Morality And Reality

Author : Billy Dunaway
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-07-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191899072

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Reality and Morality by Billy Dunaway Pdf

Reality and Morality develops and defends a framework for moral realism. It defends the idea that moral properties are metaphysically elite, or privileged parts of reality, and argues that realists can hold that this makes them highly eligible as the referents for our moral terms (an application of a thesis sometimes called reference magnetism). Billy Dunaway elaborates on these theses by introducing some natural claims about how we can know about morality, by having beliefs that are free from a kind of risk of error. This package of theses in metaphysics, meta-semantics, and epistemology is motivated with a view to explaining possible moral disagreements. Many writers have emphasized the scope of moral disagreement, and have given compelling examples of possible users of moral language who appear to be genuinely disagreeing, rather than talking past one another, with their use of moral language. What has gone unnoticed is that there are limits to these possible disagreements, and not all possible users of moral language are naturally interpreted as capable of genuine disagreement. The realist view developed in Reality and Morality can explain both the extent of, and the limits to, moral disagreement, and thereby has explanatory power that counts significantly in its favour.

Author : Thomas Pölzler
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351383332

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Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences by Thomas Pölzler Pdf

Are there objective moral truths (things that are morally right or wrong independently of what anybody thinks about them)? To answer this question more and more scholars have recently begun to appeal to evidence from scientific disciplines such as psychology, neuroscience, biology, and anthropology. This book investigates this novel scientific approach in a comprehensive, empirically focused, partly clarificatory, and partly metatheoretical way. It argues for two main theses. First, it is possible for the empirical sciences to contribute to the moral realism/anti-realism debate. And second, most appeals to science that have so far been proposed are insufficiently empirically substantiated. The book’s main chapters address four prominent science-based arguments for or against the existence of objective moral truths: the presumptive argument, the argument from moral disagreement, the sentimentalist argument, and the evolutionary debunking argument. For each of these arguments Thomas Pölzler first identifies the sense in which its underlying empirical hypothesis would have to be true in order for the argument to work. Then he shows that the available scientific evidence fails to support this hypothesis. Finally, he also makes suggestions as to how to test the hypothesis more validly in future scientific research. Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences is an important contribution to the moral realism/anti-realism debate that will appeal both to philosophers and scientists interested in moral psychology and metaethics.

Author : Paul Bloomfield
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9780195172393

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Moral Reality by Paul Bloomfield Pdf

Paul Bloomfield offers a rigorous defense of moral realism, developing an ontology for morality that models the property of being morally good on the property of being physically healthy. The model is assembled systematically; it first presents the metaphysics of healthiness and goodness, then explains our epistemic access to properties such as these, adds a complementary analysis of the semantics and syntax of moral discourse, and finishes with a discussion of how we become motivated to act morally. Bloomfield closely attends to the traditional challenges facing moral realism, and the discussion ranges from modern medical theory to ancient theories of virtue, and from animal navigation to the nature of normativity.

Author : Steve Ash
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2022-03-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000568370

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Explaining Morality by Steve Ash Pdf

Adopting a critical realist approach to morality, this book considers morality as an aspect of social reality, enquiring into the nature of moral agency and asking whether we can legitimately argue for a specific moral position and whether moral positions can be understood to apply universally. Drawing on the thought of Bhaskar, Collier and Sayer, it explores a series of ontological questions about morality, shedding light on the ways in which critical realism can be used to address them, ultimately responding to the question of whether critical realism and the moral theories that have been produced through its use can provide an explanation of morality as a feature of reality. Through a synthesis of realist thought, the author develops a comprehensive theoretical understanding of morality that can be tested for its explanatory power through subsequent practical research. As such, it will appeal to scholars of philosophy and social science with interests in critical realism, ontology and meta-ethics.

