Competitive Trade With Conflict

Author : Anwar Shaikh
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 896 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2016-01-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199390656

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Capitalism by Anwar Shaikh Pdf

Orthodox economics operates within a hypothesized world of perfect competition in which perfect consumers and firms act to bring about supposedly optimal outcomes. The discrepancies between this model and the reality it claims to address are then attributed to particular imperfections in reality itself. Most heterodox economists seize on this fact and insist that the world is characterized by imperfect competition. But this only ties them to the notion of perfect competition, which remains as their point of departure and base of comparison. There is no imperfection without perfection. In Capitalism, Anwar Shaikh takes a different approach. He demonstrates that most of the central propositions of economic analysis can be derived without any reference to standard devices such as hyperrationality, optimization, perfect competition, perfect information, representative agents, or so-called rational expectations. This perspective allows him to look afresh at virtually all the elements of economic analysis: the laws of demand and supply, the determination of wage and profit rates, technological change, relative prices, interest rates, bond and equity prices, exchange rates, terms and balance of trade, growth, unemployment, inflation, and long booms culminating in recurrent general crises. In every case, Shaikh's innovative theory is applied to modern empirical patterns and contrasted with neoclassical, Keynesian, and Post-Keynesian approaches to the same issues. Shaikh's object of analysis is the economics of capitalism, and he explores the subject in this expansive light. This is how the classical economists, as well as Keynes and Kalecki, approached the issue. Anyone interested in capitalism and economics in general can gain a wealth of knowledge from this ground-breaking text.

Author : Einar Hope
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2002-03-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134704590

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Competition and Trade Policies by Einar Hope Pdf

The relationship between competition and trade policies, and the development of an effective competition policy for an integrated world economy, is one of the most important and challenging issues policy makers currently face. This book examines the current debates around competition and trade policy interactions, and discusses the need for new policy initiatives in an international context.

Author : C. Fred Bergsten,Joseph E. Gagnon
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780881327250

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Currency Conflict and Trade Policy by C. Fred Bergsten,Joseph E. Gagnon Pdf

Conflicts over currency valuations are a recurrent feature of the modern global economy. To strengthen their international competitiveness, many countries resort to buying foreign currencies to make their exports cheaper and their imports more expensive. In the first decade of the 21st century, for example, China's currency manipulation practices were so flagrant that they produced a backlash in the United States and other trading partners, prompting threats of retaliation. How damaging is the practice of currency manipulation—and how extensive is the problem? This book by C. Fred Bergsten and Joseph E. Gagnon—two leading experts on trade, investment, and the effects of currency manipulation—traces the history, causes, and effects of currency manipulation and analyzes a range of policy responses that the United States could adopt. The book is an indispensable guide to a complex and serious problem and what might be done to solve it.

Author : Michael J. Hiscox
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691214863

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International Trade and Political Conflict by Michael J. Hiscox Pdf

This book unveils a potent new approach to one of the oldest debates in political economy--that over whether class conflict or group competition is more prevalent in politics. It goes further than any study to date by outlining the conditions under which one type of political conflict is more likely than the other. Michael Hiscox focuses on a critical issue affecting support for and opposition to free trade--factor mobility, or the ability of those who own a factor of production (land, labor, or capital) to move it from one industry to another. He argues that the types of political coalitions that form in trade politics depend largely on the extent to which factors are mobile between industries. Class coalitions are more likely where factor mobility is high, Hiscox demonstrates, whereas narrow, industry-based coalitions predominate where it is low. The book also breaks new ground by backing up the theory it advances with systematic evidence from the history of trade politics in six nations over the last two centuries, using a combination of case studies and quantitative analysis. It makes fresh conclusions about the forces shaping trade policy outcomes--conclusions that yield surprising insights into the likely evolution of the global trading system and U.S. trade policy in particular. International Trade and Political Conflict is a major contribution to the scholarly literature while being accessible to anyone interested in understanding and predicting developments in trade policy.

Author : Stephen D. Cohen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UCAL:B4386462

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Uneasy Partnership by Stephen D. Cohen Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Kiel Institute for World Economics,Hamburg Institute for Economic Research,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1996-10-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309175517

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Conflict and Cooperation in National Competition for High-Technology Industry by National Research Council,Kiel Institute for World Economics,Hamburg Institute for Economic Research,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Pdf

This unique volume contains a powerful set of recommendations on issues at the center of international discussions on investment, trade, and technology policy. They take into account the globalization of industrial activity and the special characteristics of high-technology industries while recognizing the continued policy role of national governments. The book identifies the rationale for promotional measures for high-technology industries, delineates sources of friction among the leading industrial countries, and proposes policies to enhance international cooperation and strengthen the multilateral trading regime. This volume also examines the factors driving collaboration among otherwise competing firms and national programs, highlights the need to develop principles of equitable public and private international cooperation, and emphasizes the linkage between investment, government procurement, and other trade policies and prospects for enhanced international cooperation.

Author : Richard Allen Epstein,Michael S. Greve
Publisher : American Enterprise Institute
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0844742015

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Competition Laws in Conflict by Richard Allen Epstein,Michael S. Greve Pdf

Moreover, states have powerful incentives to permit domestic industries to exploit outsiders, or even to facilitate such practices. High-profile antitrust conflicts, from the prosecution of Microsoft in state, national, and international forums to the transatlantic disagreement over the European Union's merger policy, illustrate the difficulties. Possible solutions to these problems range from improved intergovernmental cooperation, to direct policy harmonization, to a new regime of "structured competition" in antitrust policy modeled on U.S. corporation law.

