The Roles Of Affect And Ambiquity On Biased Processing

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The Cognitive and Neural Organisation of Speech Processing

Author : Patti Adank,Carolyn McGettigan,Sonja A E Kotz
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2016-03-18
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889197750

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The Cognitive and Neural Organisation of Speech Processing by Patti Adank,Carolyn McGettigan,Sonja A E Kotz Pdf

Speech production and perception are two of the most complex actions humans perform. The processing of speech is studied across various fields and using a wide variety of research approaches. These fields include, but are not limited to, (socio)linguistics, phonetics, cognitive psychology, neurophysiology, and cognitive neuroscience. Research approaches range from behavioural studies to neuroimaging techniques such as Magnetoencephalography, electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), as well as neurophysiological approaches, such as the recording of Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Each of these approaches provides valuable information about specific aspects of speech processing. Behavioural testing can inform about the nature of the cognitive processes involved in speech processing, neuroimaging methods show where (fMRI and MEG) in the brain these processes take place and/or elucidate on the time-course of activation of these brain areas (EEG and MEG), while neurophysiological methods (MEPs and TMS) can assess critical involvement of brain regions in the cognitive process. Yet, what is currently unclear is how speech researchers can combine methods such that a convergent approach adds to theory/model formulation, above and beyond the contribution of individual component methods? We expect that such combinations of approaches will significantly forward theoretical development in the field. The present research topic comprise a collection of manuscripts discussing the cognitive and neural organisation of speech processing, including speech production and perception at the level of individual speech sounds, syllables, words, and sentences. Our goal was to use findings from a variety of disciplines, perspectives, and approaches to gain a more complete picture of the organisation of speech processing. The contributions are grouped around the following five main themes: 1) Spoken language comprehension under difficult listening conditions; 2) Sub-lexical processing; 3) Sensorimotor processing of speech; 4) Speech production. The contributions used a variety of research approaches, including behavioural experiments, fMRI, EEG, MEG, and TMS. Twelve of the 14 contributions were on speech perception processing, and the remaining two examined speech production. This Research Topic thus displays a wide variety of topics and research methods and this comprehensive approach allows an integrative understanding of currently available evidence as well as the identification of concrete venues for future research.

Perspectives on Sentence Processing

Author : Charles Clifton, Jr.,Lyn Frazier,Keith Rayner,Charles Clifton
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 549 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2015-12-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781317780588

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Perspectives on Sentence Processing by Charles Clifton, Jr.,Lyn Frazier,Keith Rayner,Charles Clifton Pdf

One of the liveliest forums for sharing psychological, linguistic, philosophical, and computer science perspectives on psycholinguistics has been the annual meeting of the CUNY Sentence Processing Conference. Documenting the state of the art in several important approaches to sentence processing, this volume consists of selected papers that had been presented at the Sixth CUNY Conference. The editors not only present the main themes that ran through the conference but also honor the breadth of the presentations from disciplines including linguistics, experimental psychology, and computer science. The variety of sentence processing topics examined includes: * how evoked brain potentials reflect sentence comprehension * how auditory words are processed * how various sources of grammatical and nongrammatical information are coordinated and used * how sentence processing and language acquisition might be related. This distinctive volume not only presents the most exciting current work in sentence processing, but also places this research into the broader context of theorizing about it.

Beyond Nature-Nurture

Author : Michael Tomasello,Dan Isaac Slobin
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2004-09-22
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781135611118

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Beyond Nature-Nurture by Michael Tomasello,Dan Isaac Slobin Pdf

Beyond Nature-Nurture: Essays in Honor of Elizabeth Bates is a very special tribute to the University of California at San Diego psycholinguist, developmental psychologist, and cognitive scientist Elizabeth Ann Bates, who died on December 14, 2003 from pancreatic cancer. Liz was a force of nature; she was also a nurturing force, as is evidenced by this collaborative collection of chapters written by many of her closest colleagues and former students. The book covers a brilliant career of wide-ranging interdisciplinary interests, such as the brain bases of language in children and adults; language and cognitive development in normal and neurologically impaired populations of children; real-time language processing in monolinguals and bilinguals; and crosslinguistic comparisons of language development, language use, and language loss. In this volume the contributors provide up-to-date reviews of these and other areas of research in an attempt to continue in the directions in which she has pointed us. The genius of Bates is founded on a deep dedication to science, supported by an enduring sense of humor. The volume is introduced by the editors' collection of "Bates's aphorisms," the wisdom of which guide much of the field today: "[T]he human capacity for language could be both innate and species-specific, and yet involve no mechanisms that evolved specifically and uniquely for language itself. Language could be viewed as a new machine constructed entirely out of old parts." (Bates & MacWhinney, 1989) The volume also contains a list of her many important publications, as well as some personal reflections of some of the contributors, noting ways in which she made a difference in their lives. Beyond Nature-Nurture: Essays in Honor of Elizabeth Bates appeals to international scholars in the fields of developmental psycholinguistics, cognitive science, crosslinguistic research, and both child and adult language disorders. It is a state-of-the-art overview of many areas of cognitive science, and can be used in a graduate-level classroom in courses designed as seminars in any of these topics.

