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Author : Almut Balleer,Thijs Van Rens, 1973-,Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departament d'Economia i Empresa
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:425686666
Author : Eli Berman,John Bound,Stephen Machin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Cambio tecnologico
ISBN : STANFORD:36105021150201
Demand for less skilled workers decreased dramatically in the US and in other developed countries over the past two decades. We argue that pervasive skill-biased technological change rather than increased trade with the developing world is the principal culprit. The pervasiveness of this technological change is important for two reasons. First, it is an immediate and testable implication of technological change. Second, under standard assumptions, the more pervasive the skill-biased technological change the greater the increase in the embodied supply of less skilled workers and the greater the depressing effect on their relative wages through world goods prices. In contrast, in the Heckscher-Ohlin model with small open economies, the skill-bias of local technological changes does not affect wages. Thus, pervasiveness deals with a major criticism of skill-biased technological change as a cause. Testing the implications of pervasive, skill-biased technological change we find strong supporting evidence. First, across the OECD, most industries have increased the proportion of skilled workers employed despite rising or stable relative wages. Second, increases in demand for skills were concentrated in the same manufacturing industries in different developed countries.
Author : Mr.Alberto Behar
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 31 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2013-02-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475536959
This paper draws on existing empirical literature and an original theoretical model to argue that globalization and skill supply affect the extent to which technology adoption in developing countries favors skilled workers. Developing countries are experiencing technical change that is skill-biased because skill-biased technologies are becoming relatively cheaper. Increased skill supply further biases technical change in favor of skilled labor. Free trade induces technology that favors skilled workers in skill-abundant developing countries and that favors unskilled workers in skill-scarce developing countries, and therefore amplifies the predicted wage effects of trade liberalization. These features aid our understanding of the observed rises in inequality within developing countries and the absence of a significant downward effect of expanded educational attainment on skill premia. They also help account for the large and differential effects of trade liberalization on inequality. These findings are pertinent for the Middle East and North Africa because of its recent increase in trade openness and remarkable rise in educational attainment.
Author : Sharon Block,Benjamin H. Harris
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-06
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780815738817
Exploring a new agenda to improve outcomes for American workers As the United States continues to struggle with the impact of the devastating COVID-19 recession, policymakers have an opportunity to redress the competition problems in our labor markets. Making the right policy choices, however, requires a deep understanding of long-term, multidimensional problems. That will be solved only by looking to the failures and unrealized opportunities in anti-trust and labor law. For decades, competition in the U.S. labor market has declined, with the result that American workers have experienced slow wage growth and diminishing job quality. While sluggish productivity growth, rising globalization, and declining union representation are traditionally cited as factors for this historic imbalance in economic power, weak competition in the labor market is increasingly being recognized as a factor as well. This book by noted experts frames the legal and economic consequences of this imbalance and presents a series of urgently needed reforms of both labor and anti-trust laws to improve outcomes for American workers. These include higher wages, safer workplaces, increased ability to report labor violations, greater mobility, more opportunities for workers to build power, and overall better labor protections. Inequality and the Labor Market will interest anyone who cares about building a progressive economic agenda or who has a marked interest in labor policy. It also will appeal to anyone hoping to influence or anticipate the much-needed progressive agenda for the United States. The book’s unusual scope provides prescriptions that, as Nobel Laureate Joseph Stiglitz notes in the introduction, map a path for rebalancing power, not just in our economy but in our democracy.
Author : Oded Galor,Omer Moav
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Economic development
ISBN : UVA:X006077818
Author : Pierre-Richard Agénor,Mr.Joshua Aizenman
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1994-09-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451853407
This paper examines the effect of skill-biased technological change on the structure of wages, the composition of employment and the level of unemployment in a two-sector economy with a heterogenous work force. Efficiency wage considerations and minimum wage legislation lead to labor market segmentation. A technological shock that reduces the demand for unskilled labor and raises the demand for skilled labor in the primary, high-wage sector is shown to increase the relative wage of skilled workers and reduce aggregate employment as well as the employment level of unskilled workers in that sector. The net effect of the shock on the employment level of skilled workers is mitigated by the existence of efficiency factors.
Author : Kankesu Jayanthakumaran,Reetu Verma,Guanghua Wan,Edgar Wilson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9811315361
This book is Open Access under a CC BY license. This volume offers an essential resource for economic policymakers as well as students of development economics focusing on the interrelationships of migration, urbanization and poverty in Asia. The continent’s recent demographic transitions and rural-urban structural transformations are extraordinary, and involve complexities that require in-depth study. The chapters within this volume examine those complexities using a range of traditional and non-traditional measures, such as multidimensional poverty, gaps and polarization, to arrive at the conclusion that poverty is now an urban issue. In short, the book will help students of development economics and policymakers understand the interrelationships between internal migration, urbanization and poverty, paving the way for the improved management of internal migration and disadvantaged and vulnerable populations.