Author : Erick Jose Ramirez
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000517354

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The Ethics of Virtual and Augmented Reality by Erick Jose Ramirez Pdf

This book offers new ways of thinking about and assessing the impact of virtual reality on its users. It argues that we must go beyond traditional psychological concepts of VR "presence" to better understand the many varieties of virtual experiences. The author provides compelling evidence that VR simulations are capable of producing "virtually real" experiences in people. He also provides a framework for understanding when and how simulations induce virtually real experiences. From these insights, the book shows that virtually real experiences are responsible for several unaddressed ethical issues in VR research and design. Experimental philosophers, moral psychologists, and institutional review boards must become sensitive to the ethical issues involved between designing "realistic" virtual dilemmas, for good data collection, and avoiding virtually real trauma. Ethicists and game designers must do more to ensure that their simulations don’t inculcate harmful character traits. Virtually real experiences, the author claims, can make virtual relationships meaningful, productive, and conducive to welfare but they can also be used to systematically mislead and manipulate users about the nature of their experiences. The Ethics of Virtual and Augmented Reality will appeal to philosophers working in applied ethics, philosophy of technology, and aesthetics, as well as researchers and students interested in game studies and game design.

Author : Billy Dunaway
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2020-07-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198858256

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Reality and Morality by Billy Dunaway Pdf

Reality and Morality develops and defends a framework for moral realism. It defends the idea that moral properties are metaphysically elite, or privileged parts of reality, and argues that realists can hold that this makes them highly eligible as the referents for our moral terms (an application of a thesis sometimes called reference magnetism). Billy Dunaway elaborates on these theses by introducing some natural claims about how we can know about morality, by having beliefs that are free from a kind of risk of error. This package of theses in metaphysics, meta-semantics, and epistemology is motivated with a view to explaining possible moral disagreements. Many writers have emphasized the scope of moral disagreement, and have given compelling examples of possible users of moral language who appear to be genuinely disagreeing, rather than talking past one another, with their use of moral language. What has gone unnoticed is that there are limits to these possible disagreements, and not all possible users of moral language are naturally interpreted as capable of genuine disagreement. The realist view developed in Reality and Morality can explain both the extent of, and the limits to, moral disagreement, and thereby has explanatory power that counts significantly in its favour.

Author : Gilbert Harman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 165 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:952135622

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The Nature of Morality by Gilbert Harman Pdf

Author : John C. Gibbs
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2003-04-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0761923896

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Moral Development and Reality by John C. Gibbs Pdf

A supplementary textbook for a graduate or advanced undergraduate course dealing with moral psychology. It looks at implications of and problems with theories of moral development put forward by Lawrence Kohlberg and Martin L. Hoffman. Annotation (c) Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Author : Paul Bloomfield
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:819197683

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Moral Reality by Paul Bloomfield Pdf

Author : Farooq Tareen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2019-07-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1082072435

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Morality Vs. Reality by Farooq Tareen Pdf

The history of civilisation is strewn with conflict between science and religion. A battle has always raged between people, ideologies, and power, with those looking to shape the very nature of our own reality in a way that reaffirms the accepted flow of power and leadership. The stunning new work from Farooq Tareen, Morality vs. Reality, investigates this difficult dichotomy, analysing how kings, emperors and powerful leaders used religion to gain power and control over their subjects, and how the moral values of good and evil were carved into what they are today. Through extensive research and compelling studies, Tareen dives into the origins of the major religions and studies how their core values were often fundamentally the same. While their morals are rooted in upholding the order of things, their leaders had been using their followers as a tool with which peace was eroded and in turn, atrocities were committed. Whilst these practices are rooted in history, they're still rife across the globe, and the media appears to have taken much of this control. With the advent of social media, fake news and targeted advertising, along with controlled corporations of banking systems and the IMF, media has perhaps become the single most powerful entity to cause conflict, pain and poverty. Morally, many governments claim allegiance to democracy, freedom of speech and peace through the media. However, in reality, we uncover their lust for control and wealth. In the thought-provoking pages of Morality vs. Reality, author Farooq Tareen lays bares the clear hypocrisies that have control over our world, in much the same way as they were thousands of years ago.

