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If you were a Confederate prisoner during the Civil War, you might have ended up in this infamous military prison in Chicago. More Confederate soldiers died in Chicago's Camp Douglas than on any Civil War battlefield. Originally constructed in 1861 to train forty thousand Union soldiers from the northern third of Illinois, it was converted to a prison camp in 1862. Nearly thirty thousand Confederate prisoners were housed there until it was shut down in 1865. Today, the history of the camp ranges from unknown to deeply misunderstood. David Keller offers a modern perspective of Camp Douglas and a key piece of scholarship in reckoning with the legacy of other military prisons.
Protecting Civilians in Refugee Camps by Maja Janmyr Pdf
Rather than serving as civilian and humanitarian safe havens, refugee camps are notorious for their insecurity. Due to the host state’s inability or unwillingness to provide protection, camps are often administered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and its implementing partners. When a violation occurs in these situations, to which actors shall responsibility be allocated? Through an analysis of the International Law Commission’s work on international responsibility, Maja Janmyr argues that the ‘primary’ responsibility of states does not exclude the responsibilities of other actors. Using the example of Uganda, Janmyr questions the general assumption that ‘unable and unwilling’ is the same as ‘unable or unwilling’, and argues for the necessity of distinguishing between these two scenarios. Doing so leads to different conclusions in terms of responsibility for the state, and therefore for UNHCR and its implementing partners.
Boot Camps for Juvenile Offenders by Blair B. Bourque Pdf
Examines the feasibility, appropriateness, & promise of the boot camp model for juvenile offenders. Three sites were evaluated: Cleveland, OH, Mobile, AL, & Denver, Co. Provides detailed descriptions of the programs at each site, including the assumptions, rationales, & contexts that determined how each site went about developing their program. Discusses how well the programs succeeded in the short term, during the boot camp, as well as the subsequent aftercare program. Provides recommendations for improving boot camp structure & process.
A Polish Doctor in the Nazi Camps by Barbara Rylko-Bauer Pdf
Jadwiga Lenartowicz Rylko, known as Jadzia (Yah′-jah), was a young Polish Catholic physician in Łódź at the start of World War II. Suspected of resistance activities, she was arrested in January 1944. For the next fifteen months, she endured three Nazi concentration camps and a forty-two-day death march, spending part of this time working as a prisoner-doctor to Jewish slave laborers. A Polish Doctor in the Nazi Camps follows Jadzia from her childhood and medical training, through her wartime experiences, to her struggles to create a new life in the postwar world. Jadzia’s daughter, anthropologist Barbara Rylko-Bauer, constructs an intimate ethnography that weaves a personal family narrative against a twentieth-century historical backdrop. As Rylko-Bauer travels back in time with her mother, we learn of the particular hardships that female concentration camp prisoners faced. The struggle continued after the war as Jadzia attempted to rebuild her life, first as a refugee doctor in Germany and later as an immigrant to the United States. Like many postwar immigrants, Jadzia had high hopes of making new connections and continuing her career. Unable to surmount personal, economic, and social obstacles to medical licensure, however, she had to settle for work as a nurse’s aide. As a contribution to accounts of wartime experiences, Jadzia’s story stands out for its sensitivity to the complexities of the Polish memory of war. Built upon both historical research and conversations between mother and daughter, the story combines Jadzia’s voice and Rylko-Bauer’s own journey of rediscovering her family’s past. The result is a powerful narrative about struggle, survival, displacement, and memory, augmenting our understanding of a horrific period in human history and the struggle of Polish immigrants in its aftermath.
The Camps of God: Out of the Chaos, Into the Kingdom by John F. Finkbeiner Pdf
“Nothing in the world is as powerful as an idea whose time has come,” so wrote 19th century French author, Victor Hugo. The Camps of God is a powerful heaven-sent idea that will rescue a great multitude from the growing chaos and lead them on a path of escape toward the coming Kingdom of God. "The Camps of God" did not originate with men. It comes to us from God's Word. We know of it because the Spirit's veil has been lifted. Insights have been shown from Scripture and written in The Camps of God’s pages. Chapters such as “Escape,” “Invitation to a Feast,” and “A Powerful Defense,” will reveal the Lord’s perfect plan. Be warned about the Broad Gate and the Broad Road. They lead only to destruction. By faith, enter the narrow gate. After God’s work in His Camp is complete, saints will come out the other side prepared to meet Jesus in the clouds. This book is not for everybody. Not everyone sees the direction the world is headed. Many do not see civilization spinning out of control. The chosen fear God and see signs we are near the end of this age. Cover-to-cover, the saints will read with joy then take action. Great ideas are forever. "The Camps of God" will sound the trumpet. Happy are those ready and eager to move out of the chaos and into Jesus' Kingdom.