Ontology Revisited

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Ontology Revisited

Ruth Groff
Ontology Revisited Book PDF

Author : Ruth Groff
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780415574112

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Ontology Revisited by Ruth Groff Pdf

Groff's argument runs counter to the familiar anti-metaphysical habit. Social and political philosophy, she maintains, is not as metaphysically neutral as it may seem. Even the most deontological of theories connects up with an attendant set of philosophical commitments regarding what kinds of things exist, as a fundamental ontological matter, and what they are like. These are topics of interest not just to social and political philosophers, but to social scientists and to philosophers of social science as well. "Ruth Groff has broken new ground in demonstrating the connection between social and political thought and the ontology of causal powers. Her account of the structure of Humean thinking about agency is excellent. Especially significant is the role that she assigns to Kantianism in the analysis that she develops. She moves effortlessly between contemporary metaphysics, political theory, critical social theory, and the history of modern philosophy, offering trenchant insights along the way into the work of thinkers ranging from Hume himself to Mill, Adorno, and Martha Nussbaum, and into debates over agent causation and emergence. There is even a discussion, in the final chapter, of Spinoza. This is big-picture philosophy at its best: rigorous and exacting at the level of detail; original, compelling and systematic in the whole." - Stephen Mumford, Professor of Metaphysics and Dean of the Faculty of Arts, University of Nottingham

The Four-Category Ontology

E. J. Lowe,Edward Joseph Lowe
The Four Category Ontology Book PDF

Author : E. J. Lowe,Edward Joseph Lowe
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199254392

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The Four-Category Ontology by E. J. Lowe,Edward Joseph Lowe Pdf

E. J. Lowe sets out and defends his theory of what there is. His four-category ontology is a metaphysical system that recognizes two fundamental categorial distinctions which cut across each other to generate four fundamental ontological categories. The distinctions are between the particular and the universal and between the substantial and the non-substantial. The four categories thus generated are substantial particulars, non-substantial particulars, substantial universals andnon-substantial universals. Non-substantial universals include properties and relations, conceived as universals. Non-substantial particulars include property-instances and relation-instances, otherwise known as non-relational and relational tropes or modes. Substantial particulars include propertiedindividuals, the paradigm examples of which are persisting, concrete objects. Substantial universals are otherwise known as substantial kinds and include as paradigm examples natural kinds of persisting objects.This ontology has a lengthy pedigree, many commentators attributing it to Aristotle on the basis of certain passages in his apparently early work, the Categories. At various times during the history of Western philosophy, it has been revived or rediscovered, but it has never found universal favour, perhaps on account of its apparent lack of parsimony as well as its commitment to universals. In pursuit of ontological economy, metaphysicians have generally preferred to recognize fewerthan four fundamental ontological categories. However, Occam's razor stipulates only that we should not multiply entities beyond necessity; Lowe argues that the four-category ontology has an explanatory power unrivalled by more parsimonious systems, and that this counts decisively in its favour. He shows thatit provides a powerful explanatory framework for a unified account of causation, dispositions, natural laws, natural necessity and many other related matters, such as the semantics of counterfactual conditionals and the character of the truthmaking relation. As such, it constitutes a thoroughgoing metaphysical foundation for natural science.

Aquinas's Ontology of the Material World

Jeffrey E. Brower
Aquinas s Ontology of the Material World Book PDF

Author : Jeffrey E. Brower
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198714293

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Aquinas's Ontology of the Material World by Jeffrey E. Brower Pdf

Pesents and explains the hylomorphic conception of the material world developed by Thomas Aquinas, proposing that the key to understanding Aquinas's conception lies in his distinctive account of intrinsic change.

Ontological Commitment Revisited

Jesús Padilla Gálvez
Ontological Commitment Revisited Book PDF

Author : Jesús Padilla Gálvez
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110750041

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Ontological Commitment Revisited by Jesús Padilla Gálvez Pdf

Ontological commitment implies that each theory is supposed to specify the type of entities that form its components. Representatives of a theory share an ontological commitment in relation to the objects they refer to. There are theories that admit the existence of universals while others do not. As there are different ways of speaking about universals it is necessary to decide what a universal term corresponds to. It is essential to have a criterion that enables us to decide which kinds of objects are allowed as references for the terms used. In this volume two different approaches are discussed: first, in cases where only extensional languages are accepted; second, when intensional elements are required to determine the meaning such terms as "Sachverhalt", intentional statements or representations. The ontological commitment associated with extensional theories exclusively admits the existence of physical objects, whereas intensional theses additionally include universal and abstract entities. The study of ontological commitment enables us to measure the ontological economy of theories. This serves as a basis for the choice of theory. The authors of this volume discuss relevant issues of both models and provide new solutions.

