What Determines Social Distancing Evidence From Advanced And Emerging Market Economies

What Determines Social Distancing Evidence From Advanced And Emerging Market Economies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of What Determines Social Distancing Evidence From Advanced And Emerging Market Economies book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.

What Determines Social Distancing? Evidence from Advanced and Emerging Market Economies

Author : Ms. Era Dabla-Norris,Hibah Khan,Frederico Lima
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2021-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513582382

Get Book

What Determines Social Distancing? Evidence from Advanced and Emerging Market Economies by Ms. Era Dabla-Norris,Hibah Khan,Frederico Lima Pdf

The health and economic consequences of COVID-19 are closely tied to individual compliance with recommended protective behaviors. We examine the determinants of this compliance using survey data from the COVID Behavior Tracker for 29 advanced and emerging market economies between March and December 2020. Social distancing behaviors vary significantly by age, gender, occupation, and individual beliefs about COVID-19. In addition, those who trust their government’s response to COVID-19 are significantly more likely to adopt recommended behaviors and to self-isolate if advised, highlighting the need for well-coordinated actions on the health and economic fronts. We also find that mobility restrictions, such as stay-at-home orders, and mask mandates are associated with reduced social interactions and persistent increases in compliance. Together, these drivers account for over two-thirds of the regional differences in compliance, confirming their important role in increasing social distancing and containing the pandemic.

Who Doesn’t Want to be Vaccinated? Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy During COVID-19

Author : Hibah Khan,Ms. Era Dabla-Norris,Frederico Lima,Alexandre Sollaci
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-05-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513573717

Get Book

Who Doesn’t Want to be Vaccinated? Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy During COVID-19 by Hibah Khan,Ms. Era Dabla-Norris,Frederico Lima,Alexandre Sollaci Pdf

Quick vaccine rollouts are crucial for a strong economic recovery, but vaccine hesitancy could prolong the pandemic and the need for social distancing and lockdowns. We use individual-level data from nationally representative surveys developed by YouGov and Imperial College London to empirically examine the determinants of vaccine hesitancy across 17 countries and over time. Vaccine demand depends on demographic features such as age and gender, but also on perceptions about the severity of COVID-19 and side effects of the vaccine, vaccine access, compliance with protective behaviors, overall trust in government, and how information is shared with peers. We then introduce vaccine hesitancy into an extended SIR model to assess its impact on pandemic dynamics. We find that hesitancy can increase COVID-19 infections and deaths significantly if it slows down vaccine rollouts, but has a smaller impact if all willing adults can be immunized rapidly.

Pandemics and Inequality: Perceptions and Preferences for Redistribution

Author : Vybhavi Balasundharam,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-26
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781513570723

Get Book

Pandemics and Inequality: Perceptions and Preferences for Redistribution by Vybhavi Balasundharam,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris Pdf

This paper uses an individual-level survey conducted by the Edelman Trust Barometer in mid-April for 11 advanced and emerging market economies to examine perceptions of government performance in managing the health and economic crisis, beliefs about the future, and attitudes about redistribution. We find that women, non-college educated, the unemployed, and those in non-teleworkable jobs systematically have less favorable perceptions of government responses. Personally experiencing illness or job loss caused by the pandemic can shape people’s beliefs about the future, heightening uncertainties about prolonged job losses, and the imminent threat from automation. Economic anxieties are amplified in countries that experienced an early surge in infections followed by successful containment, suggesting that negative beliefs can persist. Support for pro-equality redistributive policies varies, depending on personal experiences and views about the poor. However, we find strong willingness to provide social safety nets for vulnerable individuals and firms by those who have a more favorable perception of government responses, suggesting that effective government actions can promote support for redistributive policies.