Author : National Research Council,Kiel Institute for World Economics,Hamburg Institute for Economic Research,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1996-11-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309055291

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Conflict and Cooperation in National Competition for High-Technology Industry by National Research Council,Kiel Institute for World Economics,Hamburg Institute for Economic Research,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Pdf

This unique volume contains a powerful set of recommendations on issues at the center of international discussions on investment, trade, and technology policy. They take into account the globalization of industrial activity and the special characteristics of high-technology industries while recognizing the continued policy role of national governments. The book identifies the rationale for promotional measures for high-technology industries, delineates sources of friction among the leading industrial countries, and proposes policies to enhance international cooperation and strengthen the multilateral trading regime. This volume also examines the factors driving collaboration among otherwise competing firms and national programs, highlights the need to develop principles of equitable public and private international cooperation, and emphasizes the linkage between investment, government procurement, and other trade policies and prospects for enhanced international cooperation.

Author : National Research Council,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1997-10-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309057295

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International Friction and Cooperation in High-Technology Development and Trade by National Research Council,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Pdf

Author : Ralph E. Gomory,William J. Baumol
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262545808

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Global Trade and Conflicting National Interests by Ralph E. Gomory,William J. Baumol Pdf

Ralph Gomory and William Baumol adapt classical trade models to the modern world economy. In this book Ralph Gomory and William Baumol adapt classical trade models to the modern world economy. Trade today is dominated by manufactured goods, rapidly moving technology, and huge firms that benefit from economies of scale. This is very different from the largely agricultural world in which the classical theories originated. Gomory and Baumol show that the new and significant conflicts resulting from international trade are inherent in modern economies.Today improvement in one country's productive capabilities is often attainable only at the expense of another country's general welfare. The authors describe why and when this is so and why, in a modern free-trade environment, a country might have a vital stake in the competitive strength of its industries.

Author : Laura D'Andrea Tyson
Publisher : Peterson Institute
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0881321060

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Who's Bashing Whom? by Laura D'Andrea Tyson Pdf

Governments around the world? This volume answers these questions on the basis of detailed and rigorous case studies of trade disputes between the United States, Japan, and Europe in aircraft, semiconductors, supercomputers, telecommunications, and other electronics products. Tyson proposes a "cautious activist" policy agenda to promote US competitiveness in high-technology sectors and to strengthen multilateral rules governing high-technology trade.

Author : Laura D'Andrea Tyson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Competition, International
ISBN : UCSD:31822015540982

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Who's Bashing Whom? by Laura D'Andrea Tyson Pdf

Governments around the world? This volume answers these questions on the basis of detailed and rigorous case studies of trade disputes between the United States, Japan, and Europe in aircraft, semiconductors, supercomputers, telecommunications, and other electronics products. Tyson proposes a "cautious activist" policy agenda to promote US competitiveness in high-technology sectors and to strengthen multilateral rules governing high-technology trade.

Author : Douglas A. Irwin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 873 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226399010

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Clashing Over Commerce by Douglas A. Irwin Pdf

A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs

Author : Paul Blustein
Publisher : CIGI
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781928096870

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Schism by Paul Blustein Pdf

China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 was heralded as historic, and for good reason: the world's most populous nation was joining the rule-based system that has governed international commerce since World War II. But the full ramifications of that event are only now becoming apparent, as the Chinese economic juggernaut has evolved in unanticipated and profoundly troublesome ways. In this book, journalist Paul Blustein chronicles the contentious process resulting in China's WTO membership and the transformative changes that followed, both good and bad – for China, for its trading partners, and for the global trading system as a whole. The book recounts how China opened its markets and underwent far-reaching reforms that fuelled its economic takeoff, but then adopted policies – a cheap currency and heavy-handed state intervention – that unfairly disadvantaged foreign competitors and circumvented WTO rules. Events took a potentially catastrophic turn in 2018 with the eruption of a trade war between China and the United States, which has brought the trading system to a breaking point. Regardless of how the latest confrontation unfolds, the world will be grappling for decades with the challenges posed by China Inc.

Author : Franz Waldenberger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783642457401

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The Political Economy of Trade Conflicts by Franz Waldenberger Pdf

David Ricardo's law of comparative advantage and his finding that free trade increases the wealth of all participating nations is one of the very few economic laws which is accepted by almost all economists. But economic reason and economic policy do not always follow the same path. This especially applies to trade policies. A substantial and growing part of trade between Japan, Europe and the US does not follow the principles of free trade, but is more accurately managed trade. The management of international trade, international trade negotiations, and the political dynamics of trade conflicts create a complex reality which follows its own laws without regard to economic policy prescriptions. This political-economic reality was the subject of the conference 'The Political Economy of Trade Conflicts' organizedjoindy by the German Institute for Japanese Studies and the Friedrich-Ebert-Foundation together with the Institute of Modern Political Science and Economics of Waseda University in December 1993. We present the results of the conference in this reader. Three issues were of special importance: the US-Japanese conflict over the reduction of trade imbalances via quantitative import targets; the liberalization of trade in agricultural products, especially the opening of the Japanese rice market; and the trade tensions between the European Union, the US and Japan in high technology industries. The conference took place immediately before the conclusion of the Uruguay Round, and yet its subject continues to be of high political importance. In early 1994, the US-Japan conflict around quantitative import targets became more tense.