Epa Chemical Assessments

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2009-03-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309120463

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Science and Decisions by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA Pdf

Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.

Author : J. Alfredo Gomez
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2013-07-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1457846721

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Chemical Assessments by J. Alfredo Gomez Pdf

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database in 1985 to help develop consensus opinions within the agency about the health effects from chronic exposure to chemicals. The health effects information in IRIS -- referred to as IRIS toxicity assessments -- provides fundamental scientific information EPA needs to develop human health risk assessments. This report determines the extent to which (1) EPA has evaluated demand for IRIS toxicity assessments from users inside and outside EPA; (2) EPA's process for nominating and selecting chemicals for IRIS toxicity assessment accurately reflects demand; and (3) EPA has implemented a strategy for addressing any unmet agency needs when IRIS toxicity assessments are not available, applicable, or current. Figures. This is a print on demand report.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Health risk assessment
ISBN : UOM:39015043186363

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EPA 630/R by Anonim Pdf

Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Carcinogenicity testing
ISBN : UCLA:L0061420634

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EPA Risk Assessment Guidelines and Information Directory by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 668 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1994-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309048941

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Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants Pdf

The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.

Author : John B. Stephenson
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2008-10
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781437905977

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Chemical Assessments: EPA¿s New Assessment Process Will Further Limit the Productivity and Credibility of Its Integrated Risk Info. System by John B. Stephenson Pdf

The EPA¿s Integrated Risk Info. System (IRIS) contains EPA¿s position on the potential human health effects of exposure to more than 540 chemicals. Toxicity assessments in the IRIS database constitute the first 2 critical steps of the risk assessment process, which in turn provides the foundation for risk mgmt. decisions. Thus, IRIS is a critical component of EPA¿s capacity to support scientifically sound environmental decisions, policies, and regulations. This testimony discusses: (1) highlights of a 3/08 report, ¿Chemical Assessments: Low Productivity and New Interagency Review Process Limit the Usefulness and Credibility of EPA¿s Integrated Risk Info. System;¿ and (2) key aspects of EPA¿s revised IRIS assessment process, released on 4/10/08.

Author : John B. Stephenson
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 13 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2009-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781437917963

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EPA Chemical Assessments: Process Reforms Offer the Potential to Address Key Problems by John B. Stephenson Pdf

The EPA Integrated Risk Info. System (IRIS) contains EPA's scientific position on the potential human health effects of exposure to more than 540 chemicals. Toxicity assessments in the IRIS database constitute the first two critical steps of the risk assessment process. Thus, IRIS is a critical component of EPA's capacity to support scientifically sound environmental decisions, policies, and regulations. This testimony discusses: (1) the findings from a March 2008 report ¿Chemical Assessments: Low Productivity and New Interagency Review Process Limit the Usefulness and Credibility of EPA's Integrated Risk Info. System¿ and related testimonies; and (2) a preliminary evaluation of the revised IRIS assessment process EPA issued on May 21, 2009.

Author : United States. Government Accountability Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1226802419

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Chemical Assessments :. by United States. Government Accountability Office Pdf

Author : United States Government Accountability Office
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-09-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 197619072X

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Chemical Assessments by United States Government Accountability Office Pdf

The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) contains EPA's scientific position on the potential human health effects of exposure to more than 540 chemicals. IRIS is a critical component of EPA's capacity to support scientifically sound environmental decisions, policies, and regulations. GAO was asked to examine (1) the outcome of steps EPA has taken to ensure that IRIS contains current, credible chemical risk information, to address the backlog of ongoing assessments, and to respond to new requirements from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB); and (2) the potential effects of planned changes to the IRIS assessment process on EPA's ability to ensure that IRIS provides current, credible risk information. To do this work, GAO reviewed and analyzed EPA data and interviewed officials at relevant agencies.

