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Author : IBP, Inc.
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781438770536
Mongolia Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2012-11-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475591484
Mongolia has made impressive progress in developing its economy over the past ten years. Medium-term prospects are promising as mining output is projected to expand by more than 20 percent per annum, on average, over the next five years. However, the prospects for sustained, rapid and inclusive non-mineral growth depend on the implementation of the stability-oriented fiscal framework that has been adopted in the aftermath of the 2008/09 balance of payments (BOP) crisis. This framework was designed to dampen volatility, mitigate risks to economic and financial stability, and strengthen long-term natural resource management. The expansionary fiscal policy of the past year is causing double-digit inflation and BOP pressures. Public spending needs to be reined in, in order not to risk undermining stability and growth prospects, and in view of Mongolia’s vulnerability to a downturn in commodities exports.
Author : Erik Versavel
Publisher : Life Is Good, Potentially
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2022-01-08
Category : Travel
ISBN : 1098398157
For almost 40 years, the author has lived and worked all over the world, from the United Kingdom to South Korea, Indonesia, China, Ukraine, Mongolia and Sri Lanka. He witnessed revolutions, debated with the International Monetary Fund, played golf with Chief Financial Officers of some of the world's largest companies, discussed bond financing with Ministers of Finance, and saw currencies lose 500% of their value in just a few months. He travelled extensively and went above and beyond what tourists and journalists typically get to see when visiting countries. He paints a picture of political, financial economic crises with devastating detail and a cool sense of humour. He has no compassion with politicians or corporate citizens who pretend all is fine and blame everything that goes wrong on the outside world, instead of themselves. Mongolia: Cracks in the Eternal Blue Sky is the first book in the series Life is Good, Potentially. The author takes us on a journey starting in 2016 when he arrives in Mongolia and ends in 2020 after abruptly being locked out of the country because of the Covid-19 pandemic. With deep emotional engagement he writes about the state of the country, from semi-feral horses on nearly pristine steppe, to failed property projects in Ulaanbaatar. He describes in painful accuracy why presidents and politicians are the reason why Mongolia is not the rich country it could - and should - be, how chicanery in the banking sector destroyed what little international credibility the country had, and why the number of people living below the poverty line does not reduce when the economy booms. The people the author writes about all have a name, the issues are all true and the facts accurate. Still, the book is meant to be generic. The author hopes it will contribute to an improvement of the political and social situation of Mongolia, a country where Life is Good, not just potentially.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 75 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2014-03-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484327890
This 2013 Article IV Consultation highlights economic developments and policies of Mongolia between 2003 and 2013. The resulting balance-of-payments (BOP) pressures have been compounded by negative shocks to foreign direct investment (FDI) and coal exports. The IMF report analyzes that various banking sector vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the business climate need to be addressed to steady the progress of the economy. Launch of new investment law is important to be introduced by the government to improve the business climate and encourage FDI inflows.
Author : Alexander Orkhonselenge,Munkhjargal Uuganzaya,Tuyagerel Davaagatan
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2022-07-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030991203
This book provides an overview of lakes in Mongolia from scientific, economic and scenic points of view, presenting lake area changes, their sedimentological and geochemical characteristics, valuable economic and geoheritage resources and paleoclimate change reconstruction. The book emphasizes internationally well-known lakes of Mongolia, but it also describes far less popular lakes which have remained unrecognized for scientific importance. The book offers modern, qualitative, process-oriented approaches and quantitative analytic results-based implications to understand the geomorphological, sedimentological and geochemical evolution of lake basins in Mongolia, and past and present climate changes in Mongolia and Eurasia. Insights into the interpretation of data obtained from the lake basins in the fields of geomorphology, sedimentology, geochemistry, geochronology and paleoclimatology are developed from theoretical principles, empirical observations, correlative illustrations, analytic measurements and conscious hypotheses. Based on the application of a combined compilation of recent Landsat 8 images of the lakes and topographic maps of them in 1970, this book presents enriched results and implications derived from remote sensing together with field measurements and laboratory analyses. This data compilation belongs to a research team at the Laboratory of Geochemistry and Geomorphology (LGG), National University of Mongolia (NUM).
