Three Arguments Against Whole Language Why They Are Wrong

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Three Arguments Against Whole Language & why They are Wrong

Author : Stephen D. Krashen
Publisher : Heinemann Educational Books
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Education
ISBN : UOM:39015050121170

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Three Arguments Against Whole Language & why They are Wrong by Stephen D. Krashen Pdf

Stephen Krashen, one of the country's most respected authorities on language and literacy, sets the record straight about today's reading wars, offering an incisive analysis of the three major "battle cries" of whole language critics. In a step-by-step dissection, Krashen reiterates the three arguments, then explores the most salient studies that support or refute them. CLAIM: Eye movement studies prove that readers assay text "completely," and therefore do not sample text to confirm predictions, as maintained by whole language advocates. In exploring the Eye Fixation Studies, which attempted to disprove the Goodman-Smith reading theory, Krashen reveals that study participants had no alternative but to examine every fine detail of the print. Further evidence is provided that supports the hypothesis that literacy development and comprehension are in fact closely related. CLAIM: Context interferes with reading. This is only true, says Krashen, if the context (e.g. pictures) is too rich, or "overdetermining." We also see how the results of studies supporting this claim were biased by the methodology used. CLAIM: Skill-building approaches to reading have been shown to produce better results than whole language. In fact, asserts Krashen, when whole language is correctly defined as providing comprehensible texts, it is a consistent winner. The author also skewers the national frenzy over early intervention and illustrates his point with a humorous scenario showing how "prenatal phonemic awareness testing" could be the logical outgrowth of an entirely skills-based approach! But beyond its point/counterpoint format, Three Arguments offers some real solutions, chief of which is making sure that all children have access to interesting reading material so they can finally achieve the standards of literacy they deserve.

Three Arguments Against Whole Language & why They are Wrong

Author : Stephen D. Krashen
Publisher : Heinemann Educational Books
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Education
ISBN : 0325001197

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Three Arguments Against Whole Language & why They are Wrong by Stephen D. Krashen Pdf

Stephen Krashen, one of the country's most respected authorities on language and literacy, sets the record straight about today's reading wars, offering an incisive analysis of the three major "battle cries" of whole language critics. In a step-by-step dissection, Krashen reiterates the three arguments, then explores the most salient studies that support or refute them. CLAIM: Eye movement studies prove that readers assay text "completely," and therefore do not sample text to confirm predictions, as maintained by whole language advocates. In exploring the Eye Fixation Studies, which attempted to disprove the Goodman-Smith reading theory, Krashen reveals that study participants had no alternative but to examine every fine detail of the print. Further evidence is provided that supports the hypothesis that literacy development and comprehension are in fact closely related. CLAIM: Context interferes with reading. This is only true, says Krashen, if the context (e.g. pictures) is too rich, or "overdetermining." We also see how the results of studies supporting this claim were biased by the methodology used. CLAIM: Skill-building approaches to reading have been shown to produce better results than whole language. In fact, asserts Krashen, when whole language is correctly defined as providing comprehensible texts, it is a consistent winner. The author also skewers the national frenzy over early intervention and illustrates his point with a humorous scenario showing how "prenatal phonemic awareness testing" could be the logical outgrowth of an entirely skills-based approach! But beyond its point/counterpoint format, Three Arguments offers some real solutions, chief of which is making sure that all children have access to interesting reading material so they can finally achieve the standards of literacy they deserve.

Language, Power and Pedagogy

Author : Jim Cummins
Publisher : Multilingual Matters
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2000-09-22
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781853594748

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Language, Power and Pedagogy by Jim Cummins Pdf

Population mobility is at an all-time high in human history. One result of this unprecedented movement of peoples around the world is that in many school systems monolingual and monocultural students are the exception rather than the rule, particularly in urban areas. This shift in demographic realities entails enormous challenges for educators and policy-makers. What do teachers need to know in order to teach effectively in linguistically and culturally diverse contexts? How long does it take second language learners to acquire proficiency in the language of school instruction? What are the differences between attaining conversational fluency in everyday contexts and developing proficiency in the language registers required for academic success? What adjustments do we need to make in curriculum, instruction and assessment to ensure that second-language learners understand what is being taught and are assessed in a fair and equitable manner? How long do we need to wait before including second-language learners in high-stakes national examinations and assessments? What role (if any) should be accorded students’ first language in the curriculum? Do bilingual education programs work well for poor children from minority-language backgrounds or should they be reserved only for middle-class children from the majority or dominant group? In addressing these issues, this volume focuses not only on issues of language learning and teaching but also highlights the ways in which power relations in the wider society affect patterns of teacher–student interaction in the classroom. Effective instruction will inevitably challenge patterns of coercive power relations in both school and society.