Author : Marcus Rowe
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Chemicals
ISBN : 1633211665

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Health Assessments of Chemicals and Contaminants by Marcus Rowe Pdf

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has not conducted a recent evaluation of demand for Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) toxicity assessments with input from users inside and outside EPA. The health effects information in IRIS provides fundamental scientific information EPA needs to develop human health risk assessments. Specifically, EPA issued a needs assessment report in 2003, which estimated that 50 new or updated IRIS toxicity assessments were needed each year to meet users' needs. This book determines the extent to which EPA has evaluated demand for IRIS toxicity assessments from users inside and outside EPA; EPA's process for nominating and selecting chemicals for IRIS toxicity assessment and strategies for addressing any unmet agency needs when IRIS toxicity assessments are not available, applicable, or current.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Health risk assessment
ISBN : MINN:30000002007155

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Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables by Anonim Pdf

Author : John B. Stephenson
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2009-03
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781437909920

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EPA Science: New Assessment Process Further Limits the Credibility and Timeliness of EPA's Assessments of Toxic Chemicals by John B. Stephenson Pdf

The EPA¿s Integrated Risk Info. System (IRIS) contains EPA¿s scientific position on the potential human health effects of exposure to more than 540 chemicals. Toxicity assessments in the IRIS database constitute the first two critical steps of the risk assessment process. Thus, IRIS is a critical component of EPA¿s capacity to support scientifically sound environmental decisions, policies, and regulations. This testimony discusses: (1) highlights of a report, ¿Chemical Assessments: Low Productivity and New Interagency Review Process Limit the Usefulness and Credibility of EPA¿s IRIS:¿; (2) key aspects of EPA¿s revised IRIS assessment process; and (3) progress EPA has made in completing assessments in FY 2008. Charts and tables.

Author : U.s. Government Accountability Office
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-08-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1974198278

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Chemical Assessments by U.s. Government Accountability Office Pdf

" EPA created the IRIS database in 1985 to help develop consensus opinions within the agency about the health effects from chronic exposure to chemicals. The health effects information in IRIS-referred to as IRIS toxicity assessments-provides fundamental scientific information EPA needs to develop human health risk assessments. GAO was asked to review the effectiveness of EPA's implementation of its IRIS toxicity assessment process. This report determines the extent to which (1) EPA has evaluated demand for IRIS toxicity assessments from users inside and outside EPA; (2) EPA's process for nominating and selecting chemicals for IRIS toxicity assessment accurately reflects demand; and (3) EPA has implemented a strategy for addressing any unmet agency needs when IRIS toxicity assessments are not available, applicable, or current. To do this work, GAO reviewed and analyzed IRIS nomination data, among other things, and interviewed EPA officials. GAO did not evaluate the scientific content or quality of IRIS toxicity assessments. "

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the IRIS Process
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309304177

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Review of EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Process by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the IRIS Process Pdf

The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) is a program within the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that is responsible for developing toxicologic assessments of environmental contaminants. An IRIS assessment contains hazard identifications and dose-response assessments of various chemicals related to cancer and noncancer outcomes. Although the program was created to increase consistency among toxicologic assessments within the agency, federal, state, and international agencies and other organizations have come to rely on IRIS assessments for setting regulatory standards, establishing exposure guidelines, and estimating risks to exposed populations. Over the last decade, the National Research Council (NRC) has been asked to review some of the more complex and challenging IRIS assessments, including those of formaldehyde, dioxin, and tetrachloroethylene. In 2011, an NRC committee released its review of the IRIS formaldehyde assessment. Like other NRC committees that had reviewed IRIS assessments, the formaldehyde committee identified deficiencies in the specific assessment and more broadly in some of EPA's general approaches and specific methods. Although the committee focused on evaluating the IRIS formaldehyde assessment, it provided suggestions for improving the IRIS process and a roadmap for its revision in case EPA decided to move forward with changes to the process. Congress directed EPA to implement the report's recommendations and then asked the National Research Council to review the changes that EPA was making (or proposing to make) in response to the recommendations. Review of EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Process provides an overview of some general issues associated with IRIS assessments. This report then addresses evidence identification and evaluation for IRIS assessments and discusses evidence integration for hazard evaluation and methods for calculating reference values and unit risks. The report makes recommendations and considerations for future directions. Overall, Review of EPA's Integrated Risk Information System Process finds that substantial improvements in the IRIS process have been made, and it is clear that EPA has embraced and is acting on the recommendations in the NRC formaldehyde report. The recommendations of this report should be seen as building on the progress that EPA has already made.

Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Chemicals
ISBN : UIUC:30112033994903

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Toxic Substances by United States. General Accounting Office Pdf