rise in inequality in the United States over the last three decades. This he does with conceptual clarity, rich interdisciplinary analysis, and a thorough examination of hard socioeconomic data. Third, he assails the near absence of concern for this soaring inequality among contemporary political theorists, and offers a cogent, and stinging, explanation that takes to task the discipline’s preoccupation with difference and identity severed from the pragmatics of democratic equality. The Future of Democratic Equality is a courageous and disciplined effort to tackle a hugely important political problem and intellectual puzzle. It well embodies the spirit of the Easton Book Award by providing well-grounded normative theory targeted to an urgent matter of contemporary concern. It is a must read for anyone who cares about democracy." - Respectfully submitted by Leslie Paul Thiele, University of Florida (chair) and Cary J. Nederman, Texas A&M University Why has contemporary radical political theory remained virtually silent about the stunning rise in inequality in the United States over the past thirty years? Schwartz contends that since the 1980s, most radical theorists shifted their focus away from interrogating social inequality to criticizing the liberal and radical tradition for being inattentive to the role of difference and identity within social life. This critique brought more awareness of the relative autonomy of gender, racial, and sexual oppression. But, as Schwartz argues, it also led many theorists to forget that if difference is institutionalized on a terrain of radical economic inequality, unjust inequalities in social and political power will inevitably persist. Schwartz cautions against a new radical theoretical orthodoxy: that "universal" norms such as equality and solidarity are inherently repressive and homogenizing, whereas particular norms and identities are truly emancipatory. Reducing inequality among Americans, as well as globally, will take a high level of social solidarity--a level far from today's fragmented politics. In focusing the left's attention on the need to reconstruct a governing model that speaks to the aspirations of the majority, Schwartz provocatively applies this vision to such real world political issues as welfare reform, race relations, childcare, and the democratic regulation of the global economy.

The Far Right Today

Author : Cas Mudde
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 129 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781509536856

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The Far Right Today by Cas Mudde Pdf

The far right is back with a vengeance. After several decades at the political margins, far-right politics has again taken center stage. Three of the world’s largest democracies – Brazil, India, and the United States – now have a radical right leader, while far-right parties continue to increase their profile and support within Europe. In this timely book, leading global expert on political extremism Cas Mudde provides a concise overview of the fourth wave of postwar far-right politics, exploring its history, ideology, organization, causes, and consequences, as well as the responses available to civil society, party, and state actors to challenge its ideas and influence. What defines this current far-right renaissance, Mudde argues, is its mainstreaming and normalization within the contemporary political landscape. Challenging orthodox thinking on the relationship between conventional and far-right politics, Mudde offers a complex and insightful picture of one of the key political challenges of our time.

Ameru and Their Fragmented Democracy

Author : Tarcisio F. B. Gichunge A. N. D. Richard ALFRED GITONGA
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798687826136

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Ameru and Their Fragmented Democracy by Tarcisio F. B. Gichunge A. N. D. Richard ALFRED GITONGA Pdf

AMERU AND THEIR FRAGMENTED DEMOCRACYThe Ameru community of Meru County in Kenya, were the first people in black Africa who transformed their lives through different Epochs, while they moved from one place to another in history. Ameru were never static in nature; they moved from one place to another due to changing circumstances of their life. They were lucky or unlucky to be involved with other people who chased them from their homes for one reason or another.Their history threads several Epochs from their creation by God in the Middle East, where they were chased by their enemies who wanted to annihilate them. They crossed the Red Sea from the Middle East to Egypt and lived there for many centuries as they advanced in technology to be the builders of the Pyramids, before being forced out by the Libyan mercenaries. Their second long and epic journey ended when they settled in Mboa (Manda Island) Kenya.In Manda Island, Kenya which they named Mboa (new home), they lived for centuries before being disturbed by the people they called Nguuntune (the Portuguese) from 15th, century to 17th, Century. The Portuguese had hunted and captured them as slaves for export to Americas. Through those bumpy and bouncy experiences, they had developed various methods of survival and organization of their governance.The Ameru community embraced actual democratic Government that had three independent arms for its operations. There was the Legislature arm, held by Njurincheke who made laws for the community. There was the Judiciary arm, held by Mugwe who judged and delivered judgments for the cases brought before him on behalf of the aggrieved parties. There was the Executive arm, held by one Kaura O'Becau who performed the role of the administration and advice on all matters that required arbitration.Thus, even before the arrival of the colonizers in Kenya, Ameru of Meru County had their three institutions that governed the affairs of the community in a democratic manner, with the rule of law being paramount.Anywhere, in Africa, it was only in Meru, Kenya where people practiced a "democratic government of the people by the people for the people themselves." However, when civilization and modernization emerged with colonizers taking control of Kenya and eventually Kenya gaining Independence, the Ameru Community's Egalitarianism, Social Equality and Democracy were disintegrated, fragmented and disjointed.You are welcome to read on to discover how that disintegration and fragmentation came about.

