Ionizing Radiation Risk Assessment

Author : Committee for Review and Evaluation of the Medical Use Program of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1996-04-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309588751

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Radiation in Medicine by Committee for Review and Evaluation of the Medical Use Program of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,Institute of Medicine Pdf

Does radiation medicine need more regulation or simply better-coordinated regulation? This book addresses this and other questions of critical importance to public health and safety. The issues involved are high on the nation's agenda: the impact of radiation on public safety, the balance between federal and state authority, and the cost-benefit ratio of regulation. Although incidents of misadministration are rare, a case in Pennsylvania resulting in the death of a patient and the inadvertent exposure of others to a high dose of radiation drew attention to issues concerning the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine and the need to examine current regulatory practices. Written at the request from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Radiation in Medicine reviews the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine, focusing on the NRC's Medical Use Program, which governs the use of reactor-generated byproduct materials. The committee recommends immediate action on enforcement and provides longer term proposals for reform of the regulatory system. The volume covers Sources of radiation and their use in medicine. Levels of risk to patients, workers, and the public. Current roles of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, other federal agencies, and states. Criticisms from the regulated community. The committee explores alternative regulatory structures for radiation medicine and explains the rationale for the option it recommends in this volume. Based on extensive research, input from the regulated community, and the collaborative efforts of experts from a range of disciplines, Radiation in Medicine will be an important resource for federal and state policymakers and regulators, health professionals involved in radiation treatment, developers and producers of radiation equipment, insurance providers, and concerned laypersons.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR V)
Publisher : National Academies
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1990-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309039956

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Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR V) Pdf

This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.

Author : Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2006-03-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309133340

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Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation by Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation,National Research Council Pdf

This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.

Author : Seymour Jablon
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015011071795

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How to be Quantitative about Radiation Risk Estimates by Seymour Jablon Pdf

Author : John E. Till,Helen A. Grogan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 729 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2008-07-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195127270

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Radiological Risk Assessment and Environmental Analysis by John E. Till,Helen A. Grogan Pdf

A comprehensive book that explains methods used for estimating risk to people exposed to radioactive materials released to the environment by nuclear facilities or in an emergency such as a nuclear terrorist event.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1999-02-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309062978

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Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials Pdf

Naturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all humans are exposed. Many human activities-such as mining and milling of ores, extraction of petroleum products, use of groundwater for domestic purposes, and living in houses-alter the natural background of radiation either by moving naturally occurring radionuclides from inaccessible locations to locations where humans are present or by concentrating the radionuclides in the exposure environment. Such alterations of the natural environment can increase, sometimes substantially, radiation exposures of the public. Exposures of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) that result from human activities that alter the natural environment can be subjected to regulatory control, at least to some degree. The regulation of public exposures to such technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory and advisory organizations is the subject of this study by the National Research Council's Committee on the Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.

Author : National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
Publisher : NCRP
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9780913392911

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Ionizing Radiation Exposure of the Population of the United States by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Pdf

Author : A. D. Woodhead
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 531 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781468449709

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Assessment of Risk from Low-Level Exposure to Radiation and Chemicals by A. D. Woodhead Pdf

The present workshop had its orlglns in discussions among Alexander Hollaender, Oddvar Nygaard, Donald Borg, Richard Setlow and Victor Bond on the need for a symposium that would deal with a broad spectrum of pressing subjects related to the physics, chemistry, and biological actions of ionizing radiations, and the theoretical and practical problems of risk assessment. It soon became apparent that the spectrum of subjects considered was too broad for the desired depth of coverage; in fact, it seemed un likely that the conference participants would have the background knowledge to span the gamut. Therefore, two separate meetings were decided upon, the first of which, Comparison of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis by Radiation and Chemical Agents, was held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg on December 6-7, 1983. The meeting was sponsored by the NCI. The second meeting has emerged as the present workshop at Brookhaven National Laboratory. An interface between the two conferences has been provided by Michael Fry and Donald Borg, who have summarized the salient points emanating from the NCI Symposium. We intended that the first conference should focus on the basic mechanisms of radiation and chemical carcinogenesis, while the second, the present meeting, would emphasize exposure-response relationships, particularly the theoretical and practical similar ities and differences between exposure to chemical carcinogens compared to exposure to ionizing radiation.

