Bridging Heterogeneous And Homogeneous Catalysis Concepts
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Bridging Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis by Can Li,Yan Liu Pdf
There are two main disciplines in catalysis research -- homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. This is due to the fact that the catalyst is either in the same phase (homogeneous catalysis) as the reaction being catalyzed or in a different phase (heterogeneous catalysis). Over the past decade, various approaches have been implemented to combine the advantages of homogeneous catalysis (efficiency, selectivity) with those of heterogeneous catalysis (stability, recovery) by the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts or by carrying out homogeneous reactions under heterogeneous conditions. This unique handbook fills the gap in the market for an up-to-date work that links both homogeneous catalysis applied to organic reactions and catalytic reactions on surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts. As such, it highlights structural analogies and shows mechanistic parallels between the two, while additionally presenting kinetic analysis methods and models that either work for both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Chapters cover asymmetric, emulsion, phase-transfer, supported homogeneous, and organocatalysis, as well as in nanoreactors and for specific applications, catalytic reactions in ionic liquids, fluorous and supercritical solvents and in water. Finally, the text includes computational methods for investigating structure-reactivity relations. With its wealth of information, this invaluable reference provides academic and industrial chemists with novel concepts for innovative catalysis research.
Fundamental Concepts in Heterogeneous Catalysis by Jens K. Nørskov,Felix Studt,Frank Abild-Pedersen,Thomas Bligaard Pdf
This book is based on a graduate course and suitable as a primer for any newcomer to the field, this book is a detailed introduction to the experimental and computational methods that are used to study how solid surfaces act as catalysts. Features include: First comprehensive description of modern theory of heterogeneous catalysis Basis for understanding and designing experiments in the field Allows reader to understand catalyst design principles Introduction to important elements of energy transformation technology Test driven at Stanford University over several semesters
Catalysis by J.A. Moulijn,P.W.N.M. van Leeuwen,R.A. van Santen Pdf
Catalysis is a multidisciplinary activity which is reflected in this book. The editors have chosen a novel combination of basic disciplines - homogeneous catalysis by metal complexes is treated jointly with heterogeneous catalysis with metallic and non-metallic solids. The main theme of the book is the molecular approach to industrial catalysis. In the introductory section Chapter 1 presents a brief survey of the history of industrial heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. Subsequently, a selection of current industrial catalytic processes is described (Chapter 2). A broad spectrum of important catalytic applications is presented, including the basic chemistry, some engineering aspects, feedstock sources and product utilisation. In Chapter 3, kinetic principles are treated. The section on fundamental catalysis begins with a description of the bonding in complexes and to surfaces (Chapter 4). The elementary steps on complexes and surfaces are described. The chapter on heterogeneous catalysis (5) deals with the mechanistic aspects of three groups of important reactions: syn-gas conversion, hydrogenation, and oxidation. The main principles of metal and metal oxide catalysis are presented. Likewise, the chapter on homogeneous catalysis (6) concentrates on three reactions representing examples from three areas: carbonylation, polymerization, and asymmetric catalysis. Identification by in situ techniques has been included. Many constraints to the industrial use of a catalyst have a macroscopic origin. In applied catalysis it is shown how catalytic reaction engineering deals with such macroscopic considerations in heterogeneous as well as homogeneous catalysis (Chapter 7). The transport and kinetic phenomena in both model reactors and industrial reactors are outlined. The section on catalyst preparation (Chapters 8 and 9) is concerned with the preparation of catalyst supports, zeolites, and supported catalysts, with an emphasis on general principles and mechanistic aspects. For the supported catalysts the relation between the preparative method and the surface chemistry of the support is highlighted. The molecular approach is maintained throughout. The first chapter (10) in the section on catalyst characterization summarizes the most common spectroscopic techniques used for the characterisation of heterogeneous catalysts such as XPS, Auger, EXAFS, etc. Temperature programmed techniques, which have found widespread application in heterogeneous catalysis both in catalyst characterization and simulation of pretreatment procedures, are discussed in Chapter 11. A discussion of texture measurement, theory and application, concludes this section (12). The final chapter (13) gives an outline of current trends in catalysis. Two points of view are adopted: the first one focusses on developments in process engineering. Most often these have their origin in demands by society for better processes. The second point of view draws attention to the autonomous developments in catalysis, which is becoming one of the frontier sciences of physics and chemistry. In this book emphasis is on those reactions catalyzed by heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts of industrial relevance. The integrative treatment of the subject matter involves many disciplines, consequently, the writing of the book has been a multi-author task. The editors have carefully planned and harmonized the contents of the chapters.
Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics by I. Chorkendorff,J. W. Niemantsverdriet Pdf
Until now, the literature has offered a rather limited approach to the use of fundamental kinetics and their application to catalytic reactions. Subsequently, this book spans the full range from fundamentals of kinetics and heterogeneous catalysis via modern experimental and theoretical results of model studies to their equivalent large-scale industrial production processes. The result is key knowledge for students at technical universities and professionals already working in industry. '... such an enterprise will be of great value to the community, to professionals as well as graduate and undergraduate students attempting to move into the field of modern catalysis and kinetics. I strongly recommend you publish this book based on the proposal.' - Prof. Dr. G. A. Samorjai, University of California 'Both authors are well respected specialists, with a very long record of original top-quality work and an international reputation. A book from these authors will be considered an authoritative piece of work, I definitely support this project and I am looking forward to use the book when published.' - Prof. Dr. D. E. Resasco, University of Oklahoma 'I wholly support the proposed project. The authors are very competent young colleagues and there is a real need for such a textbook' - Prof. Dr. G. Ertl, Fritz-Haber-Institut, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin
Principles and Practice of Heterogeneous Catalysis by John Meurig Thomas,W. John Thomas Pdf
This long-awaited second edition of the successful introduction to the fundamentals of heterogeneous catalysis is now completely revised and updated. Written by internationally acclaimed experts, this textbook includes fundamentals of adsorption, characterizing catalysts and their surfaces, the significance of pore structure and surface area, solid-state and surface chemistry, poisoning, promotion, deactivation and selectivity of catalysts, as well as catalytic process engineering. A final section provides a number of examples and case histories. With its color and numerous graphics plus references to help readers to easily find further reading, this is a pivotal work for an understanding of the principles involved.
This book is devoted to the problems of oxidation chemical reactions and addresses bimodal reaction sequences. Chemical reactions of oxidation, occurring under certain conditions and in multicomponent systems are complex processes. The process of the oxidation essentially changes in the presence and contact of the solid substances with reactants. The role of solid substances and the appearance of this phenomenon in oxidation reaction are discussed. The reader will understand the "driving forces" of this phenomenon and apply it in practice. Written for chemists, physicists, biologists and engineers working in the domain of oxidation reactions. Key Selling Features: Covers the historical background, modern state of the art, and perspectives in investigations of the coupling between heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions Discusses the feasible pathways of the coupling of heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions in oxidation in man-made and natural chemical systems Addresses the abundance, peculiarities and mechanisms of the bimodal reaction sequences in oxidation with dioxygen in recent decades Discusses the existence of the bimodal reaction sequences in chemical systems investigations in atmospheric chemistry and heterogeneous photocatalysis Presented in a simple concise style, accessible for both specialists and non-specialists
Molecular Heterogeneous Catalysis by Rutger A. van Santen,Matthew Neurock Pdf
An integrated approach to the molecular theory of reaction mechanism in heterogeneous catalysis, largely based on the knowledge among the growing theoretical catalysis community over the past half century, and covering all major catalytic systems. The authors develop a general conceptual framework, including in-depth comparisons with enzyme catalysis, biomineralisation, organometallic and coordination chemistry. A chapter dedicated to molecular electrocatalysis addresses the molecular description of reactions at the liquid-solid interphase, while studies range from a quantum-chemical treatment of individual molecular states to dynamic Monte-Carlo simulations, including the full flexibility of the many-particle systems. Complexity in catalysis is explained in chapters on self-organization and self-assembly of catalysts, and other sections are devoted to evolutionary, combinatorial techniques as well as artificial chemistry.
