Disposal Of Radioactive Waste

Author : W. Miller,R. Alexander,N. Chapman,John C McKinley,J.A.T. Smellie
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2000-11-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080532455

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Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes and Natural Analogues by W. Miller,R. Alexander,N. Chapman,John C McKinley,J.A.T. Smellie Pdf

Many countries are currently exploring the option to dispose of highly radioactive solid wastes deep underground in purpose built, engineered repositories. A number of surface and shallow repositories for less radioactive wastes are already in operation. One of the challenges facing the nuclear industry is to demonstrate confidently that a repository will contain wastes for so long that any releases that might take place in the future will pose no significant health or environmental risk. One method for building confidence in the long-term future safety of a repository is to look at the physical and chemical processes which operate in natural and archaeological systems, and to draw appropriate parallels with the repository. For example, to understand why some uranium orebodies have remained isolated underground for billions of years. Such studies are called 'natural analogues'. This book investigates the concept of geological disposal and examines the wide range of natural analogues which have been studied. Lessons learnt from studies of archaeological and natural systems can be used to improve our capabilities for assessing the future safety of a radioactive waste repository.

Author : W. R. Alexander,Linda McKinley
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2011-07-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0080468888

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Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste by W. R. Alexander,Linda McKinley Pdf

Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste presents a critical review of designing, siting, constructing and demonstrating the safety and environmental impact of deep repositories for radioactive wastes. It is structured to provide a broad perspective of this multi-faceted, multi-disciplinary topic: providing enough detail for a non-specialist to understand the fundamental principles involved and with extensive references to sources of more detailed information. Emphasis is very much on “deep geological disposal – at least some tens of metres below land surface and, in many cases, many hundred of metres deep. Additionally, only radioactive wastes are considered directly – even though such wastes often contain also significant chemotoxic or otherwise hazardous components. Many of the principles involved are generally applicable to other repository options (e.g. near-surface or on-surface disposal) and, indeed, to other types of hazardous waste. Presents a current critical review in designing, siting, constructing and demonsrating the safety and environmental impact of deep repositories for radwaste Addresses the fundamental principles of radioactive waste with up-to-date examples and real-world case studies Written for a multi-disciplinary audience, with an appropriate level of detail to allow a non-specialist to understand

Author : Konrad Krauskopf
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400912014

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Radioactive Waste Disposal and Geology by Konrad Krauskopf Pdf

The perception of radioactive waste as a major problem for the industrial world has developed only recently. Four decades ago the disposal of such waste was regarded as a relatively minor matter. Those were the heady days when nuclear fission seemed the answer to the world's energy needs: the two wartime bombs had demonstrated its awesome power, and now it was to be harnessed for the production of electricity, the excavation of canals, even the running of cars and airplanes. In all applications of fission some waste containing radioactive elements would be generated of course, but it seemed only a trivial annoyance, a problem whose solution could be deferred until the more exciting challenges of constructing reactors and devising more efficient weapons had been mastered. So waste accumulated, some in tanks and some buried in shallow trenches. These were recognized as only temporary, makeshift measures, because it was known that the debris would be hazardous to its surroundings for many thousands of years and hence that more permanent disposal would someday be needed. The difficulty of accomplishing this more lasting disposal only gradually became apparent. The difficulty has been compounded by uncertainty about the physiological effects oflow-Ievel radiation, by the inadequacy of detailed knowledge about the behavior of engineered and geologic materials over long periods under unusual conditions, and by the sensitization of popular fears about radiation in all its forms following widely publicized reactor accidents and leaks from waste storage sites.

