Intake Of Caffeine And Other Methylxanthines During Pregnancy And Risk For Adverse Effects In Pregnant Women And Their Foetuses

Author : H. C. Andersson,Helena Hallström,Bengt A. Kihlman
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789289310987

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Intake of caffeine and other methylxanthines during pregnancy and risk for adverse effects in pregnant women and their foetuses by H. C. Andersson,Helena Hallström,Bengt A. Kihlman Pdf

The first part of the report deals with occurrence of methylxanthines in foods, beverages, and medicines, and estimates of caffeine intake. In addition, a short review of the pharmacological and toxicological actions of caffeine is given. The second and main part of the report reviews available information from epidemiological studies on the potential health hazards to the human foetus associated with parental intake during pregnancy of caffeine and related methylxanthines in foods, beverages and medicines. The studied adverse effects are influence on fertility, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformation, pre-term delivery, foetal growth retardation, foetal behaviour and effects on neonates, infants and young children. The conclusion of the report demonstrates the need for limiting caffeine exposure during pregnancy. The Nordic Working Group on Food Toxicology and Risk Evaluation (NNT) recognizes that the human exposure to caffeine and related compounds causes a spectrum of pharmacological effects, for instance cardiovascular, renal, neurological and behavioural effects. The increasing use of caffeine and related methylxanthines in various foods and beverages consumed by children and adolescents cause concern. NNT recommends that a full hazard characterization of caffeine and related methylxanthines should be performed with the aim to reach a conclusion about the upper safe level of intake of these compounds.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2002-01-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309082587

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Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance by Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research Pdf

This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 2379 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2015-08-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780123849533

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Encyclopedia of Food and Health by Anonim Pdf

The Encyclopedia of Food and Health, Five Volume Set provides users with a solid bridge of current and accurate information spanning food production and processing, from distribution and consumption to health effects. The Encyclopedia comprises five volumes, each containing comprehensive, thorough coverage, and a writing style that is succinct and straightforward. Users will find this to be a meticulously organized resource of the best available summary and conclusions on each topic. Written from a truly international perspective, and covering of all areas of food science and health in over 550 articles, with extensive cross-referencing and further reading at the end of each chapter, this updated encyclopedia is an invaluable resource for both research and educational needs. Identifies the essential nutrients and how to avoid their deficiencies Explores the use of diet to reduce disease risk and optimize health Compiles methods for detection and quantitation of food constituents, food additives and nutrients, and contaminants Contains coverage of all areas of food science and health in nearly 700 articles, with extensive cross-referencing and further reading at the end of each chapter

Author : Nordic Council of Ministers
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789289317313

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Risk Assessment of Caffeine Among Children and Adolescents in the Nordic Countries by Nordic Council of Ministers Pdf

Author : Bertil B. Fredholm
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 559 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2010-09-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3642134432

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Methylxanthines by Bertil B. Fredholm Pdf

In the present volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology well known experts describe the actions of different xanthines with a focus on caffeine and theophylline. A special chapter is devoted to theobromine, an active component of chocolate, the actions of which are less well characterized. This book also presents the pharmacology of one xanthine derivative, propentofylline, as an example of a xanthine that has gone through extensive development for a novel therapeutic area.

Author : Jerry Meyer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 841 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-25
Category : Psychotropic drugs
ISBN : 9781605359878

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Psychopharmacology by Jerry Meyer Pdf

Unique in its breadth of coverage ranging from historical accounts of drug use to clinical and preclinical behavioral studies, Psychopharmacology is appropriate for undergraduates studying the relationships between the behavioral effects of psychoactive drugs and their mechanisms of action. 1. Chapter-opening vignettes foster student engagement 2. Breakout boxes present novel, and, in some cases, controversial topics for special discussion. Box themes include: History of Psychopharmacology; Pharmacology in Action; Clinical Applications; Of Special Interest; and The Cutting Edge. 3. The book is extensively illustrated with full-color photographs and line art depicting important concepts and experimental data 4. Section Summaries highlight key concepts from the section of text just read 5. Chapter-ending Recommended Readings offer suggestions for further study And the enhanced eBook provides an interactive learning pathway through the content. Meyer, Psychopharmacology and it's accompanying enhanced ebook provide engaging features like self-study questions, and clinical case studies, cutting edge research, and applied pharmacology to keep students focused on the content, while providing the scientific depth, breadth, and rigor required for the course.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1990-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309041386

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Nutrition During Pregnancy by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation Pdf

In Part I of Nutrition During Pregnancy, the authors call for revisions in recommended weight gains for pregnant women. They explore relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight for height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother. They present specific target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. Part II addresses vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy, examining the adequacy of diet in meeting nutrient needs during pregnancy and recommending specific amounts of supplements for special circumstances. It also covers the effects of caffeine, alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and cocaine use and presents specific research recommendations.

Author : Carl P. Weiner,Catalin Buhimschi
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 1321 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2009-05-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781437721362

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Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women E-Book by Carl P. Weiner,Catalin Buhimschi Pdf

Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women, 2nd Edition, by Carl P. Weiner, MD, MBA, FACOG, and Catalin Buhimschi, MD, is a must-have reference that details how virtually all of today’s drugs and herbal supplements interact with pregnancy and lactation. Updated thoroughly and covering nearly 2,000 substances, the new edition explains whether each drug is FDA-approved for use by expecting or nursing mothers...is known to be safe for use...or is known to pose a danger. An alphabetical organization by both trade and generic name...a special index listing drugs by category...and an easy-to-read page format make reference more efficient. Describes each substance's mechanism of action, side effects, drug-drug interactions, dosage, cost of therapy, and degree of safety during pregnancy or lactation, providing the thorough details you need to choose the most effective course of treatment. Indicates not only whether the FDA has approved a drug based on clinical trials, but also whether the drug is generally considered to be safe in the absence of FDA approval. Includes over-the-counter drugs and alternative medications as well as prescription drugs, to give you a broad background of available drugs. Features an alphabetical organization by both trade and generic name...a special index listing drugs by category...and an easy-to-read page format that make reference more efficient. Uses an eye-catching icon to highlight known teratogens. Examines new drugs that have been introduced to the market since the publication of the previous edition, and presents revised or new information for all current listings, to keep you current. Provides drug interaction information to make you aware of the possible implications of using more than one drug in combination. Includes international drug names to give this reference an international perspective.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Diet and Health
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 765 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309039949

