Blood Quantum

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BLOOD QUANTUM QUANDARIES

Norbert S. Hill Jr
BLOOD QUANTUM QUANDARIES Book PDF

Author : Norbert S. Hill Jr
Publisher : Fulcrum Publishing
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-01
Category : History
ISBN : 1682750655

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BLOOD QUANTUM QUANDARIES by Norbert S. Hill Jr Pdf

"I have been painted and painted others with the deep blood-red earth paint, which is the symbol of life. We call this paint ma etom, which is a derivative of the word for blood, ma e. Ma e, blood, is essential for life." Dr. Henrietta Mann, from the foreword A person's blood quantum is defined as the percentage of their ancestors who are documented as full-blood Native Americans. The U.S. federal government uses a blood quantum minimum as a measure of "Indian" identity to manage tribal enrollments and access to cultural and social services. Evidence suggests that if current demographic trends continue, within a few generations tribes will legally disappear. The forces of modern intermarriage and urbanization are resulting in fewer individuals who can legally meet blood quantum requirements. Through essays, personal stories, case studies, satire, and poetry, a lauded collection of international contributors will explore blood quantum as biology and as cultural metaphor. They will explain the history of the law and how it may result in the devastation of tribal culture and the perpetuation of tribal discrimination in the U.S. and beyond. Featuring diverse and talented Native voices representing different generations, backgrounds and literary styles, Blood Quantum Quandaries: Who Are We? seeks answers to the most critical issue facing Native Americans and all indigenous populations in the 21st century and hopes to redefine the meaning of cultural citizenship. "

Hawaiian Blood

J. Kehaulani Kauanui
Hawaiian Blood Book PDF

Author : J. Kehaulani Kauanui
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2008-11-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822391494

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Hawaiian Blood by J. Kehaulani Kauanui Pdf

In the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act (HHCA) of 1921, the U.S. Congress defined “native Hawaiians” as those people “with at least one-half blood quantum of individuals inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands prior to 1778.” This “blood logic” has since become an entrenched part of the legal system in Hawai‘i. Hawaiian Blood is the first comprehensive history and analysis of this federal law that equates Hawaiian cultural identity with a quantifiable amount of blood. J. Kēhaulani Kauanui explains how blood quantum classification emerged as a way to undermine Native Hawaiian (Kanaka Maoli) sovereignty. Within the framework of the 50-percent rule, intermarriage “dilutes” the number of state-recognized Native Hawaiians. Thus, rather than support Native claims to the Hawaiian islands, blood quantum reduces Hawaiians to a racial minority, reinforcing a system of white racial privilege bound to property ownership. Kauanui provides an impassioned assessment of how the arbitrary correlation of ancestry and race imposed by the U.S. government on the indigenous people of Hawai‘i has had far-reaching legal and cultural effects. With the HHCA, the federal government explicitly limited the number of Hawaiians included in land provisions, and it recast Hawaiians’ land claims in terms of colonial welfare rather than collective entitlement. Moreover, the exclusionary logic of blood quantum has profoundly affected cultural definitions of indigeneity by undermining more inclusive Kanaka Maoli notions of kinship and belonging. Kauanui also addresses the ongoing significance of the 50-percent rule: Its criteria underlie recent court decisions that have subverted the Hawaiian sovereignty movement and brought to the fore charged questions about who counts as Hawaiian.

Blood Will Tell

Katherine Ellinghaus
Blood Will Tell Book PDF

Author : Katherine Ellinghaus
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2022-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781496230379

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Blood Will Tell by Katherine Ellinghaus Pdf

A study of the role blood quantum played in the assimilation period between 1887 and 1934 in the United States.

Beyond Blood

Pamela D. Palmater
Beyond Blood Book PDF

Author : Pamela D. Palmater
Publisher : UBC Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2011-05-13
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781895830712

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Beyond Blood by Pamela D. Palmater Pdf

The current Status criteria of the Indian Act contains descent-based rules akin to blood quantum that are particularly discriminatory against women and their descendants, which author Pamela Palmater argues will lead to the extinguishment of First Nations as legal and constitutional entities. Beginning with an historic overview of legislative enactments defining Indian status and their impact on First Nations, the author examines contemporary court rulings dealing with Indigenous identity, Aboriginal rights, and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Palmater also examines band membership codes to determine if their reliance on status criteria perpetuates discrimination. She offers changes for determining Indigenous identity and citizenship and argues that First Nations must determine citizenship themselves.