Author : Batchuluun Yembuu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030614348
This book gives the most detailed and comprehensive physico-geographical overview of the very unique country of Mongolia. The country offers diverse geographical features and natural landscapes combined with a long history. This book offers integrated and systematical research on the geophysical characteristics of Mongolia with an academic orientation. It provides the readers with general knowledge of the physical geography of Mongolia as well as new results of the latest research. The volume consists of 11 chapters, each written by field experts, with contributions from scientific researchers from Mongolia.The topics covered: geological and geomorphological characteristics and processes, landscapes and landforms, climate and climate change, hydrology, glaciers and permafrost, soils, environmental changes, biodiversity and many other aspects of physical geography in Mongolia.The book appeals to researchers and students of geography and related fields and can serve as a guide for field trips to Mongolia or basic literature for research projects.
Author : Bat-Ochir Bold
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136824739
Until the collapse of the socialist system in Mongolia in 1990, Mongolian social sciences was fundamentally schematised in accordance with the prevailing political ideology of socialism, considering the country's history in the theoretical framework of historical materialism, the theory of socio-economic formation, and the feudalism model. Here, however, the author adopts a fresh approach and criticises the theoretical adaptation of the feudalism concept to nomadic culture while treating the history of Mongolia in view of the structural and developmental particularities of nomadic society. The book shows the economic conditions and everyday life of mobile livestock keeping, tribal and political-administrative organisation and the social strata of nomadic society during the 13th-19th centuries, demonstrating that development of nomadic societies in Central Asia cannot and should not be evaluated in accordance with European norms.
Author : Yi Wang
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781538146088
This groundbreaking book analyzes the dramatic impact of Han Chinese migration into Inner Mongolia during the Qing era. In the first detailed history in English, Yi Wang explores how processes of commercial expansion, land reclamation, and Catholic proselytism transformed the Mongol frontier long before it was officially colonized and incorporated into the Chinese state. Wang reconstructs the socioeconomic, cultural, and administrative history of Inner Mongolia at a time of unprecedented Chinese expansion into its peripheries and China’s integration into the global frameworks of capitalism and the nation-state. Introducing a peripheral and transregional dimension that links the local and regional processes to global ones, Wang places equal emphasis on broad macro-historical analysis and fine-grained micro-studies of particular regions and agents. She argues that border regions such as Inner Mongolia played a central role in China’s transformation from a multiethnic empire to a modern nation-state, serving as fertile ground for economic and administrative experimentation. Drawing on a wide range of Chinese, Japanese, Mongolian, and European sources, Wang integrates the two major trends in current Chinese historiography—new Qing frontier history and migration history—in an important contribution to the history of Inner Asia, border studies, and migrations.
Author : Yoshitaka Hosoi,Tuvshintugs Batdelger,Khashchuluun Chuluundorj
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2022-11-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811955150
This book is a compass for resource rich-developing countries, taking Mongolia as a case study. Policy aspects of the development of the mining sector in developing countries such as Mongolia and its impact on the economy and society are reviewed. The book deals with specific industry policies and challenges identified by policy makers, its characteristics and policy recommendations moving forward with an emphasis on the importance of evidence-based policy making (EBPM). It begins with the country’s development strategy and the role of the mining industry, highlighting the fact that major strategic and policy documents still suffer from ambiguity and clear guidance as well as gaps in policy directions. The book also highlights the need for policy makers to improve transparency initiatives. Authors emphasize transparency or lack thereof in mining contracts, taxation, trading, and marketing and provide specific policy recommendations and alternative policy actions. The macroeconomic and social impact of the mining sector and the role of foreign direct investment is also discussed. Particularly, utilizing in-house economic analytical tools, the role and impact of resource revenue management policy in Mongolia is evaluated. Further, the impact of mining projects on the livelihood of local households as well as the importance of obtaining a social license to operate is discussed. This monograph is recommended for readers who want an in-depth comprehensive understanding of the mining sector, EBPM, and key lessons learned in managing natural resources in Mongolia.
Author : (Bat-Erdene Batbayar) Baabar
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004214057
This is the first history of Mongolia available in English which benefits from access to historic data that only became available following the collapse of the socialist regime in 1990. Accordingly, it highlights the role of international politics, especially the former Soviet Union, Russia, China and Japan, in the shaping of modern Mongolia’s history. The volume actually comprises three ‘books’. Book One, entitled 'The Steppe Warriors', offers a history of Mongolia up to the 1911 revolution; Book Two, entitled ‘Incarnations and Revolutionaries’ addresses political developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (1920s); Book Three, entitled ‘A Puppet Republic’ provides an in-depth analysis of the 1920s and 30s, concluding with the 1939 Haslhyn Gol Incident, The Second World War, the Post-war Map of Asia and the Fate of Mongolia’s Independence.