COVID-19 and Emerging Markets

Author : Cem Çakmaklı
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1178732742

Get Book

COVID-19 and Emerging Markets by Cem Çakmaklı Pdf

Abstract: We quantify the macroeconomic effects of COVID-19 for a small open economy by calibrating a SIR-multi-sector-macro model to Turkey. Sectoral supply shocks are based on the proximity requirements in each sector and the ability to work from home. Physical proximity determines the supply shock through its effect on infection rates. Sectoral demand shocks incorporate domestic and foreign demand, both of which adjust with infection rates. We calibrate demand shocks during COVID-19 using real-time credit card purchase data. Our results show that the optimal policy, which yields the lowest economic cost and saves the maximum number of lives, can be achieved under a full lockdown of 39 days. Economic costs are much larger for an open economy as the shocks are amplified through the international production network. A decline in foreign demand leads to losses in domestic sectors through international input-output linkages, accounting for a third of the total output loss. In addition, the reduction in capital flows deprives the network from its trade financing needs, where sectors with larger external finance needs experience larger losses. The policy options are limited given sparse fiscal resources to fight the pandemic domestically, while serving the external debt. We present historical evidence from 2001 crisis of Turkey, when fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policies were employed altogether to deal with a triple crisis of balance of payments, banking, and sovereign debt

Fiscal Monitor, April 2021

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513571553

Get Book

Fiscal Monitor, April 2021 by International Monetary Fund Pdf

The April 2021 edition of the Fiscal Monitor focuses on tailoring fiscal responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and adopting policies to reduce inequality and gaps

Who will Bear the Brunt of Lockdown Policies? Evidence from Tele-workability Measures Across Countries

Author : Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Salma Khalid
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513546285

Get Book

Who will Bear the Brunt of Lockdown Policies? Evidence from Tele-workability Measures Across Countries by Mariya Brussevich,Ms.Era Dabla-Norris,Salma Khalid Pdf

Lockdowns imposed around the world to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are having a differential impact on economic activity and jobs. This paper presents a new index of the feasibility to work from home to investigate what types of jobs are most at risk. We estimate that over 97.3 million workers, equivalent to about 15 percent of the workforce, are at high risk of layoffs and furlough across the 35 advanced and emerging countries in our sample. Workers least likely to work remotely tend to be young, without a college education, working for non-standard contracts, employed in smaller firms, and those at the bottom of the earnings distribution, suggesting that the pandemic could exacerbate inequality. Crosscountry heterogeneity in the ability to work remotely reflects differential access to and use of technology, sectoral mix, and labor market selection. Policies should account for demographic and distributional considerations both during the crisis and in its aftermath.

World Economic Outlook, October 2018

Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2018-10-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484376799

Get Book

World Economic Outlook, October 2018 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf

Global growth for 2018–19 is projected to remain steady at its 2017 level, but its pace is less vigorous than projected in April and it has become less balanced. Downside risks to global growth have risen in the past six months and the potential for upside surprises has receded. Global growth is projected at 3.7 percent for 2018–19—0.2 percentage point lower for both years than forecast in April. The downward revision reflects surprises that suppressed activity in early 2018 in some major advanced economies, the negative effects of the trade measures implemented or approved between April and mid-September, as well as a weaker outlook for some key emerging market and developing economies arising from country-specific factors, tighter financial conditions, geopolitical tensions, and higher oil import bills. The balance of risks to the global growth forecast has shifted to the downside in a context of elevated policy uncertainty. Several of the downside risks highlighted in the April 2018 World Economic Outlook (WEO)—such as rising trade barriers and a reversal of capital flows to emerging market economies with weaker fundamentals and higher political risk—have become more pronounced or have partially materialized. Meanwhile, the potential for upside surprises has receded, given the tightening of financial conditions in some parts of the world, higher trade costs, slow implementation of reforms recommended in the past, and waning growth momentum.