Indigenous Writes

Chelsea Vowel
Indigenous Writes Book PDF

Author : Chelsea Vowel
Publisher : Portage & Main Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-01-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781553796893

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Indigenous Writes by Chelsea Vowel Pdf

Delgamuukw. Sixties Scoop. Bill C-31. Blood quantum. Appropriation. Two-Spirit. Tsilhqot’in. Status. TRC. RCAP. FNPOA. Pass and permit. Numbered Treaties. Terra nullius. The Great Peace… Are you familiar with the terms listed above? In Indigenous Writes, Chelsea Vowel, legal scholar, teacher, and intellectual, opens an important dialogue about these (and more) concepts and the wider social beliefs associated with the relationship between Indigenous peoples and Canada. In 31 essays, Chelsea explores the Indigenous experience from the time of contact to the present, through five categories—Terminology of Relationships; Culture and Identity; Myth-Busting; State Violence; and Land, Learning, Law, and Treaties. She answers the questions that many people have on these topics to spark further conversations at home, in the classroom, and in the larger community. Indigenous Writes is one title in The Debwe Series.

Blood Politics

Circe Sturm
Blood Politics Book PDF

Author : Circe Sturm
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2002-03-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780520230972

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Blood Politics by Circe Sturm Pdf

"Blood Politics offers an anthropological analysis of contemporary identity politics within the second largest Indian tribe in the United States--one that pays particular attention to the symbol of "blood." The work treats an extremely sensitive topic with originality and insight. It is also notable for bringing contemporary theories of race, nationalism, and social identity to bear upon the case of the Oklahoma Cherokee."—Pauline Turner Strong, author of Captive Selves, Captivating Others: The Politics and Poetics of Colonial American Captivity Narratives

Revisiting Race in a Genomic Age

Barbara A. Koenig,Sandra Soo-Jin Lee,Sarah S. Richardson
Revisiting Race in a Genomic Age Book PDF

Author : Barbara A. Koenig,Sandra Soo-Jin Lee,Sarah S. Richardson
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780813543246

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Revisiting Race in a Genomic Age by Barbara A. Koenig,Sandra Soo-Jin Lee,Sarah S. Richardson Pdf

Essays explore a range of topics that include drug development and the production of race-based therapeutics, the ways in which genetics could contribute to future health disparities, the social implications of ancestry mapping, and the impact of emerging race and genetics research on public policy and the media.

First Peoples

Jeffrey Sissons
First Peoples Book PDF

Author : Jeffrey Sissons
Publisher : Reaktion Books
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2005-05-30
Category : History
ISBN : 1861892411

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First Peoples by Jeffrey Sissons Pdf

First Peoples explores how, instead of being absorbed into a homogeneous modernity, indigenous cultures are actively shaping alternative futures for themselves and appropriating global resources for their own culturally specific needs.

Invisible Indigenes

Bruce Granville Miller
Invisible Indigenes Book PDF

Author : Bruce Granville Miller
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2003-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0803232322

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Invisible Indigenes by Bruce Granville Miller Pdf

In the last few decades, as indigenous peoples have increasingly sought out and sometimes demanded sovereignty on a variety of fronts, their relationships with encompassing nation-states have become ever more complicated and troubled. The varying ways that today?s nation-states attempt to manage?and often render invisible?contemporary indigenous peoples is the subject of this global comparative study.øBeginning with his own work along the northwest coast of North America and drawing on contemporary examples from South America, Asia, Africa, and Europe, Bruce Granville Miller examines how national governments classify, govern, and control the indigenous populations within their boundaries through administrative, judicial, and economic means. One telling consequence of such regulation strategies is that certain indigenous peoples become unrecognized?their ethnic identities and heritages fail to find legal register and thus empowerment within the very state organizations that manage other aspects of their lives. In the United States alone reside two hundred thousand unrecognized indigenous individuals, some members of indigenous communities that were dropped from the roster of tribes and others whose ancestors were overlooked. Miller also considers some important differences between the fluid nature of ethnic identity for some indigenous peoples and the more rigid notion of identity encoded in many state regulations.øInvisible Indigenes reveals a recurring issue integral to the formation and maintenance of nation-states today and highlights a common challenge facing indigenous peoples around the globe in the twenty-first century.