Catalyst Immobilization by Maurizio Benaglia,Alessandra Puglisi Pdf
A comprehensive resource on techniques and applications for immobilizing catalysts Catalyst Immobilization: Methods and Applications covers catalyst immobilization topics including technologies, materials, characterization, chemical activity, and recyclability. The book also presents innovative applications for supported catalysts, such as flow chemistry and machine-assisted organic synthesis. Written by an international panel of expert contributors, this book outlines the general principles of catalyst immobilization and explores different types of supports employed in catalyst heterogenization. The book?s chapters examine the immobilization of chiral organocatalysts, reactions in flow reactors, 3D printed devices for catalytic systems, and more. Catalyst Immobilization offers a modern vision and a broad and critical view of this exciting field. This important book: -Offers a guide to supported and therefore recyclable catalysts, which is one of the most important tools for developing a highly sustainable chemistry -Presents various immobilization techniques and applications -Explores new trends, such as 3D printed devices for catalytic systems -Contains information from a leading international team of authors Written for catalytic chemists, organic chemists, process engineers, biochemists, surface chemists, materials scientists, analytical chemists, Catalyst Immobilization: Methods and Applications presents the latest developments and includes a review of the innovative trends such as flow chemistry, reactions in microreactors, and beyond.
Design of Heterogeneous Catalysts by Umit S. Ozkan Pdf
This long-awaited reference source is the first book to focus on this important and hot topic. As such, it provides examples from a wide array of fields where catalyst design has been based on new insights and understanding, presenting such modern and important topics as self-assembly, nature-inspired catalysis, nano-scale architecture of surfaces and theoretical methods. With its inclusion of all the useful and powerful tools for the rational design of catalysts, this is a true "must have" book for every researcher in the field.
Polymer Supported Organic Catalysts by Narendra Chauhan,Sapana Jadoun Pdf
Polymer-supported organic catalysts are largely insoluble in most reaction solvents, which allows for easy recovery and recycling of the catalysts. They are generally stable, readily available, and environmental friendly, so they have attracted the interest of many synthetic chemists in the industrial and academic fields. In this book, different types of polymer-supported catalysts based on peptides, polystyrene, polyethers, poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylene imine), poly(2-oxazoline), poly(isobutylene), poly(norbornene), etc., as well as metals are included with their synthetic organic synthesis applications. It is believed that this work will be of interest to organic chemists, material scientists, chemical engineers, polymer scientists and technologists.
Homogeneous Catalysis by Sumit Bhaduri,Doble Mukesh Pdf
Over the last decade, the area of homogeneous catalysis withtransition metal has grown in great scientific interest andtechnological promise, with research in this area earning threeNobel Prizes and filing thousands of patents relating tometallocene and non-metallocene single site catalysts, asymmetriccatalysis, carbon-carbon bond forming metathesis and cross couplingreactions. This text explains these new developments in a unified, cogent, andcomprehensible manner while also detailing earlier discoveries andthe fundamentals of homogeneous catalysis. Serving as a self-studyguide for students and all chemists seeking to gain entry into thisfield, it can also be used by experienced researchers from bothacademia and industry for referring to leading state of the artreview articles and patents, and also as a quick self-study manualin an area that is outside their immediate expertise. The bookfeatures: • Topics including renewable feed stocks (biofuel,glycerol), carbon dioxide based processes (polycarbonates),fluorous solvents, ionic liquid, hydroformylation, polymerization,oxidation, asymmetric catalysis, and more • Basic principles of organometallic chemistry,homogeneous catalysis, and relevant technological issues • Problems and answers, industrial applications (casestudies), and examples from proven industrial processes with cleardiscussions on environmental and techno-commercial issues • Extensive references to cutting edge research withapplication potential and leading patents • Tables and illustrations to help explain difficultconcepts
Solvent-Free Methods in Nanocatalysis by Rafael Luque,Manoj B. Gawande,Esmail Doustkhah,Anandarup Goswami Pdf