Author : Paul Bloomfield
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2001-09-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190285890

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Moral Reality by Paul Bloomfield Pdf

We typically assume that the standard for what is beautiful lies in the eye of the beholder. Yet this is not the case when we consider morality; what we deem morally good is not usually a matter of opinion. Such thoughts push us toward being realists about moral properties, but a cogent theory of moral realism has long been an elusive philosophical goal. Paul Bloomfield here offers a rigorous defense of moral realism, developing an ontology for morality that models the property of being morally good on the property of being physically healthy. The model is assembled systematically; it first presents the metaphysics of healthiness and goodness, then explains our epistemic access to properties such as these, adds a complementary analysis of the semantics and syntax of moral discourse, and finishes with a discussion of how we become motivated to act morally. Bloomfield closely attends to the traditional challenges facing moral realism, and the discussion nimbly ranges from modern medical theory to ancient theories of virtue, and from animal navigation to the nature of normativity. Maintaining a highly readable style throughout, Moral Reality yields one of the most compelling theories of moral realism to date and will appeal to philosophers working on issues in metaphysics or moral philosophy.

Author : Sam Harris
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2011-09-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781439171226

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The Moral Landscape by Sam Harris Pdf

Sam Harris dismantles the most common justification for religious faith--that a moral system cannot be based on science.

Author : Justin Clarke-Doane
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-03-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192556806

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Morality and Mathematics by Justin Clarke-Doane Pdf

To what extent are the subjects of our thoughts and talk real? This is the question of realism. In this book, Justin Clarke-Doane explores arguments for and against moral realism and mathematical realism, how they interact, and what they can tell us about areas of philosophical interest more generally. He argues that, contrary to widespread belief, our mathematical beliefs have no better claim to being self-evident or provable than our moral beliefs. Nor do our mathematical beliefs have better claim to being empirically justified than our moral beliefs. It is also incorrect that reflection on the genealogy of our moral beliefs establishes a lack of parity between the cases. In general, if one is a moral antirealist on the basis of epistemological considerations, then one ought to be a mathematical antirealist as well. And, yet, Clarke-Doane shows that moral realism and mathematical realism do not stand or fall together — and for a surprising reason. Moral questions, insofar as they are practical, are objective in a sense that mathematical questions are not, and the sense in which they are objective can only be explained by assuming practical anti-realism. One upshot of the discussion is that the concepts of realism and objectivity, which are widely identified, are actually in tension. Another is that the objective questions in the neighborhood of factual areas like logic, modality, grounding, and nature are practical questions too. Practical philosophy should, therefore, take center stage.

Author : David Edmonds
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198862086

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Future Morality by David Edmonds Pdf

The world is changing at such speed that it's hard to know how to think about the new kinds of dilemma that are springing up: Can robots be held responsible for their actions? Can science predict crime - and prevent it? Is the future gender-fluid? David Edmonds has put together a philosophical task force to get to grips with challenges like these.

Author : Brooke Gladstone
Publisher : Workman Publishing
Page : 97 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781523502387

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The Trouble with Reality by Brooke Gladstone Pdf

Every week on the public radio show On the Media, the award-winning journalist Brooke Gladstone analyzes the media and how it shapes our perceptions of the world. Now, from her front-row perch on the day’s events, Gladstone brings her genius for making insightful, unexpected connections to help us understand what she calls—and what so many of us can acknowledge having—“trouble with reality.” Reality, as she shows us, was never what we thought it was—there is always a bubble, people are always subjective and prey to stereotypes. And that makes reality actually more vulnerable than we ever thought. Enter Donald J. Trump and his team of advisors. For them, as she writes, lying is the point. The more blatant the lie, the easier it is to hijack reality and assert power over the truth. Drawing on writers as diverse as Hannah Arendt, Walter Lippmann, Philip K. Dick, and Jonathan Swift, she dissects this strategy, straight out of the authoritarian playbook, and shows how the Trump team mastered it, down to the five types of tweets that Trump uses to distort our notions of what’s real and what’s not. And she offers hope. There is meaningful action, a time-tested treatment for moral panic. And there is also the inevitable reckoning. History tells us we can count on it. Brief and bracing, The Trouble with Reality shows exactly why so many of us didn’t see it coming, and how we can recover both our belief in reality—and our sanity.