Resolving Semantic Ambiguity

Author : David S. Gorfein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781461235965

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Resolving Semantic Ambiguity by David S. Gorfein Pdf

Resolving Semantic Ambiguity arrrays the work of leading theorists on the issues surrounding the meaning and interpretation of ambiguous text. The chapters are organized around three major themes: (1) retrieval, (2) representation of words, and (3) text as a context. The book offers a number of new challenges to the role of context in language processing, some striking new evidence on the repetition of homographs in different contexts, and new approaches to resolution capable of being incorporated into either modular or network models. In several papers the problem of ambiguity is extended to include the problem of weak ambiguity and understanding text themes. The book provides a unique starting point for researchers approaching the problems of meaning in cognitive science, psychology, and computational linguistics.

Handbook of Attitudes, Volume 2: Applications

Author : Dolores Albarracin,Blair T. Johnson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-10
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781351712347

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Handbook of Attitudes, Volume 2: Applications by Dolores Albarracin,Blair T. Johnson Pdf

Attitudes are evaluations of people, places, things, and ideas. They help us to navigate through a complex world. They provide guidance for decisions about which products to buy, how to travel to work, or where to go on vacation. They color our perceptions of others. Carefully crafted interventions can change attitudes and behavior. Yet attitudes, beliefs, and behavior are often formed and changed in casual social exchanges. The mere perception that other people—say, rich people— favor something may be sufficient to make another person favor it. People’s own actions also influence their attitudes, such that they adjust to be more supportive of the actions. People’s belief systems even change to align with and support their preferences, which at its extreme is a form of denial for which people lack awareness. These two volumes of The Handbook of Attitudes provide authoritative, critical surveys of theory and research about attitudes, beliefs, persuasion, and behavior from key authors in these areas. This second volume covers applications to measurement, behavior prediction, and interventions in the areas of cancer, HIV, substance use, diet, and exercise, as well as in politics, intergroup relations, aggression, migrations, advertising, accounting, education, and the environment.

Interpretational Processing Biases in Emotional Psychopathology

Author : Marcella L. Woud
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2023-03-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783031236501

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Interpretational Processing Biases in Emotional Psychopathology by Marcella L. Woud Pdf

The primary aim of this book is to bridge the gap between lab-based and clinical research by disseminating the latest interdisciplinary scientific findings on interpretational processing biases in the context of emotional psychopathology. It is designed to help the practitioner by drawing explicit links between the basic science and implications for clinical practice. This enables an enhanced interaction between science and practice, strengthening bi-directional translational links, and the potential to produce more meaningful and significant advances in the treatment of emotional psychopathology. This in turn will facilitate an innovative step-change in the area of both research and clinical practice. The book focuses on cognitive processing biases that are common across a wide range of psychological disorders, meaning that the conclusions drawn have relevance across the whole spectrum of psychopathology and will stimulate and inspire a broad range of discussions and future work. From the foreword by Nikolaos Kazantzis: "The practice of CBT is complex and requires a tailored approach. Every technique has a specific target but may be used for multiple purposes simultaneously in support of the client’s therapeutic goals. The purpose of Dr. Woud’s book is to elucidate the ways in which interpretational biases can be a focus of intervention for CBT therapists at all stages of professional development, from those undertaking training to master clinicians. Dr. Woud has succeeded admirably in this regard."

Lexical Ambiguity Resolution

Author : Steven L. Small,Garrison W Cottrell,Michael K Tanenhaus
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 518 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780080510132

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Lexical Ambiguity Resolution by Steven L. Small,Garrison W Cottrell,Michael K Tanenhaus Pdf

The most frequently used words in English are highly ambiguous; for example, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary lists 94 meanings for the word "run" as a verb alone. Yet people rarely notice this ambiguity. Solving this puzzle has commanded the efforts of cognitive scientists for many years. The solution most often identified is "context": we use the context of utterance to determine the proper meanings of words and sentences. The problem then becomes specifying the nature of context and how it interacts with the rest of an understanding system. The difficulty becomes especially apparent in the attempt to write a computer program to understand natural language. Lexical ambiguity resolution (LAR), then, is one of the central problems in natural language and computational semantics research. A collection of the best research on LAR available, this volume offers eighteen original papers by leading scientists. Part I, Computer Models, describes nine attempts to discover the processes necessary for disambiguation by implementing programs to do the job. Part II, Empirical Studies, goes into the laboratory setting to examine the nature of the human disambiguation mechanism and the structure of ambiguity itself. A primary goal of this volume is to propose a cognitive science perspective arising out of the conjunction of work and approaches from neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and artificial intelligence--thereby encouraging a closer cooperation and collaboration among these fields. Lexical Ambiguity Resolution is a valuable and accessible source book for students and cognitive scientists in AI, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, or theoretical linguistics.