Real Indians

Eva Garroutte
Real Indians Book PDF

Author : Eva Garroutte
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2003-07-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520935921

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Real Indians by Eva Garroutte Pdf

At the dawn of the twenty-first century, America finds itself on the brink of a new racial consciousness. The old, unquestioned confidence with which individuals can be classified (as embodied, for instance, in previous U.S. census categories) has been eroded. In its place are shifting paradigms and new norms for racial identity. Eva Marie Garroutte examines the changing processes of racial identification and their implications by looking specifically at the case of American Indians.

Those Who Belong

Jill Doerfler
Those Who Belong Book PDF

Author : Jill Doerfler
Publisher : MSU Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-07-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781628952292

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Those Who Belong by Jill Doerfler Pdf

Despite the central role blood quantum played in political formations of American Indian identity in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there are few studies that explore how tribal nations have contended with this transformation of tribal citizenship. Those Who Belong explores how White Earth Anishinaabeg understood identity and blood quantum in the early twentieth century, how it was employed and manipulated by the U.S. government, how it came to be the sole requirement for tribal citizenship in 1961, and how a contemporary effort for constitutional reform sought a return to citizenship criteria rooted in Anishinaabe kinship, replacing the blood quantum criteria with lineal descent. Those Who Belong illustrates the ways in which Anishinaabeg of White Earth negotiated multifaceted identities, both before and after the introduction of blood quantum as a marker of identity and as the sole requirement for tribal citizenship. Doerfler’s research reveals that Anishinaabe leaders resisted blood quantum as a tribal citizenship requirement for decades before acquiescing to federal pressure. Constitutional reform efforts in the twenty-first century brought new life to this longstanding debate and led to the adoption of a new constitution, which requires lineal descent for citizenship.

Tribal Constitutionalism

Kirsty Gover
Tribal Constitutionalism Book PDF

Author : Kirsty Gover
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780199587094

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Tribal Constitutionalism by Kirsty Gover Pdf

Recognized tribes are increasingly prominent players in settler state governance, but in the wide-ranging debates about tribal self-governance, little has been said about tribal self-constitution. Who are the members of tribes, and how are they chosen? Tribes in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States are now obliged to adopt written constitutions as a condition of recognition, and to specify the criteria used to select members. Tribal Constitutionalism presents findings from a comparative study of nearly eight hundred current and historic tribal constitutions, most of which are not in the public domain. Kirsty Gover examines the strategies adopted by tribes and states to deal with the new legal distinction between indigenous people (defined by settler governments) and tribal members (defined by tribal governments). She highlights the important fact that the two categories are imperfectly aligned. Many indigenous persons are not tribal members, and some tribal members are not legally indigenous. Should legal indigenous status be limited to persons enrolled in recognized tribes? What is to be done about the large and growing proportion of indigenous peoples who are not enrolled in a tribe, and do not live near their tribal territories? This book approaches these complex questions head-on. Using tribal membership criteria as a starting point, this book provides a critical analysis of current political and sociolegal theories of tribalism and indigeneity, and draws on legal doctrine, policy, demographic data and tribal practice to provide a comparative evaluation of tribal membership governance in the western settler states.