Author : International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2021-11-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781616355937
A strong export-led recovery is underway. Despite early actions and a successful vaccination campaign, the pandemic is lingering in Mongolia as positivity rates remain high and borders largely closed. An export-led recovery which began in mid-2020, is gathering steam due to booming prices for Mongolia’s exports. Nevertheless, domestic demand, labor markets and the business sector remain weak. Policies were appropriately supportive during the pandemic. However, large, untargeted and continuing fiscal, quasi-fiscal and financial forbearance measures legislated by Parliament have heightened macrofinancial vulnerabilities: public debt has sharply increased, bank balance sheets have further weakened, and the Bank of Mongolia’s (BOM) operational independence has been compromised. On the plus side, external and fiscal buffers have been built, helped by the 2021 IMF SDR allocation of US$98.3 million (95.8 percent of quota), and the rollover of large external liabilities has increased policy space.
Author : Sandrine Ruhlmann
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-09-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004410633
In Inviting Happiness: Food Sharing in Post-Communist Mongolia Sandrine Ruhlmann offers a monograph on food practices of Mongolian families, which are linked to a conception of sharing food and obtaining happiness in relation with the good rebirth of the human soul.
Author : Christopher Atwood
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 673 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004531291
Based on previously unopened Mongolian archives, Young Mongols and Vigilantes is a vivid narrative of the underground world of pan-Mongolist agitation in Inner Mongolia that offers new insight into the social origins and international connections of Mongol nationalism in China. The print edition is available as a set of two volumes (9789004126077).
Author : Hiroyuki Taguchi,Takeshi Osada,Osamu Ito,Koki Hirota
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2023-02-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811993657
This book provides quantitative evidence on the issues in fiscal and monetary policies in Mongolia and presents necessary policy recommendations for policymakers and academic circles. Mongolia belongs to a natural resource-based, transition economy and thus has faced the risk of the so-called resource curse—including the “Dutch Disease” and immaturity in market-based systems, particularly in financial markets. Consequently, reformations of resource allocation and policy governance in fiscal and monetary fields have been required. So far, however, there have been only a very limited number of quantitative studies in the Mongolian economy among the vast literature of Asian studies. This book applies scientific approaches to address fiscal and monetary issues, such as data-oriented and econometric methods (a structural vector auto-regression model, a spatial econometric model, and panel estimation with fixed effects, among others). In this manner, the book enriches empirical evidence in academic literature and also contributes to evidence-based policymaking. All the authors are young leaders of government officials in the Ministry of Finance, Financial Regulatory Commission, and National Statistics Office in Mongolia, who have been trained in academic research methodologies at Saitama University, Japan, on JICA-JDS scholarships. Thus, academic researchers and policymakers will be prominent members of the target audience for this work.
Author : James Horton Anderson
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Datos estadisticos
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
May 1998 Mongolia's informal sector has expanded far more quickly during the transition than its formal sector, largely because of greater ease of entry into the informal sector. Current policy discourages entry into the formal sector. The explosion of informal entrepreneurial activity during Mongolia's transition to a market economy represents one of the most visible signs of change in this expansive but sparsely populated Asian country. To deepen our understanding of Mongolia's informal sector during the transition, Anderson merges anecdotal experience from qualitative interviews with hard data from a survey of 770 informals in Ulaanbaatar, from a national household survey, and from official employment statistics. Using varied sources, Anderson generates rudimentary estimates of the magnitude of, and trends in, informal activity in Mongolia, estimates that are surprisingly consistent with each other. He evaluates four types of reasons for the burst of informal activity in Mongolia since 1990: * The crisis of the early and mid-1990s, during which large pools of labor were released from formal employment. * Rural to urban migration. * The market's reallocation of resources toward areas neglected under the old system: services such as distribution and transportation. * The institutional environments faced by the formal and informal sectors: hindering growth of the formal sector, facilitating entry for the informal sector. Formal labor markets haven't absorbed the labor made available by the crisis and by migration and haven't fully responded to the demand for new services. The relative ease of entering the informal market explains that market's great expansion. The relative difficulty of entering formal markets is not random but is driven by policy. Improving policies in the formal sector could afford the same ease of entry there as is currently being experienced in the informal sector. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group and the South East Asia and Mongolia Country Unit, East Asia and Pacific-is part of a larger program of research on the impact of institutional changes in Mongolia, and on the rule of law in transition economies. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