Hyperlocal

Author : Jennifer S. Vey,Nate Storring
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2022-10-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815739586

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Hyperlocal by Jennifer S. Vey,Nate Storring Pdf

An examination of how the (hyper)local is the locus of real change Many of America’s downtowns, waterfronts, and innovation districts have experienced significant revitalization and reinvestment in recent years, but concentrated poverty and racial segregation remain persistent across thousands of urban, suburban, and rural neighborhoods. The coronavirus pandemic magnified this sustained and growing landscape of inequality. Uneven patterns of economic growth and investment require a shift in how communities are governed and managed. This shift must take into account the changing socioeconomic realities of regions and the pressing need to bring inclusive economic growth and prosperity to more people and places. In this context, place-based (“hyperlocal”) governance structures in the United States and around the globe have been both part of the problem and part of the solution. These organizations range from community land trusts to business improvement districts to neighborhood councils. However, very little systematic research has documented the full diversity and evolution of these organizations as part of one interrelated field. Hyperlocal helps fill that gap by describing the challenges and opportunities of “place governance.” The chapters in Hyperlocal explore both the tensions and benefits associated with governing places in an increasingly fragmented—and inequitable—economic landscape. Together they explore the potential of place governance to give stakeholders a structure through which to share ideas, voice concerns, advocate for investments, and co-design strategies with others both inside and outside their place. They also discuss how place governance can serve the interests of some stakeholders over others, in turn exacerbating wealth-based inequities within and across communities. Finally, they highlight innovative financing, organizing, and ownership models for creating and sustaining more effective and inclusive place governance structures. The authors hope to provoke new thinking among place governance practitioners, policymakers, private sector leaders, urban planners, scholars, students, and philanthropists about how, why, and for whom place governance matters. The book also provides guidance on how to improve place governance practice to benefit more people and places.

Authoritarian Police in Democracy

Author : Yanilda María González
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781108830393

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Authoritarian Police in Democracy by Yanilda María González Pdf

Explains the persistence of violent, unaccountable policing in democratic contexts.

Empire of Democracy

Author : Simon Reid-Henry
Publisher : Simon & Schuster
Page : 880 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2019-06-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781451684964

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Empire of Democracy by Simon Reid-Henry Pdf

The first panoramic history of the Western world from the 1970s to the present day, Empire of Democracy is the story for those asking how we got to where we are. Half a century ago, at the height of the Cold War and amidst a world economic crisis, the Western democracies were forced to undergo a profound transformation. Against what some saw as a full-scale “crisis of democracy”— with race riots, anti-Vietnam marches and a wave of worker discontent sowing crisis from one nation to the next— a new political-economic order was devised and the postwar social contract was torn up and written anew. In this epic narrative of the events that have shaped our own times, Simon Reid-Henry shows how liberal democracy, and western history with it, was profoundly reimagined when the postwar Golden Age ended. As the institutions of liberal rule were reinvented, a new generation of politicians emerged: Thatcher, Reagan, Mitterrand, Kohl. The late twentieth century heyday they oversaw carried the Western democracies triumphantly to victory in the Cold War and into the economic boom of the 1990s. But equally it led them into the fiasco of Iraq, to the high drama of the financial crisis in 2007/8, and ultimately to the anti-liberal surge of our own times. The present crisis of liberalism enjoins us to revisit these as yet unscripted decades. The era we have all been living through is closing out, democracy is turning on its axis once again. As this panoramic history poignantly reminds us, the choices we make going forward require us first to come to terms with where we have been.

