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The forcible uprooting and expulsion of the 60,000 Indians comprising the Five Civilized Tribes, including the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Cherokee, and Seminole, unfolded a story that was unparalleled in the history of the United States. The tribes were relocated to Oklahoma and there were chroniclers to record the events and tragedy along the "Trail of Tears."
Of The Interior U.S. Department,United States. Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes
Author : Of The Interior U.S. Department,United States. Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes Publisher : Editora Gente Liv e Edit Ltd Page : 646 pages File Size : 46,5 Mb Release : 2011-05 Category : Reference ISBN : 0806317396
The Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory by Of The Interior U.S. Department,United States. Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes Pdf
Author : Alaina E. Roberts Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press Page : 209 pages File Size : 48,6 Mb Release : 2021-03-12 Category : History ISBN : 9780812297980
I've Been Here All the While by Alaina E. Roberts Pdf
Perhaps no other symbol has more resonance in African American history than that of "40 acres and a mule"—the lost promise of Black reparations for slavery after the Civil War. In I've Been Here All the While, we meet the Black people who actually received this mythic 40 acres, the American settlers who coveted this land, and the Native Americans whose holdings it originated from. In nineteenth-century Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma), a story unfolds that ties African American and Native American history tightly together, revealing a western theatre of Civil War and Reconstruction, in which Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Indians, their Black slaves, and African Americans and whites from the eastern United States fought military and rhetorical battles to lay claim to land that had been taken from others. Through chapters that chart cycles of dispossession, land seizure, and settlement in Indian Territory, Alaina E. Roberts draws on archival research and family history to upend the traditional story of Reconstruction. She connects debates about Black freedom and Native American citizenship to westward expansion onto Native land. As Black, white, and Native people constructed ideas of race, belonging, and national identity, this part of the West became, for a short time, the last place where Black people could escape Jim Crow, finding land and exercising political rights, until Oklahoma statehood in 1907.
The Five Civilized Tribes by Charles Hall Fitch Pdf
With the exception of a small area in the northeastern corner, belonging to several small tribes of Indians, Indian Territory comprises the lands of the Cherokees, Creeks, Seminoles, Choctaws and Chickasaws, five tribes, known as the Five Civilized Tribes, and to these tribes, just on the eve of important changes in their tribal governments, consideration is here given. Their lands were deeded to them upwards of seventy years ago, when the need of more room for the settlers in the South made their removal from the Southern States desirable. Then the country adjoining Arkansas on the west seemed a good place to send them, and at that time it was considered so remote from white settlements that, in all probability, no thought was given to the possibility of disturbing them again.
Author : United States. Census Office 11th Census, 1890 Publisher : Unknown Page : 132 pages File Size : 50,7 Mb Release : 1894 Category : Indians of North America ISBN : STANFORD:36105022602630
Side by side with the westward drift of white Americans in the 1830's was the forced migration of the Five Civilized Tribes from Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Both groups were deployed against the tribes of the prairies, both breaking the soil of the undeveloped hinterland. Both were striving in the years before the Civil War to found schools, churches, and towns, as well as to preserve orderly development through government and laws. In this book Grant Foreman brings to light the singular effect the westward movement of Indians had in the cultivation and settlement of the Trans-Mississippi region. It shows the Indian genius at its best and conveys the importance of the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles to the nascent culture of the plains. Their achievements between 1830 and 1860 were of vast importance in the making of America.
The Southern Indians by Robert Spencer 1884- Cotterill Pdf
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First Published in 2002. This study explores how the five tribes of Oklahoma - Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles - strove to achieve political unity within their tribes during the first decades of the 20th century by forging a new sense of peoplehood around the idea of blood.