The Social Ontology of Capitalism

Daniel Krier,Mark P. Worrell
The Social Ontology of Capitalism Book PDF

Author : Daniel Krier,Mark P. Worrell
Publisher : Springer
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2016-11-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137599520

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The Social Ontology of Capitalism by Daniel Krier,Mark P. Worrell Pdf

This book addresses core questions about the nature and structure of contemporary capitalism and the social dynamics and countervailing forces that shape modern life. From a robust and self-consciously sociological framework, it analyzes and interrogates such issues as the nature of the social, the power of the sacred, the nature of authority, the problem of representation, reification, alienation, utopia, and collective resistance. Historical materialism reveals that the scope of productive functions is broader than the crude realism of economism. Marx’s critical theory of the commodity and his analysis of the capitalist regime of accumulation remain as vital as ever and serve as a guiding light for the continued exploration of the philosophical underpinnings of critical inquiry and praxis.

Social Ontology, Sociocultures, and Inequality in the Global South

Benjamin Baumann,Daniel Bultmann
Social Ontology Sociocultures and Inequality in the Global South Book PDF

Author : Benjamin Baumann,Daniel Bultmann
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000064384

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Social Ontology, Sociocultures, and Inequality in the Global South by Benjamin Baumann,Daniel Bultmann Pdf

Challenging the assumption that the capitalist transformation includes a radical break with the past, this edited volume traces how historically older forms of social inequality are transformed but persist in the present to shape the social structure of contemporary societies in the global South. Each social collective comprises an interpretation of itself – including the meaning of life, the concept of a human person, and the notion of a collective. This volume studies the interpretation that various social collectives have of themselves. This interpretation is referred to as social ontology. All chapters of the edited volume focus on the relation between social ontology and structures of inequality. They argue that each society comprises several historical layers of social ontology that correspond to layers of inequality, which are referred to as sociocultures. Thereby, the volume explains why and how structures of inequality differ between contemporary collectives in the global South, even though all of them seem to have similar structures, institutions, and economies. The volume is aimed at academics, students and the interested public looking for a novel theorization of social inequality pertaining to social collectives in the global South.

The Loom of God

Clifford A. Pickover
The Loom of God Book PDF

Author : Clifford A. Pickover
Publisher : Union Square + ORM
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2010-08-17
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781402774416

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The Loom of God by Clifford A. Pickover Pdf

“A marvelously entertaining, historical romp through the unexpected connections between mathematics and mysticism” (Paul Hoffman, Discover). From the mysterious cult of Pythagoras to the awesome mechanics of Stonehenge to digitally generated “gargoyles” and fractals, mathematics has always been a powerful, even divine force in the world. In a lively, intelligent synthesis of math, mysticism, and science fiction, Clifford Pickover explains the eternal magic of numbers. Taking a uniquely humorous approach, he appoints readers “Chief Historian” of an intergalactic museum and sends them, along with a quirky cast of characters, hurtling through the ages to explore how individuals used numbers for such purposes as predicting the end of the world, finding love, and winning wars.

Ontology-Based Applications for Enterprise Systems and Knowledge Management

Nazir Ahmad, Mohammad
Ontology Based Applications for Enterprise Systems and Knowledge Management Book PDF

Author : Nazir Ahmad, Mohammad
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-08-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781466619944

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Ontology-Based Applications for Enterprise Systems and Knowledge Management by Nazir Ahmad, Mohammad Pdf

"This book provides an opportunity for readers to clearly understand the notion of ontology engineering and the practical aspects of this approach in the domains of two interest areas: Knowledge Management Systems and Enterprise Systems"--

Databases and Information Systems V

Hele-Mai Haav,Ahto Kalja
Databases and Information Systems V Book PDF

Author : Hele-Mai Haav,Ahto Kalja
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781586039394

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Databases and Information Systems V by Hele-Mai Haav,Ahto Kalja Pdf

The Eighth International Baltic Conference on Databases and Information Systems took place on June 2–5 2008 in Tallinn, Estonia. This conference is continuing a series of successful bi-annual Baltic conferences on databases and information systems (IS). The aim is to provide a wide international forum for academics and practitioners in the field of databases and modern information systems for exchanging their achievements in this area. The original research results presented in Databases and Information Systems V mostly belong to novel fields of IS and database research such as database technology and the semantic web, ontology-based IS, IS and AI technologies and IS integration. The contribution of Dr. Jari PalomÄki showed how different ontological commitments affect the way we are modeling the world when creating an information system. As semantic technologies have been gaining more attention recently, a special session on semantic interoperability of IS was organized. The invited talks from each Baltic State gave a good insight how semantic interoperability initiatives are developing in each of the Baltic States and how they relate to the European semantic interoperability framework.