Laboratories Against Democracy

Author : Jacob Grumbach
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691218465

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Laboratories Against Democracy by Jacob Grumbach Pdf

As national political fights are waged at the state level, democracy itself pays the price Over the past generation, the Democratic and Republican parties have each become nationally coordinated political teams. American political institutions, on the other hand, remain highly decentralized. Laboratories against Democracy shows how national political conflicts are increasingly flowing through the subnational institutions of state politics—with profound consequences for public policy and American democracy. Jacob Grumbach argues that as Congress has become more gridlocked, national partisan and activist groups have shifted their sights to the state level, nationalizing state politics in the process and transforming state governments into the engines of American policymaking. He shows how this has had the ironic consequence of making policy more varied across the states as red and blue party coalitions implement increasingly distinct agendas in areas like health care, reproductive rights, and climate change. The consequences don’t stop there, however. Drawing on a wealth of new data on state policy, public opinion, money in politics, and democratic performance, Grumbach traces how national groups are using state governmental authority to suppress the vote, gerrymander districts, and erode the very foundations of democracy itself. Required reading for this precarious moment in our politics, Laboratories against Democracy reveals how the pursuit of national partisan agendas at the state level has intensified the challenges facing American democracy, and asks whether today’s state governments are mitigating the political crises of our time—or accelerating them.

Party System Change, the European Crisis and the State of Democracy

Author : Marco Lisi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2018-08-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351377645

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Party System Change, the European Crisis and the State of Democracy by Marco Lisi Pdf

Party systems are crucial elements for the functioning of political systems and representative democracies. With several European countries experiencing significant changes recently, it is necessary to update our knowledge. This volume analyses party system changes in Europe in the 21st century by considering several dimensions such as interparty competition, the cleavage structure, electoral volatility and the emergence of new actors. The book describes the principal continuities and changes in party systems in Europe; analyzes the main explanations for these trends; and assesses the impact of the crisis on the patterns observed. By considering a wide range of Western and Eastern European countries, and focusing on the ‘parameters’ of party system change, this book seeks to fill an important gap in the literature through a comparative analysis of the evolution of party systems in Europe over the last decades. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political parties, party systems and politics, electoral behavior as well as more broadly to European politics, comparative politics. political representation and the quality of democracies.

The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil

Author : Barry Ames
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2009-01-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780472021437

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The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil by Barry Ames Pdf

Many countries have experimented with different electoral rules in order either to increase involvement in the political system or make it easier to form stable governments. Barry Ames explores this important topic in one of the world's most populous and important democracies, Brazil. This book locates one of the sources of Brazil's "crisis of governance" in the nation's unique electoral system, a system that produces a multiplicity of weak parties and individualistic, pork-oriented politicians with little accountability to citizens. It explains the government's difficulties in adopting innovative policies by examining electoral rules, cabinet formation, executive-legislative conflict, party discipline and legislative negotiation. The book combines extensive use of new sources of data, ranging from historical and demographic analysis in focused comparisons of individual states to unique sources of data for the exploration of legislative politics. The discussion of party discipline in the Chamber of Deputies is the first multivariate model of party cooperation or defection in Latin America that includes measures of such important phenomena as constituency effects, pork-barrel receipts, ideology, electoral insecurity, and intention to seek reelection. With a unique data set and a sophisticated application of rational choice theory, Barry Ames demonstrates the effect of different electoral rules for election to Brazil's legislature. The readership of this book includes anyone wanting to understand the crisis of democratic politics in Brazil. The book will be especially useful to scholars and students in the areas of comparative politics, Latin American politics, electoral analysis, and legislative studies. Barry Ames is the Andrew Mellon Professor of Comparative Politics and Chair, Department of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh.

