Health Disease The Environment

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U.S. Health in International Perspective

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309264143

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U.S. Health in International Perspective by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries Pdf

The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

Health and the Environment in the Southeastern United States

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2002-11-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309085410

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Health and the Environment in the Southeastern United States by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine Pdf

The purpose of this regional workshop in the Southeast was to broaden the environmental health perspective from its typical focus on environmental toxicology to a view that included the impact of the natural, built, and social environments on human health. Early in the planning, Roundtable members realized that the process of engaging speakers and developing an agenda for the workshop would be nearly as instructive as the workshop itself. In their efforts to encourage a wide scope of participation, Roundtable members sought input from individuals from a broad range of diverse fields-urban planners, transportation engineers, landscape architects, developers, clergy, local elected officials, heads of industry, and others. This workshop summary captures the discussions that occurred during the two-day meeting. During this workshop, four main themes were explored: (1) environmental and individual health are intrinsically intertwined; (2) traditional methods of ensuring environmental health protection, such as regulations, should be balanced by more cooperative approaches to problem solving; (3) environmental health efforts should be holistic and interdisciplinary; and (4) technological advances, along with coordinated action across educational, business, social, and political spheres, offer great hope for protecting environmental health. This workshop report is an informational document that provides a summary of the regional meeting.

Preventing Disease Through Healthy Environments

Author : Annette Prüss-Üstün,Jennyfer Wolf,Carlos Corvalán,Robert Bos,World Health Organization,Dr. Maria Neira
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241565196

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Preventing Disease Through Healthy Environments by Annette Prüss-Üstün,Jennyfer Wolf,Carlos Corvalán,Robert Bos,World Health Organization,Dr. Maria Neira Pdf

"The main message emerging from this new comprehensive global assessment is that premature death and disease can be prevented through healthier environments--and to a significant degree. Analysing the latest data on the environment-disease nexus and the devastating impact of environmental hazards and risks on global health, backed up by expert opinion, this report covers more than 130 diseases and injuries. The analysis shows that 23% of global deaths (and 26% of deaths among children under five) are due to modifiable environmental factors--and therefore can be prevented. Stroke, ischaemic heart disease, diarrhoea and cancers head the list. People in low-income countries bear the greatest disease burden, with the exception of noncommunicable diseases. The report's unequivocal evidence should add impetus to coordinating global efforts to promote healthy environments--often through well-established, cost-effective interventions. This analysis will inform those who want to better understand the transformational spirit of the Sustainable Development Goals agreed by Heads of State in September 2015. The results of the analysis underscore the pressing importance of stronger intersectoral action to create healthier environments that will contribute to sustainably improving the lives of millions around the world."--Page 4 of cover.

The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st Century
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2003-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309133180

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The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st Century Pdf

The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.

Planetary Health

Author : Samuel Myers,Howard Frumkin
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 538 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2020-08-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781610919661

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Planetary Health by Samuel Myers,Howard Frumkin Pdf

Human health depends on the health of the planet. Earth’s natural systems—the air, the water, the biodiversity, the climate—are our life support systems. Yet climate change, biodiversity loss, scarcity of land and freshwater, pollution and other threats are degrading these systems. The emerging field of planetary health aims to understand how these changes threaten our health and how to protect ourselves and the rest of the biosphere. Planetary Health: Protecting Nature to Protect Ourselves provides a readable introduction to this new paradigm. With an interdisciplinary approach, the book addresses a wide range of health impacts felt in the Anthropocene, including food and nutrition, infectious disease, non-communicable disease, dislocation and conflict, and mental health. It also presents strategies to combat environmental changes and its ill-effects, such as controlling toxic exposures, investing in clean energy, improving urban design, and more. Chapters are authored by widely recognized experts. The result is a comprehensive and optimistic overview of a growing field that is being adopted by researchers and universities around the world. Students of public health will gain a solid grounding in the new challenges their profession must confront, while those in the environmental sciences, agriculture, the design professions, and other fields will become familiar with the human consequences of planetary changes. Understanding how our changing environment affects our health is increasingly critical to a variety of disciplines and professions. Planetary Health is the definitive guide to this vital field.

Health, Disease and the Environment

Author : Russell J. Foster
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1992-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0471946036

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Health, Disease and the Environment by Russell J. Foster Pdf

This book examines the links between human health and environmental factors, both natural and manmade. The author, a geographical scholar, explores the too little known environmental dimension in health and disease and using much original research demonstrates that location is often of crucial importance in a wide range of diseases, including cancers, heart disease, diabetes and many other conditions.

Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Assessing Interactions Among Social, Behavioral, and Genetic Factors in Health
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2006-12-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309101967

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Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Assessing Interactions Among Social, Behavioral, and Genetic Factors in Health Pdf

Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines; reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was based on investigating one causative factor at a time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of the science in researching such interactions, and recommends priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce, resource, and infrastructural needs.

Environment, Health and Population Displacement

Author : Andrew E. Collins
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780429844133

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Environment, Health and Population Displacement by Andrew E. Collins Pdf

First published in 1998, this book contributes to our understanding of emergent and resurgent infectious diseases and health ecology in developing areas through detailed spatial and temporal analysis of recent cholera and bacillary dysentery epidemics in Mozambique. The book examines the influence of environmental, demographic and socio-economic changes on the nature and context of cholera and bacillary dysentery. It provides a detailed background to the two diseases based on their ecology and contemporary status in human communities together with analysis of extensive primary field data centered on three key urban areas in central Mozambique. Influences are weighed up against factors relating to the individual ecologies of the different pathogens, primary subsistence, and the impacts of Mozambique's history of conflict and development policies on human vulnerability. The extensive case study material is used to provide clear indications of appropriate ways forward in the field of environmental health management.