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency,International Labour Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Ionizing radiation
ISBN : 9201378211

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Assessment of Prospective Cancer Risks from Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation by International Atomic Energy Agency,International Labour Organization Pdf

"Artificial sources of radiation are commonly used in the manufacturing and service industries, research institutions and universities, and the nuclear power industry. As a result, workers can be exposed to artificial sources of radiation. There are also a significant number of workers, such as underground miners and aircrew, who are exposed to naturally occurring sources of radiation. This publication, prepared in collaboration with the International Labour Organization, and with reference to IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3 provides guidance for individuals and organizations on the assessment of prospective cancer risks due to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation for prevention purposes. It describes cancer risk assessment theory, models and methodologies, and offers practical examples of carrying out these assessments."--Publisher's description.

Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 722 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Radiation
ISBN : MINN:31951P01176483I

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Problems in Assessing the Cancer Risks of Low-level Ionizing Radiation Exposure by United States. General Accounting Office Pdf

Author : National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
Publisher : NCRP
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780929600307

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Limitation of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Pdf

NCRP Report No. 116 is the latest in the long series of reports on basic radiation protection criteria that began in 1934. It supersedes the predecessor in the series, NCRP Report No. 91, which was published in 1987. The current Report takes advantage of new information, evaluations and thinking that have developed since 1987, particularly the risk estimate formulations set out in NCRP Report No. 115. While the recommendations set out in this Report do not constitute a radical revision of the basic criteria, they do represent a refinement of the system enunciated in Report No. 91. Important changes include the utilization of revised tissue/organ weighting factors and the introduction of radiation weighting factors. Also noteworthy is the introduction of an allowable reference level of intake. Noteworthy too is the recommendation of an age-based lifetime limit for control of occupational exposures and a major simplification of limits aimed at controlling the exposure of the embryo and fetus. This Report, after outlining the goals and philosophy of radiation protection and the basis for exposure limits, goes on to review, in some detail, absorbed dose, equivalent dose, radiation weighting factors, and effective dose. Committed equivalent dose and committed effective dose are also introduced. Risk estimates for radiation exposure are presented and then the dose limits are enunciated. The Report also covers exposure in excess of the limits, limits for unusual occupational situations, guidance for emergency occupational exposure, and remedial action levels for naturally occurring radiation.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilitiesâ¬"Phase I
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2012-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309255714

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Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilitiesâ¬"Phase I Pdf

In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1997-10-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309058957

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An Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations by Institute of Medicine Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : OCLC:1066396672

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Application of the Risk Matrix Method to Radiotherapy by Anonim Pdf

Annotation This publication describes a project to introduce a tool for self-evaluation by radiotherapy services that allows the analysis of errors or failures that might give rise to accidents. The results of applying this tool to a generic radiotherapy service are also presented. These results are used as a basis for a set of recommendations to strengthen quality and safety programmes in radiotherapy departments. Both operational experience (lessons learned from accidental exposure) and the results of probability safety assessment studies have been taken into account in applying the tool and formulating these recommendations.

Author : Alan Martin,Sam Harbison,Karen Beach,Peter Cole
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2018-10-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780429814075

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An Introduction to Radiation Protection by Alan Martin,Sam Harbison,Karen Beach,Peter Cole Pdf

This highly-readable account of the nature of the hazards presented by ionizing radiation and the methods of protection is an ideal introductory text for those new to the field, and for the non-specialist. The seventh edition continues to cover the technical principles underlying the control of radiation hazards, radiation detection and measurement and the biological effects of radiation, followed by a consideration of industry-specific radiation protection issues. Further specialised topics include risk assessment, waste management and decommissioning, radiological emergencies, relevant legislation and organizational issues and, new to this edition, environmental radiation protection.