Businesses: Resilience And Sustainability - Evidence From Emerging Market Developing Economies

Author : Reena Marwah,Anshi Goel
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-03-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811266546

Get Book

Businesses: Resilience And Sustainability - Evidence From Emerging Market Developing Economies by Reena Marwah,Anshi Goel Pdf

In a world of unprecedented disruption and market turbulence, business transformation revolves around the need to generate new values, unlock new opportunities, drive new growth, and deliver new efficiencies.The world is witnessing volatility in the environment, in technology, in the economy and in society. 'Business as usual' is no longer acceptable, and the pertinent question is how long can humanity continue pursuing consumption and growth predicated on ever-increasing efficiency. The Coronavirus pandemic has amplified concerns about the highly digitized, interconnected, and vulnerable state of the global economy, the relationship with nature, and the prospects for each living being on this planet, including people, to survive and to thrive. To navigate and survive the coming decade of transformative change, every business will need to harness all the ingenuity, creativity and imagination they can muster. Corporate leaders and entrepreneurs will be required to steer their businesses towards a new model of prosperity, based on green and regenerative principles. It is time for leaders in business to overhaul their purpose, plans and strategies for this new context and explore different futures, engage with new partners and create space for experimentation. The only way to prepare for the future is to explore how companies, especially medium and small enterprises as well as women led businesses can transform their future strategies to be more compatible with challenges such as cyber security, human security, ethical principles and financial transparency.This book presents a collection of empirical and original research papers on evolving business strategies within a dynamic global environment to provide valuable insights to scholars, academicians, practitioners, policymakers and students.

Business, Economic and Financial Issues in Emerging Markets and Advanced Economies after the COVID-19 Crisis

Author : Giray Gozgor,Chi Lau
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2023-11-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832534311

Get Book

Business, Economic and Financial Issues in Emerging Markets and Advanced Economies after the COVID-19 Crisis by Giray Gozgor,Chi Lau Pdf

This Research Topic is Volume 2 in the Research Topic series 'Economic and Financial Issues in the Post-COVID-19 World: Implications and Role of Public Health'. Both developed and developing economies have experienced significant risks and uncertainties due to the COVID-19 pandemic. There are still risks and uncertainty shocks of the COVID-19 in every aspect of the global economic and financial system, including investors' decisions and the financial sector's development. In this Research Topic, we aim to understand the dynamics of business, economic, and financial issues - including potential structural changes after the COVID-19 in emerging markets and advanced economies. This Research Topic’s main goal is to provide different aspects and consequences of economic and financial issues in emerging markets and advanced economies after the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we welcome interdisciplinary, empirical, and theoretical papers (panel data studies, survey studies, and time-series analyses) focusing on the business, economic, and financial issues after the COVID-19 crisis. We also welcome policy briefs of people working at central banks, governments, and other public institutions, focusing on these issues.

World Economic Outlook, October 2019

Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513516172

Get Book

World Economic Outlook, October 2019 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf

Global growth is forecast at 3.0 percent for 2019, its lowest level since 2008–09 and a 0.3 percentage point downgrade from the April 2019 World Economic Outlook.

After-Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospects for Medium-Term Economic Damage

Author : Mr. Philip Barrett,Mr. Sonali Das,Giacomo Magistretti,Evgenia Pugacheva,Mr. Philippe Wingender
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 23 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513587905

Get Book

After-Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospects for Medium-Term Economic Damage by Mr. Philip Barrett,Mr. Sonali Das,Giacomo Magistretti,Evgenia Pugacheva,Mr. Philippe Wingender Pdf

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a severe global recession with differential impacts within and across countries. This paper examines the possible persistent effects (scarring) of the pandemic on the economy and the channels through which they may occur. History suggests that deep recessions often leave long-lived scars, particularly to productivity. Importantly, financial instabilities—typically associated with worse scarring—have been largely avoided in the current crisis so far. While medium-term output losses are anticipated to be lower than after the global financial crisis, they are still expected to be substantial. The degree of expected scarring varies across countries, depending on the structure of economies and the size of the policy response. Emerging market and developing economies are expected to suffer more scarring than advanced economies.