Essentials of Environmental Health

Author : Robert Friis
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Publishers
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780763778903

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Essentials of Environmental Health by Robert Friis Pdf

Health Sciences & Professions

One Health: The Human-Animal-Environment Interfaces in Emerging Infectious Diseases

Author : John S. Mackenzie,Martyn Jeggo,Peter Daszak,Juergen A. Richt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642358463

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One Health: The Human-Animal-Environment Interfaces in Emerging Infectious Diseases by John S. Mackenzie,Martyn Jeggo,Peter Daszak,Juergen A. Richt Pdf

One Health is an emerging concept that aims to bring together human, animal, and environmental health. Achieving harmonized approaches for disease detection and prevention is difficult because traditional boundaries of medical and veterinary practice must be crossed. In the 19th and early 20th centuries this was not the case—then researchers like Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch and physicians like William Osler and Rudolph Virchow crossed the boundaries between animal and human health. More recently Calvin Schwabe revised the concept of One Medicine. This was critical for the advancement of the field of epidemiology, especially as applied to zoonotic diseases. The future of One Health is at a crossroads with a need to more clearly define its boundaries and demonstrate its benefits. Interestingly the greatest acceptance of One Health is seen in the developing world where it is having significant impacts on control of infectious diseases.

Environmental Medicine

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 988 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1995-05-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309051408

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Environmental Medicine by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine Pdf

People are increasingly concerned about potential environmental health hazards and often ask their physicians questions such as: "Is the tap water safe to drink?" "Is it safe to live near power lines?" Unfortunately, physicians often lack the information and training related to environmental health risks needed to answer such questions. This book discusses six competency based learning objectives for all medical school students, discusses the relevance of environmental health to specific courses and clerkships, and demonstrates how to integrate environmental health into the curriculum through published case studies, some of which are included in one of the book's three appendices. Also included is a guide on where to obtain additional information for treatment, referral, and follow-up for diseases with possible environmental and/or occupational origins.

One Health

Author : Ronald M. Atlas,Stanley Maloy
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781555818432

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One Health by Ronald M. Atlas,Stanley Maloy Pdf

Emerging infectious diseases are often due to environmental disruption, which exposes microbes to a different niche that selects for new virulence traits and facilitates transmission between animals and humans. Thus, health of humans also depends upon health of animals and the environment – a concept called One Health. This book presents core concepts, compelling evidence, successful applications, and remaining challenges of One Health approaches to thwarting the threat of emerging infectious disease. Written by scientists working in the field, this book will provide a series of "stories" about how disruption of the environment and transmission from animal hosts is responsible for emerging human and animal diseases. Explains the concept of One Health and the history of the One Health paradigm shift. Traces the emergence of devastating new diseases in both animals and humans. Presents case histories of notable, new zoonoses, including West Nile virus, hantavirus, Lyme disease, SARS, and salmonella. Links several epidemic zoonoses with the environmental factors that promote them. Offers insight into the mechanisms of microbial evolution toward pathogenicity. Discusses the many causes behind the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Presents new technologies and approaches for public health disease surveillance. Offers political and bureaucratic strategies for promoting the global acceptance of One Health.

States of Disease

Author : Brian King
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2017-01-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780520278219

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States of Disease by Brian King Pdf

"Human health is shaped by the interactions between social and ecological systems. States of Disease advances a social ecology of health framework to demonstrate how historical spatial formations contribute to contemporary vulnerabilities to disease and the possibilities for health justice. The book examines how managed HIV in South Africa is being transformed with expanded access to antiretroviral therapy, and how environmental health in northern Botswana is shifting due to global climate change and flooding variability. These cases demonstrate how the political environmental context shapes the ways in which health is embodied, experienced, and managed"--Provided by publisher.

Global Environmental Health in the 21st Century

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2007-03-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309103800

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Global Environmental Health in the 21st Century by Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine Pdf

Biological threats like SARS and natural disasters like the tsunami in Indonesia have devastated entire regions, and quickly exhausted budgetary resources. As the field of environmental health continues to evolve, scientists and others must focus on gaining a better understanding of the links between human health and various environmental factors, and on creating new paradigms and partnerships needed to address these complex environmental health challenges facing society. Global Environmental Health in the 21st Century: From Governmental Regulations to Corporate Social Responsibility: Workshop Summary discusses the role of industry in environmental health, examines programs designed to improve the overall state of environmental health, and explores how governmental and corporate entities can collaborate to manage this industry. Stakeholders in both the public and private sectors are looking for viable solutions as the complexity of societal problems and risks associated with management and varying regulatory standards continue to increase. Global Environmental Health in the 21st Century draws critical links and provides insight into the current shape of global environmental health. The book recommends expanding environmental management systems (EMS) to encompass a more extensive global network. It also provides a complete assessment of the benefits and costs resulting from implementation of various environmental management systems.

Global Development Goals and Linkages to Health and Sustainability

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309288675

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Global Development Goals and Linkages to Health and Sustainability by Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine Pdf

Global Development Goals and Linkages to Health and Sustainability is the summary of a public three-part webinar series hosted by the Global Environmental Health and Sustainable Development Innovation Collaborative between October and December, 2012. Experts within the fields of environmental and global health and members of government, academia, and civil society discussed global development goals that will focus on sustainable development to inform the Rio+20 post-2015 development agenda framework, which will likely be adopted at the September 2015 UN General Assembly. This report focuses on possible health-related measures and metrics that can be utilized for creating new Sustainable Development Goals as the Millennium Development Goals sunset in 2015, using existing measurements that can be adapted to track progress of global sustainable development and human health.