Author : Raymond L. Murray
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015047573293

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Understanding Radioactive Waste by Raymond L. Murray Pdf

This "objective" report, originally prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy, tells the glowing, happy story of nuclear waste disposal in America. The fourth edition has been updated to include the latest legislative and technical changes. It begins by explaining what radioactivity is and goes on to explore the merits of various methods of disposal and the use of licensing and regulation as forms of protection. Filled with graphs, tables, diagrams, and black and white photos. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : D. G. Brookins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461382546

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Geochemical Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal by D. G. Brookins Pdf

There is an extremely voluminous literature on radioactive waste and its disposal, much in the form of government-sponsored research reports. To wade through this mountain of literature is indeed a tedious task, and it is safe to speculate that very few, if any, individuals have the time to examine each report that has been issued during the preceding ten years. This book attempts to summarize much of this literature. Further, many workers in the geosciences have not received training in the nuclear sciences, and many nuclear scientists could be better versed in geology. In this book an attempt is made to cover some background material on radioactive wastes and geotoxicity that may not be an integral part of a geologist's training, and background material on geology and geochemistry for the nuclear scientist. The geochemical material is designed for both the geoscientist and the nuclear scientist. There is no specific level for this book. Certainly, it should be useful to advanced undergraduates and graduates studying geology and nuclear science. It does not pretend to cover a tremendous amount of detail in all subjects, yet the references cited provide the necessary source materials for follow-up study. It is my intention that the reader of this book will have a better, broader understanding of the geochemical aspects of radioactive waste disposal than is otherwise available in anyone source.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Radioactive waste disposal
ISBN : UVA:X002290695

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Radioactive Waste Management by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Board on Radioactive Waste Management,Panel on Social and Economic Aspects of Radioactive Waste Management
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1984-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309034449

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Social and Economic Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Board on Radioactive Waste Management,Panel on Social and Economic Aspects of Radioactive Waste Management Pdf

To complement the growing body of knowledge on the physical aspects of radioactive waste disposal, this new report identifies the "socioeconomic and institutional" policy issues that must be addressed in implementing the Nuclear Waste Policy Act. Site location, transportation modes, disposal schedules, regulatory systems, and the effects of these systems on the people living near the sites and along the transportation routes are addressed.

Author : United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1959
Category : Radioactive waste disposal
ISBN : STANFORD:36105045153371

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Industrial Radioactive Waste Disposal by United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Nuclear energy
ISBN : IND:30000083627749

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Radioactive Waste by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Improving Practices for Regulating and Managing Low-Activity Radioactive Waste
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2006-04-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309164696

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Improving the Regulation and Management of Low-Activity Radioactive Wastes by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Improving Practices for Regulating and Managing Low-Activity Radioactive Waste Pdf

The largest volumes of radioactive wastes in the United States contain only small amounts of radioactive material. These low-activity wastes (LAW) come from hospitals, utilities, research institutions, and defense installations where nuclear material is used. Millions of cubic feet of LAW also arise every year from non-nuclear enterprises such as mining and water treatment. While LAW present much less of a radiation hazard than spent nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive wastes, they can cause health risks if controlled improperly. Improving the Regulation and Management of Low-Activity Radioactive Wastes asserts that LAW should be regulated and managed according to the degree of risk they pose for treatment, storage, and disposal. Current regulations are based primarily on the type of industry that produced the waste-the waste's origin-rather than its risk. In this report, a risk-informed approach for regulating and managing all types of LAW in the United States is proposed. Implemented in a gradual or stepwise fashion, this approach combines scientific risk assessment with public values and perceptions. It focuses on the hazardous properties of the waste in question and how they compare with other waste materials. The approach is based on established principles for risk-informed decision making, current risk-informed initiatives by waste regulators in the United States and abroad, solutions available under current regulatory authorities, and remedies through new legislation when necessary.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Board on Radioactive Waste Management
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1999-10-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309184588

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Disposition of High-Level Radioactive Waste Through Geological Isolation by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Board on Radioactive Waste Management Pdf