Bilingual Competence and Bilingual Proficiency in Child Development

Author : Norbert Francis
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 411 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2011-11-18
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780262297486

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Bilingual Competence and Bilingual Proficiency in Child Development by Norbert Francis Pdf

A study of first and second language development in an indigenous community with implications for broader linguistic and cognitive issues. When two or more languages are part of a child's world, we are presented with a rich opportunity to learn something about language in general and about how the mind works. In this book, Norbert Francis examines the development of bilingual proficiency and the different kinds of competence that come together in making up its component parts. In particular, he explores problems of language ability when children use two languages for tasks related to schooling, especially in learning how to read and write. He considers both broader research issues and findings from an ongoing investigation of child bilingualism in an indigenous language–speaking community in Mexico. This special sociolinguistic context allows for a unique perspective on some of the central themes of bilingualism research today, including the distinction between competence and proficiency, modularity, and the Poverty of Stimulus problem. Francis proposes that competence (knowledge) should be considered as an integral component of proficiency (ability) rather than something separate and apart, arguing that this approach allows for a more inclusive assessment of research findings from diverse fields of study. The bilingual indigenous language project illustrates how the concepts of modularity and the competence-proficiency distinction in particular might be applied to problems of language learning and literacy. Few investigations of indigenous language and culture approach bilingual research problems from a cognitive science perspective. By suggesting connections to broader cognitive and linguistic issues, Francis points the way to further research along these lines.

Contemporary Readings in Literacy Education

Author : Marva Cappello,Barbara Moss
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2009-12-08
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781412965910

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Contemporary Readings in Literacy Education by Marva Cappello,Barbara Moss Pdf

Contemporary Readings in Literacy Education is designed to provide students with high-quality journal and research articles in literacy education. The readings are contextualized with introductions and discussion questions by the editors of the text. The text will help instructors to easily integrate the latest research into their course in a meaningful way. This reader, with edited content and contextualizing material, makes the latest research more interesting and accessible to the students of literacy education.

Language, Literacy, and Power in Schooling

Author : T. L. McCarty
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2006-04-21
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781135621834

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Language, Literacy, and Power in Schooling by T. L. McCarty Pdf

This text brings critical ethnographic perspectives to bear on the negotiation of language, literacy, and power in culturally and linguistically diverse contexts, showing how literacy and schooling are negotiated by children and adults and how schooling becomes a key site of struggle over whose knowledge, discourses, and literacy practices "count."

The Power of Reading

Author : Stephen D. Krashen
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2004-08-19
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780313053351

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The Power of Reading by Stephen D. Krashen Pdf

Continuing the case for free voluntary reading set out in the book's 1993 first edition, this new, updated, and much-looked-for second edition explores new research done on the topic in the last ten years as well as looking anew at some of the original research reviewed. Krashen also explores research surrounding the role of school and public libraries and the research indicating the necessity of a print-rich environment that provides light reading (comics, teen romances, magazines) as well as the best in literature to assist in educating children to read with understanding and in second language acquisition. He looks at the research surrounding reading incentive/rewards programs and specifically at the research on AR (Accelerated Reader) and other electronic reading products.

Reconceptualizing Literacy in the New Age of Multiculturalism and Pluralism

Author : Patricia Ruggiano Schmidt,Peter B. Mosenthal
Publisher : IAP
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2001-07-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781607529439

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Reconceptualizing Literacy in the New Age of Multiculturalism and Pluralism by Patricia Ruggiano Schmidt,Peter B. Mosenthal Pdf

This book offers a array of essays with challenging ideas and provoking new analyses of power asymmetries, multiple epistemologies and vital con-cerns for the education of a different America, the America of new immi-grants, people of color with other cultures, languages and values. The new American that many want to ignore and is becoming the only America. This book also forces us to reflect on the educational challenges we must face, especially in teacher education and the preparation of intellectual leaders. None of the major agenda items associated with a new era of social justice can be either comprehended or accomplished without a profound understanding of multicultural literacy, and of its relationship to ethnic, racial, cultural and linguistic diversity. While in previous decades we used frequently a rhetoric of multiculturalism (at a safe distance), today we are living multiculturalism and practicing ethnic, cultural and racial diversity in our daily lives as we seek a marriage partner, a business associate, a friend, a church. Most of all, we must live multiculturalism as we go school and see children’s faces. There is no way to escape the reality of ethnic, racial and linguistic diversity as it comes entangled with many other cul-tural and class differences between and within each group we encounter. Suddenly, an abrupt awakening for many mainstream educators, what was peculiar of some areas in the Southwest, has become common scenario in most metropolis and large cities. The present volume brings us face to face with issues and challenges we can no longer sweep under the rug. This outstanding volume lays down a solid general conceptual foundation that permits us to link our theoretical past with the post-modern era. It also provides a clear context for the dis-cussion of contrasting notions of monocultural literacy and the relation-ship of literacy and power. The volume goes on to deal with the relationship of literacy and culture (actually to specific cultures, especially African American). At this point the discourse turns to strategies for incor-porating minority perspectives into the literacy curriculum and including the home cultures of disenfranchised peoples. The last section of the book offers help on the practical issues of teacher education for student popula-tions often ignored, and linkages between schools and homes in order to empower the disenfranchised and isolated.