Author : Orley Ashenfelter,David Card
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 800 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1999-11-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0444501894
A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics.
Author : Mr. Alberto Behar
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2023-08-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400250514
We develop a model of endogenous skill-biased technical change in developing countries. The endogenous response to a rise in skill supply counters the traditional substitution effect and dampens its role in reducing wage inequality. The model re-enforces consensus estimates of the elasticity of substitution between more/less educated workers by reconciling dispersed existing estimates. It also rationalizes estimates that were hitherto deemed implausible or model-inconsistent. We produce new estimates for developing countries with a novel global panel (finding values at or just above 2) and with Latin American data that facilitates analysis of dynamics (which reduce estimates to 1.7-1.8). We therefore shed new light on a parameter that is crucial for inequality, growth, and other key macroeconomic questions.
Author : Mark Sanders
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 178195903X
The position of low skilled workers in the labor market has deteriorated significantly over the past three decades. What has caused this deterioration in low skilled labor demand and what can explain the different labor market responses throughout the OECD? Mark Sanders addresses these questions and evaluates proposed policies to improve upon the present situation and prevent further deterioration in the future. The author develops a theoretical framework that produces two hypotheses to explain the shift in relative demand as well as the different ways in which this shift has manifested itself. The framework is then extended by introducing unemployment, and additional hypotheses are proposed to explain the main EU-US differences. The dynamics thus uncovered yield somewhat unorthodox policy implications on income-, labor market and technology policies in Europe and the US. This comprehensive book will appeal to both scholars and academics, while graduate and PhD-students looking for an accessible introduction to modeling the dynamics of technical change and its interactions with the labor market will find it of great interest.
Author : Claudia Goldin,Lawrence F. Katz
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2010-03-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780674037731
This book provides a careful historical analysis of the co-evolution of educational attainment and the wage structure in the United States through the twentieth century. The authors propose that the twentieth century was not only the American Century but also the Human Capital Century. That is, the American educational system is what made America the richest nation in the world. Its educational system had always been less elite than that of most European nations. By 1900 the U.S. had begun to educate its masses at the secondary level, not just in the primary schools that had remarkable success in the nineteenth century. The book argues that technological change, education, and inequality have been involved in a kind of race. During the first eight decades of the twentieth century, the increase of educated workers was higher than the demand for them. This had the effect of boosting income for most people and lowering inequality. However, the reverse has been true since about 1980. This educational slowdown was accompanied by rising inequality. The authors discuss the complex reasons for this, and what might be done to ameliorate it.
Author : Almut Balleer,Thijs van Rens
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:743283692
Author : Donald S. Siegel
Publisher : W. E. Upjohn Institute
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015047730026
Based on a survey of 79 manufacturing firms in the Long Island area, discusses the labour market effects of implementing new manufacturing technologies and changes in human resources management.
Author : Martin Daniel Kaufman,Martin David Kaufman,Steven Vincent Dunaway,Rodolfo Luzio
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2001-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822031307176
This paper presents a simple framework that illustrates the link between skill-based wage differentiation and human capital acquisition given skill-biased technical progress. The analysis points to the economic costs resulting from labor market and income redistribution policies that prevent the skill premium from playing its role in fostering human capital accumulation and the adoption of new technologies. The study compares key economic indicators among Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Differences in wage differen-tiation and investment in new technologies among these countries could be related to policies affecting labor markets; such practices may reflect social choices.
Author : Philippe Aghion,Steven Durlauf
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 1176 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780444535474
Volumes 2A and 2B of The Handbook of Economic Growth summarize recent advances in theoretical and empirical work while offering new perspectives on a range of growth mechanisms, from the roles played by institutions and organizations to the ways factors beyond capital accumulation and technological change can affect growth. Written by research leaders, the chapters summarize and evaluate recent advances while explaining where further research might be profitable. With analyses that are provocative and controversial because they are so directly relevant to public policy and private decision-making, these two volumes uphold the standard for excellence in applied economics set by Volumes 1A and 1B (2005). Offers definitive theoretical and empirical scholarship about growth economics Empowers readers to evaluate the work of other economists and to plan their own research projects Demonstrates the value of empirical testing, with its implicit conclusion that our understanding of economic growth will help everyone make better decisions