During the next several years, decisions are expected to be made in several countries on the further development and implementation of the geological disposition option. The Board on Radioactive Waste Management (BRWM) of the U.S. National Academies believes that informed and reasoned discussion of relevant scientific, engineering and social issues can-and should-play a constructive role in the decision process by providing information to decision makers on relevant technical and policy issues. A BRWM-initiated project including a workshop at Irvine, California on November 4-5, 1999, and subsequent National Academies' report to be published in spring, 2000, are intended to provide such information to national policy makers both in the U.S. and abroad. To inform national policies, it is essential that experts from the physical, geological, and engineering sciences, and experts from the policy and social science communities work together. Some national programs have involved social science and policy experts from the beginning, while other programs have only recently recognized the importance of this collaboration. An important goal of the November workshop is to facilitate dialogue between these communities, as well as to encourage the sharing of experiences from many national programs. The workshop steering committee has prepared this discussion for participants at the workshop. It should elicit critical comments and help identify topics requiring in-depth discussion at the workshop. It is not intended as a statement of findings, conclusions, or recommendations. It is rather intended as a vehicle for stimulating dialogue among the workshop participants. Out of that dialogue will emerge the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the National Academies' report.

Author : Ray Kemp
Publisher : Manchester University Press
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Radioactive wastes
ISBN : 0719031842

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The Politics of Radioactive Waste Disposal by Ray Kemp Pdf

Considers the politics of low-level and intermediate-level radioactive waste disposal (high-level waste is another kettle of [toxic] fish altogether, just now beginning to enter the political arena) from a comparative international perspective in order to discover what factors impinge upon the overriding need for legitimate and publicly acceptable solutions. Distributed by St. Martin's Press. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : Jonathan R. Lloyd,Andrea Cherkouk
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128186961

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The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal by Jonathan R. Lloyd,Andrea Cherkouk Pdf

The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal is a state-of-the-art reference featuring contributions focusing on the impact of microbes on the safe long-term disposal of nuclear waste. This book is the first to cover this important emerging topic, and is written for a wide audience encompassing regulators, implementers, academics, and other stakeholders. The book is also of interest to those working on the wider exploitation of the subsurface, such as bioremediation, carbon capture and storage, geothermal energy, and water quality. Planning for suitable facilities in the U.S., Europe, and Asia has been based mainly on knowledge from the geological and physical sciences. However, recent studies have shown that microbial life can proliferate in the inhospitable environments associated with radioactive waste disposal, and can control the long-term fate of nuclear materials. This can have beneficial and damaging impacts, which need to be quantified. Encompasses expertise from both the bio and geo disciplines, aiming to foster important collaborations across this disciplinary divide Includes reviews and research papers from leading groups in the field Provides helpful guidance in light of plans progressing worldwide for geological disposal facilities Includes timely research for planning and safety case development

Author : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 948 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Radioactive waste disposal
ISBN : STANFORD:36105216448733

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Radioactive Waste Processing and Disposal by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Pdf

Author : W. Miller,R. Alexander,N. Chapman,John C McKinley,J.A.T. Smellie
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2000-11-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0080553052

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Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes and Natural Analogues by W. Miller,R. Alexander,N. Chapman,John C McKinley,J.A.T. Smellie Pdf

Many countries are currently exploring the option to dispose of highly radioactive solid wastes deep underground in purpose built, engineered repositories. A number of surface and shallow repositories for less radioactive wastes are already in operation. One of the challenges facing the nuclear industry is to demonstrate confidently that a repository will contain wastes for so long that any releases that might take place in the future will pose no significant health or environmental risk. One method for building confidence in the long-term future safety of a repository is to look at the physical and chemical processes which operate in natural and archaeological systems, and to draw appropriate parallels with the repository. For example, to understand why some uranium orebodies have remained isolated underground for billions of years. Such studies are called 'natural analogues'. This book investigates the concept of geological disposal and examines the wide range of natural analogues which have been studied. Lessons learnt from studies of archaeological and natural systems can be used to improve our capabilities for assessing the future safety of a radioactive waste repository.