Solvent-Free Methods in Nanocatalysis Discover solvent-free approaches for the synthesis of nanocatalysts as well as various catalytic transformations in this unique one-stop resource Solvent-free methods have attracted wide attention in organic synthesis and catalysis as a promising approach towards “greener” and more sustainable chemical transformations. In this regard, nanocatalysis has seen particular growth in recent years. Solvent-Free Methods in Nanocatalysis gives an in-depth overview of nanocatalysts and their catalytic applications using solvent-free methods. After a brief introduction, it covers various synthetic techniques for the preparation of nanocatalysts and supports using solvent-free methods, e.g. ball-milling, microwave- and plasma-assisted methods. The book discusses in detail different catalyst classes, such as metal oxides, doped and functionalized nanocarbons, as well as nitride- and silica-based materials to help researchers to understand the efficiency and nature of these catalysts/supports based on their chemical structure. In the book readers will also find: A brief account of the history, challenges, and recent advances in the field Detailed discussion of advantages and disadvantages of solvent-free techniques for nanocatalyst preparation Treatment of important solvent- and catalyst-free organic transformations (i.e. oxidation, coupling and multicomponent reactions) A chapter on supported ionic liquids for solvent-free catalysis Written by leading researchers in the field, Solvent-Free Methods in Nanocatalysis is a useful reference for researchers and students working in organic synthesis, catalysis, and nanomaterials science.
Microwaves in Catalysis by Satoshi Horikoshi,Nick Serpone Pdf
A comprehensive overview covering the principles and preparation of catalysts, as well as reactor technology and applications in the field of organic synthesis, energy production, and environmental catalysis. Edited and authored by renowned and experienced scientists, this reference focuses on successful reaction procedures for applications in industry. Topics include catalyst preparation, the treatment of waste water and air, biomass and waste valorisation, hydrogen production, oil refining as well as organic synthesis in the presence of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts and continuous-flow reactions. With its practical relevance and successful methodologies, this is a valuable guide for chemists at universities working in the field of catalysis, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical or green chemistry, as well as researchers and engineers in the chemical industry.
Cleavage of Carbon-Carbon Single Bonds by Transition Metals by Masahiro Murakami,Naoto Chatani Pdf
Edited by leading experts and pioneers in the field, this is the first up-to-date book on this hot topic. The authors provide synthetic chemists with different methods to activate carbon-carbon sigma bonds in organic molecules promoted by transition metal complexes. They explain the basic principles and strategies for carbon-carbon bond cleavage and highlight recently developed synthetic protocols based on this methodology. In so doing, they cover cleavage of C-C bonds in strained molecules, reactions involving elimination of carbon dioxide and ketones, reactions via retroallylation, and cleavage of C-C bonds of ketones and nitriles. The result is an excellent information source for researchers in academia and industry working in the field of synthetic organic chemistry, while equally serving as supplementary reading for advanced courses in organometallic chemistry and catalysis.
Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science by Inamuddin,Rajender Boddula,Abdullah M. Asiri Pdf
Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Organic Synthesis in Water and Supercritical Water provides an in-depth review of purification and extraction methods for medicinal, analytical, engineering and bioactive compounds utilizing green chemistry protocols. It focuses on the synthesis of natural products and drugs, using industrial green solvents, water, supercritical water, and more. The book explores applications in organic synthesis and processing, including aqueous and non-aqueous promoted reactions. Aqueous media and supercritical water involved in organic synthesis are discussed for industrial use. Final sections cover green solvent assisted organic synthesis, such as addition, rearrangement, condensation, and more. Provides a broad overview of green solvents for sustainable organic synthesis Compares water and supercritical water as green solvents vs. conventional solvents Outlines eco-friendly organic synthesis and chemical processes using water/supercritical water Includes industrial/pharmaceutical production development using water and supercritical water as solvents Outlines synthetic methods for polymers, drugs etc., using water and supercritical water as solvents