Studying Native America

Russell Thornton
Studying Native America Book PDF

Author : Russell Thornton
Publisher : Univ of Wisconsin Press
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Indians
ISBN : 0299160645

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Studying Native America by Russell Thornton Pdf

"The White Man does not understand the Indian for the reason that he does not understand America. He is too far removed from its formative process. The roots of the tree of his life have not yet grasped rock and soil." The words of Lakota writer Luther Standing Bear foretold the current debate on the value of Native American studies in higher education. Studying Native America addresses for the first time in a comprehensive way the place of this critical discipline in the university curriculum. Leading scholars in anthropology, demography, English and literature, history, law, social work, linguistics, public health, psychology, and sociology have come together to explore what Native American studies has been, what it is, and what it may be in the future. The book's thirteen contributors and editor Russell Thornton, stress the frequent incompatibility of traditional academic teaching methods with the social and cultural concerns that gave rise to the field of Native American studies. Beginning with the intellectual and institutional history of Native American studies, the book examines its literature, language, historical narratives, and anthropology. The volume discusses the effects on Native American studies of law and constitutionalism; cosmology, epistemology, and religion; identity; demography; colonialism and post-colonialism; science and technology; and repatriation of human remains and cultural objects. Contributors to Studying Native America include Raymond J. DeMallie, Bonnie Duran, Eduardo Duran, Raymond D. Fogelson, Clara Sue Kidwell, Kerwin Lee Klein, Melissa L. Meyer, John H. Moore, Peter Nabokov, Katheryn Shanley, C. Matthew Snipp, Rennard Strickland, Russell Thornton, J. Randolph Valentine, Robert Allen Warrior, Richard White, and Maria Yellowhorse-Braveheart. The book is sponsored in part by the Social Science Research Council.

The Melanin Millennium

Ronald E. Hall
The Melanin Millennium Book PDF

Author : Ronald E. Hall
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-09-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789400746084

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The Melanin Millennium by Ronald E. Hall Pdf

In the aftermath of the 60s “Black is Beautiful” movement and publication of The Color Complex almost thirty years later the issue of skin color has mushroomed onto the world stage of social science. Such visibility has inspired publication of the Melanin Millennium for insuring that the discourse on skin color meet the highest standards of accuracy and objective investigation. This volume addresses the issue of skin color in a worldwide context. A virtual visit to countries that have witnessed a huge rise in the use of skin whitening products and facial feature surgeries aiming for a more Caucasian-like appearance will be taken into account. The book also addresses the question of whether using the laws has helped to redress injustices of skin color discrimination, or only further promoted recognition of its divisiveness among people of color and Whites. The Melanin Millennium has to do with now and the future. In the 20th century science including eugenics was given to and dominated by discussions of race category. Heretofore there remain social scientists and other relative to the issue of skin color loyal to race discourse. However in their interpretation and analysis of social phenomena the world has moved on. Thus while race dominated the 20th century the 21st century will emerge as a global community dominated by skin color and making it the melanin millennium.

American Indians

C. Matthew Snipp
American Indians Book PDF

Author : C. Matthew Snipp
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1989-11-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781610445092

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American Indians by C. Matthew Snipp Pdf

Native Americans are too few in number to swing presidential elections, affect national statistics, or attract consistent media attention. But their history illuminates our collective past and their current disadvantaged status reflects our problematic present. In American Indians: The First of This Land, C. Matthew Snipp provides an unrivaled chronicle of the position of American Indians and Alaskan Natives within the larger American society. Taking advantage of recent Census Bureau efforts to collect high-quality data for these groups, Snipp details the composition and characteristics of native Indian and Alaskan populations. His analyses of housing, family structure, language use and education, socioeconomic status, migration, and mortality are based largely on unpublished material not available in any other single source. He catalogs the remarkable diversity of a population—Eskimos, Aleuts, and numerous Indian tribes—once thought doomed to extinction but now making a dramatic comeback, exceeding 1 million for the first time in 300 years. Also striking is the pervasive influence of the federal bureaucracy on the social profile of American Indians, a profile similar at times to that of Third World populations in terms of literacy, income, and living conditions. Comparisons with black and white Americans throughout this study place its findings in perspective and confirm its stature as a benchmark volume. American Indians offers an unsurpassed overview of a minority group that is deeply embedded in American folklore, the first of this land historically but now among the last in its socioeconomic hierarchy. A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Census Series