Widening the Circle

Author : Beverly J. Klug,Patricia T. Whitfield
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2012-11-12
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781136063381

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Widening the Circle by Beverly J. Klug,Patricia T. Whitfield Pdf

Recognizing the need for a pedagogy that better serves American Indian students, Beverly J. Klug and Patricia T. Whitfield construct a pedagogical model that blends native and non-native worldviews and methods. Among the building blocks of this new, culturally relevant education are language-based approaches to literacy development, the use of oral histories to supplement traditional texts, and a re-evaluation of the knowledge base these students need for success in tribal enterprises.

Dimensions of Literacy

Author : Stephen B. Kucer
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2004-12-13
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781135613297

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Dimensions of Literacy by Stephen B. Kucer Pdf

This popular text examines literacy from a multidimensional and interdisciplinary perspective. It "unpackages" the various dimensions of literacy--linguistic, cognitive, sociocultural, and developmental--and at the same time accounts for the interrelationships among them. The goal is to provide a conceptual foundation upon which literacy curriculum and instruction in school settings can be grounded.

Resources in Education

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Education
ISBN : MINN:30000007201357

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Resources in Education by Anonim Pdf

Assessing Readers

Author : Rona Flippo
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2014-01-23
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781136311758

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Assessing Readers by Rona Flippo Pdf

A Co-publication of Routledge and the International Reading Association This new edition of Assessing Readers continues to bridge the gap between authentic, informal, and formative assessments, and more traditional quantitative, and summative assessment approaches. At the heart of the book is respect and confidence in the capabilities of knowledgeable teachers to make the correct literacy decisions for the students they teach based on appropriate assessments. Inclusive and practical, it supports individual classroom teachers' knowledge, beliefs, decisions, and roles and offers specific assessment, instruction, and organizational ideas and strategies, while incorporating a range of perspectives that inform the field of reading and literacy education, covering the most important ideas and information found in more traditional reading diagnosis books. Changes in the Second Edition Addresses the Common Core State Standards Includes Response to Intervention (RTI) Discusses family literacy in language-diverse homes and the needs of ELL students Covers formative assessment Offers ideas and guidelines for ELL assessment Looks at issues of accountability and teaching to prescribed state tests and objectives versus accommodating to them – the pitfalls and problems and how to cope Provides new practical examples, including new rubrics, more teacher-developed cognitive assessments, a new case study, and new teacher-developed strategy lessons

Systemization in Foreign Language Teaching

Author : Wilfried Decoo
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2011-06-23
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781134233410

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Systemization in Foreign Language Teaching by Wilfried Decoo Pdf

Foreign language learning is a progressive endeavor. Whatever the method, the learner should advance from one point to another, constantly improving. Growing proficiency entails growing language content. Content is complex, displaying many dimensions. Syllabus designers, textbook authors, and teachers often struggle with the monitoring of content. Computer-assisted systemization helps to handle it in a manageable framework. Besides inventorying content, it ensures more balanced selections, calculated progression, and controlled reiteration of previously learned material. It gauges the usability of authentic material in relation to the level attained. During the teaching process, it allows the instant selection of items needed for a communicative situation, focus on forms, or particular exercises. This book first describes the theoretical background for systemization, including a historical overview, with special attention to the Common European Framework and the new Profiles and Referentials. Next the practical steps for computer-assisted implementation with examples taken from French and English, but applicable to any language.

Vocabulary at the Center

Author : Amy Benjamin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 143 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-27
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781317914938

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Vocabulary at the Center by Amy Benjamin Pdf

First Published in 2009. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Teaching Readers of English

Author : John Hedgcock,Dana R. Ferris
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2009-09-10
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781135837716

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Teaching Readers of English by John Hedgcock,Dana R. Ferris Pdf

A comprehensive manual for pre- and in-service ESL and EFL educators, this frontline text balances insights from current reading theory and research with highly practical, field-tested strategies for teaching and assessing L2 reading in secondary and post-secondary contexts. Teaching Readers of English: provides a through yet accessible survey of L2 reading theory and research addresses the unique cognitive and socioeducational challenges encountered by L2 readers covers the features of L2 texts that teachers of reading must understand acquaints readers with methods for designing reading courses, selecting curricular materials, and planning instruction explores the essential role of systematic vocabulary development in teaching L2 literacy includes practical methods for assessing L2 students’ proficiency, achievement, and progress in the classroom. Pedagogical features in each chapter include questions for reflection, further reading and resources, reflection and review questions, and application activities.