World Economic Outlook, April 2020

Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1513539744

Get Book

World Economic Outlook, April 2020 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf

The COVID-19 pandemic is inflicting high and rising human costs worldwide, and the necessary protection measures are severely impacting economic activity. As a result of the pandemic, the global economy is projected to contract sharply by –3 percent in 2020, much worse than during the 2008–09 financial crisis. In a baseline scenario--which assumes that the pandemic fades in the second half of 2020 and containment efforts can be gradually unwound--the global economy is projected to grow by 5.8 percent in 2021 as economic activity normalizes, helped by policy support. The risks for even more severe outcomes, however, are substantial. Effective policies are essential to forestall the possibility of worse outcomes, and the necessary measures to reduce contagion and protect lives are an important investment in long-term human and economic health. Because the economic fallout is acute in specific sectors, policymakers will need to implement substantial targeted fiscal, monetary, and financial market measures to support affected households and businesses domestically. And internationally, strong multilateral cooperation is essential to overcome the effects of the pandemic, including to help financially constrained countries facing twin health and funding shocks, and for channeling aid to countries with weak health care systems.

COVID-19 Containment Measures and Expected Stock Volatility: High-Frequency Evidence from Selected Advanced Economies

Author : Viral V. Acharya,Yang Liu,Mr. Yunhui Zhao
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513573502

Get Book

COVID-19 Containment Measures and Expected Stock Volatility: High-Frequency Evidence from Selected Advanced Economies by Viral V. Acharya,Yang Liu,Mr. Yunhui Zhao Pdf

We study the effect of COVID-19 containment measures on expected stock price volatility in some advanced economies, using event studies with hand-collected minute-level data and panel regressions with daily data. We find that six-month-ahead volatility indices dropped following announcements of initial or re-imposed lockdowns, and that they did not drop significantly following the easing of lockdowns. Such patterns are not as strong for three-month-ahead expected volatility and generally absent for one-month-ahead expected volatility. These results provide suggestive evidence for the existence of an intertemporal trade-off: although stringent containment measures cause short-term economic disruptions, they may reduce medium-term uncertainty (reflected in expected stock volatility) by boosting markets’ confidence that the outbreak would be under control more quickly.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 9)

Author : Dean T. Jamison,Hellen Gelband,Susan Horton,Prabhat Jha,Charles N. Mock,Rachel Nugent
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2017-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464805288

Get Book

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 9) by Dean T. Jamison,Hellen Gelband,Susan Horton,Prabhat Jha,Charles N. Mock,Rachel Nugent Pdf

As the culminating volume in the DCP3 series, volume 9 will provide an overview of DCP3 findings and methods, a summary of messages and substantive lessons to be taken from DCP3, and a further discussion of cross-cutting and synthesizing topics across the first eight volumes. The introductory chapters (1-3) in this volume take as their starting point the elements of the Essential Packages presented in the overview chapters of each volume. First, the chapter on intersectoral policy priorities for health includes fiscal and intersectoral policies and assembles a subset of the population policies and applies strict criteria for a low-income setting in order to propose a "highest-priority" essential package. Second, the chapter on packages of care and delivery platforms for universal health coverage (UHC) includes health sector interventions, primarily clinical and public health services, and uses the same approach to propose a highest priority package of interventions and policies that meet similar criteria, provides cost estimates, and describes a pathway to UHC.

A TIP Against the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author : Reda Cherif,Fuad Hasanov
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 47 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781513548852

Get Book

A TIP Against the COVID-19 Pandemic by Reda Cherif,Fuad Hasanov Pdf

A universal testing and isolation policy is the most viable way to vanquish a pandemic. Its implementation requires: (i) an epidemiological rather than clinical approach to testing, sacrificing accuracy for scalability, convenience and speed; and (ii) state intervention to ramp up production, similar to True Industrial Policy (TIP), on a global level to achieve a scale and speed the market alone would fail to provide. We sketch a strategy to tackle market failures and implement smart testing, especially in densely populated areas. The estimated cost of testing is dwarfed by its return, mitigating the economic fallout of the pandemic.