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Diet and Health by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Diet and Health Pdf

Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

Author : Peter C. Rubin,Margaret Ramsey
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2008-04-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780470695555

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Prescribing in Pregnancy by Peter C. Rubin,Margaret Ramsey Pdf

This thoroughly revised edition of Prescribing in Pregnancy is a practical and authoritative guide for all doctors who prescribe for pregnant women. Covering both the prescribing of drugs for common conditions in pregnant women and the effect of different drugs on pregnancy, the fourth edition now also features: strengthened evidence for the prescribing regimens updated prescribing information throughout a new user-friendly design Written by leading specialists, Prescribing in Pregnancy covers the common medical problems encountered in pregnancy, and includes information on travel medicine, breast feeding and the management of drug and alcohol abuse. The fourth edition of this comprehensive and relevant book is an invaluable reference for the busy doctor, on the wards and in general practice.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1999-08-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309172769

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Committee on Military Nutrition Research by Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research Pdf

The activities of the Food and Nutrition Board's Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR, the committee) have been supported since 1994 by grant DAMD17-94-J-4046 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC). This report fulfills the final reporting requirement of the grant, and presents a summary of activities for the grant period from December 1, 1994 through May 31, 1999. During this grant period, the CMNR has met from three to six times each year in response to issues that are brought to the committee through the Military Nutrition and Biochemistry Division of the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine at Natick, Massachusetts, and the Military Operational Medicine Program of USAMRMC at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The CMNR has submitted five workshop reports (plus two preliminary reports), including one that is a joint project with the Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women; three letter reports, and one brief report, all with recommendations, to the Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, since September 1995 and has a brief report currently in preparation. These reports are summarized in the following activity report with synopses of additional topics for which reports were deferred pending completion of military research in progress. This activity report includes as appendixes the conclusions and recommendations from the nine reports and has been prepared in a fashion to allow rapid access to committee recommendations on the topics covered over the time period.

Author : Benjamin Ewert,Kathrin Loer
Publisher : Springer
Page : 109 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319983165

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Behavioural Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention by Benjamin Ewert,Kathrin Loer Pdf

Policy-making in public health is highly complex, which is one reason why the behavioural turn is now playing a significant role in this field. Against this backdrop, this book aims to develop a theoretical understanding of how policymakers take up public health challenges and how policies change over the course of time. Accordingly, the book reveals policy-makers' underlying assumptions, which influence the way in which public policy seeks to promote the health status of citizens. In a second step, the book presents a typology of policy instruments and applies this to the field of health promotion. This typology introduces an option that adds behaviourally informed insights to the toolbox of political analysis. Empirical evidence of behavioural health policies can be found in various countries around the world, and the book presents both relevant country studies and examples from the supra- and international level. Finally, the book discusses the implications of the rise of behavioural health policies, proposes a specific concept of health citizenship and reviews state-citizen relations. The book is useful for academics from health-related disciplines, such as political science, sociology, and public health, as well as for policy-makers, practitioners and students.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 791 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2007-05-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309101592

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Preterm Birth by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes Pdf

The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of particular interest to health care professionals, public health officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science researchers.

Author : Jack E. James
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015024765953

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Caffeine and Health by Jack E. James Pdf

Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world. The complexity and diversity of its effects have challenged the investigatory skills of generations of scientists. Caffeine's implications for health have been considered from a plethora of disciplinary perspectives, with the result that research findings are scattered across a daunting array of scientific periodicals and specialist texts. This book provides a comprehensive assessment of the complex behavioral and biomedical effects of caffeine on health. The clear, lucid text conveys a wealth of information of interest to specialists, health practitioners, and scientists involved in health matters. Single-authored text, written in a clear, readable style Appeals to scientists generally as part of the current interest in health matters, as well as to its specialist audience Provides a comprehensive review of the complex and diverse effects of caffeine on the human body

Author : Jeffrey K. Aronson
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 694 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2005-11-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0080459501

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Side Effects of Drugs Annual by Jeffrey K. Aronson Pdf

Volume 28 in the series of Side Effects of Drugs Annuals (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/series/seda) continues to serve its primary goal: to provide clinicians and medical investigators with a reliable and critical yearly survey of new data and trends in the area of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. An international team of specialists has reviewed new data and trends by selecting from the year's writing all that is truly new and informative, by critically interpreting it, and by pointing to whatever is unproven or misleading. The use of the book is enhanced by separate indexes, allowing the reader to access the text via drug name, adverse effect, or drug interaction. The current annual includes an essay by the editor, Dr Jeffrey Aronson, entitled 'Classifying Drug Adverse Reactions in the 21st Century.' In it he describes how the modern approach to classifying adverse drug reactions takes into account the dose that causes the reaction, the time-course of the reaction, and the susceptibility factors that increase the individual patient's risk, and shows how this analysis can facilitate regulatory decision making. Provides a critical yearly survey of new data and trends Includes an essay that describes the modern approach to classifying adverse drug reactions Special reviews in this Annual include, among other topics: Antipsychotic drugs and now-onset diabetes mellitus, Treating asthma during pregnancy, and MMR vaccine and autism