Democracy Incorporated

Author : Sheldon S. Wolin
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691178486

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Democracy Incorporated by Sheldon S. Wolin Pdf

Democracy is struggling in America--by now this statement is almost cliché. But what if the country is no longer a democracy at all? In Democracy Incorporated, Sheldon Wolin considers the unthinkable: has America unwittingly morphed into a new and strange kind of political hybrid, one where economic and state powers are conjoined and virtually unbridled? Can the nation check its descent into what the author terms "inverted totalitarianism"? Wolin portrays a country where citizens are politically uninterested and submissive--and where elites are eager to keep them that way. At best the nation has become a "managed democracy" where the public is shepherded, not sovereign. At worst it is a place where corporate power no longer answers to state controls. Wolin makes clear that today's America is in no way morally or politically comparable to totalitarian states like Nazi Germany, yet he warns that unchecked economic power risks verging on total power and has its own unnerving pathologies. Wolin examines the myths and mythmaking that justify today's politics, the quest for an ever-expanding economy, and the perverse attractions of an endless war on terror. He argues passionately that democracy's best hope lies in citizens themselves learning anew to exercise power at the local level. Democracy Incorporated is one of the most worrying diagnoses of America's political ills to emerge in decades. It is sure to be a lightning rod for political debate for years to come. Now with a new introduction by Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist Chris Hedges, Democracy Incorporated remains an essential work for understanding the state of democracy in America.

The Politics of Local Participatory Democracy in Latin America

Author : Françoise Montambeault
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2015-10-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780804796576

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The Politics of Local Participatory Democracy in Latin America by Françoise Montambeault Pdf

Participatory democracy innovations aimed at bringing citizens back into local governance processes are now at the core of the international democratic development agenda. Municipalities around the world have adopted local participatory mechanisms of various types in the last two decades, including participatory budgeting, the flagship Brazilian program, and participatory planning, as it is the case in several Mexican municipalities. Yet, institutionalized participatory mechanisms have had mixed results in practice at the municipal level. So why and how does success vary? This book sets out to answer that question. Defining democratic success as a transformation of state-society relationships, the author goes beyond the clientelism/democracy dichotomy and reveals that four types of state-society relationships can be observed in practice: clientelism, disempowering co-option, fragmented inclusion, and democratic cooperation. Using this typology, and drawing on the comparative case study of four cities in Mexico and Brazil, the book demonstrates that the level of democratic success is best explained by an approach that accounts for institutional design, structural conditions of mobilization, and the configurations, strategies, behaviors, and perceptions of both state and societal actors. Thus, institutional change alone does not guarantee democratic success: the way these institutional changes are enacted by both political and social actors is even more important as it conditions the potential for an autonomous civil society to emerge and actively engage with the local state in the social construction of an inclusive citizenship.

The Submerged State

Author : Suzanne Mettler
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2011-08-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226521664

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The Submerged State by Suzanne Mettler Pdf

“Keep your government hands off my Medicare!” Such comments spotlight a central question animating Suzanne Mettler’s provocative and timely book: why are many Americans unaware of government social benefits and so hostile to them in principle, even though they receive them? The Obama administration has been roundly criticized for its inability to convey how much it has accomplished for ordinary citizens. Mettler argues that this difficulty is not merely a failure of communication; rather it is endemic to the formidable presence of the “submerged state.” In recent decades, federal policymakers have increasingly shunned the outright disbursing of benefits to individuals and families and favored instead less visible and more indirect incentives and subsidies, from tax breaks to payments for services to private companies. These submerged policies, Mettler shows, obscure the role of government and exaggerate that of the market. As a result, citizens are unaware not only of the benefits they receive, but of the massive advantages given to powerful interests, such as insurance companies and the financial industry. Neither do they realize that the policies of the submerged state shower their largest benefits on the most affluent Americans, exacerbating inequality. Mettler analyzes three Obama reforms—student aid, tax relief, and health care—to reveal the submerged state and its consequences, demonstrating how structurally difficult it is to enact policy reforms and even to obtain public recognition for achieving them. She concludes with recommendations for reform to help make hidden policies more visible and governance more comprehensible to all Americans. The sad truth is that many American citizens do not know how major social programs work—or even whether they benefit from them. Suzanne Mettler’s important new book will bring government policies back to the surface and encourage citizens to reclaim their voice in the political process.