Advances in Experimental Social Psychology

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780128003589

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Advances in Experimental Social Psychology by Anonim Pdf

Advances in Experimental Social Psychology continues to be one of the most sought after and most often cited series in this field. Containing contributions of major empirical and theoretical interest, this series represents the best and the brightest in new research, theory, and practice in social psychology. This serial is part of the Social Sciences package on ScienceDirect. Visit info.sciencedirect.com for more information. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology is available online on ScienceDirect - full-text online of volume 32 onward. Elsevier book series on ScienceDirect gives multiple users throughout an institution simultaneous online access to an important complement to primary research. Digital delivery ensures users reliable, 24-hour access to the latest peer-reviewed content. The Elsevier book series are compiled and written by the most highly regarded authors in their fields and are selected from across the globe using Elsevier’s extensive researcher network. For more information about the Elsevier Book Series on ScienceDirect Program, please visit info.sciencedirect.com/bookseries/. One of the most sought after and most often cited series in this field Contains contributions of major empirical and theoretical interest Represents the best and the brightest in new research, theory, and practice in social psychology

The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics

Author : M. Gareth Gaskell,Gerry Altmann,Gerry T. M. Altmann
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 880 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0198568975

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The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics by M. Gareth Gaskell,Gerry Altmann,Gerry T. M. Altmann Pdf

The 'Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics' brings together the views of 75 leading researchers in psycholinguistics to provide a comprehensive and authoritative review of the current state of the art in psycholinguistics. The range and depth of coverage is unequalled.

Explicit and Implicit Prosody in Sentence Processing

Author : Lyn Frazier,Edward Gibson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2015-06-23
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783319129617

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Explicit and Implicit Prosody in Sentence Processing by Lyn Frazier,Edward Gibson Pdf

Top researchers in prosody and psycholinguistics present their research and their views on the role of prosody in processing speech and also its role in reading. The volume characterizes the state of the art in an important area of psycholinguistics. How are general constraints on prosody (‘timing’) and intonation (‘melody’) used to constrain the parsing and interpretation of spoken language? How are they used to assign a default prosody/intonation in silent reading, and more generally what is the role of phonology in reading? Prosody and intonation interact with phonology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics and thus are at the very core of language processes.

Bilingual Sentence Processing

Author : Roberto Heredia,J. Altarriba
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2002-07-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0080500099

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Bilingual Sentence Processing by Roberto Heredia,J. Altarriba Pdf

Bilingual Sentence Processing

An Introduction to Social Psychology

Author : Miles Hewstone,Wolfgang Stroebe,Klaus Jonas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781118823538

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An Introduction to Social Psychology by Miles Hewstone,Wolfgang Stroebe,Klaus Jonas Pdf

For over 25 years An Introduction to Social Psychology has been combining traditional academic rigor with a contemporary level of cohesion, accessibility, pedagogy and instructor support to provide a definitive guide to the engaging and ever-evolving field of social psychology. This sixth edition, completely revised and updated to reflect current issues and underlying theory in the field, has been specially designed to meet the needs of students at all levels, with contributions written by leading psychologists, each an acknowledged expert in the topics covered in a given chapter. The text benefits hugely from an updated range of innovative pedagogical features intended to catch the imagination, combined with a rigorous editorial approach, which results in a cohesive and uniform style accessible to all. Each chapter addresses both major themes and key studies, showing how the relevant field of research has developed over time and linking classic and contemporary perspectives.

Basic Functions of Language, Reading and Reading Disability

Author : Evelin Witruk,Angela D. Friederici,Thomas Lachmann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2002-05-31
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1402070276

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Basic Functions of Language, Reading and Reading Disability by Evelin Witruk,Angela D. Friederici,Thomas Lachmann Pdf

This highly interdisciplinary project presents new results and the state of the art of knowledge in the psychology and neurophysiology of language, reading and dyslexia. It concentrates on basic cognitive functions of understanding and producing language and disorders within its spoken and written execution. The book grew out of the Basic Mechanisms of Language and Language Disorders conference (Leipzig, Sept. 1999).

Cognition, Emotion and Psychopathology

Author : Jenny Yiend
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2004-10-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0521541743

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Cognition, Emotion and Psychopathology by Jenny Yiend Pdf

An account of the cognitive-clinical literature sets the agenda for future research.