Naturalizing Critical Realist Social Ontology

Tuukka Kaidesoja
Naturalizing Critical Realist Social Ontology Book PDF

Author : Tuukka Kaidesoja
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013-07-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781135014162

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Naturalizing Critical Realist Social Ontology by Tuukka Kaidesoja Pdf

This important book provides detailed critiques of the method of transcendental argumentation and the transcendental realist account of the concept of causal power that are among the core tenets of the bhaskarian version of critical realism. Kaidesoja also assesses the notions of human agency, social structure and emergence that have been advanced by prominent critical realists, including Roy Bhaskar, Margaret Archer and Tony Lawson. The main line of argument in this context indicates that the uses of these concepts in critical realism involve ambiguities and problematic anti-naturalist presuppositions. As a whole, these arguments are intended to show that to avoid these ambiguities and problems, critical realist social ontology should be naturalized. This not only means that transcendental arguments for ontological doctrines are firmly rejected and the notion of causal power interpreted in a non-transcendental realist way. Naturalization of the critical realist social ontology also entails that many of the core concepts of this ontology should be modified so that attention is paid to the ontological presuppositions of various non-positivist explanatory methods and research practices in the current social sciences as well as to new approaches in recent cognitive and neurosciences. In addition of providing a detailed critique of the original critical realism, the book develops a naturalized version of the critical realist social ontology that is relevant to current explanatory practices in the social sciences. In building this ontology, Kaidesoja selectively draws on Mario Bunge’s systemic and emergentist social ontology, William Wimsatt’s gradual notion of ontological emergence and some recent approaches in cognitive science (i.e. embodied, situated and distributed cognition). This naturalized social ontology rejects transcendental arguments in favor of naturalized arguments and restricts the uses of the notion of causal power to concrete systems, including social systems of various kinds. It is also compatible with a naturalized version of scientific realism as well as many successful explanatory practices in the current social sciences. By employing the conceptual resources of this ontology, Kaidesoja explicates many of the basic concepts of social ontology and social theory, including social system, social mechanism, social structure, social class and social status.

Trading Ontology for Ideology

L. Decock
Trading Ontology for Ideology Book PDF

Author : L. Decock
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401735759

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Trading Ontology for Ideology by L. Decock Pdf

Willard VanOrman Quine has probably been the most influential th American philosopher of the 20 century. His work spans over seven decades, and covers many domains in philosophy. He has made major contributions to the fields of logic and set theory, philosophy of logic and mathematics, philosophy of language, philosophy of science, epistemology and metaphysics. Quine's first work in philosophy was in the field of logic. His major contributions are the two set-theoretic systems NF (1936) and ML (1940). 1 These systems were alternatives to the type theory of Principia Mathematica or Zermelo's set theory, and are still being studied by 2 mathematicians. An indirect contribution to the field of logic is his strong resistance to moda110gic. Quine's objectIons to the notions of necessity and analyticity have influenced the development of moda110gic? Quine has had an enormous influence on philosophy of mathematics. When Quine entered philosophy there was a discussion on the foundations of mathematics between the schools of intuitionism, formalism, and conventionalism. Quine soon took issue with Carnap's conventionalism in "Truth by convention,,4 (1936). Quine has never joined one of the other schools, but has added new elements that are the basic ones of the 5 contemporary schools of nominalism, platonism, and structuralism. Quine has long been in the shadow of Benacerraf and Putnam in this field. At the moment there seems to be a renewed interest in Quine's work, and most philosophers explicitly refer to Quine's work.

Representation in Scientific Practice Revisited

Catelijne Coopmans,Janet Vertesi,Michael E. Lynch,Steve Woolgar
Representation in Scientific Practice Revisited Book PDF

Author : Catelijne Coopmans,Janet Vertesi,Michael E. Lynch,Steve Woolgar
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2014-01-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780262319164

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Representation in Scientific Practice Revisited by Catelijne Coopmans,Janet Vertesi,Michael E. Lynch,Steve Woolgar Pdf

A fresh approach to visualization practices in the sciences that considers novel forms of imaging technology and draws on recent theoretical perspectives on representation. Representation in Scientific Practice, published by the MIT Press in 1990, helped coalesce a long-standing interest in scientific visualization among historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science and remains a touchstone for current investigations in science and technology studies. This volume revisits the topic, taking into account both the changing conceptual landscape of STS and the emergence of new imaging technologies in scientific practice. It offers cutting-edge research on a broad array of fields that study information as well as short reflections on the evolution of the field by leading scholars, including some of the contributors to the 1990 volume. The essays consider the ways in which viewing experiences are crafted in the digital era; the embodied nature of work with digital technologies; the constitutive role of materials and technologies—from chalkboards to brain scans—in the production of new scientific knowledge; the metaphors and images mobilized by communities of practice; and the status and significance of scientific imagery in professional and popular culture. Contributors Morana Alač, Michael Barany, Anne Beaulieu, Annamaria Carusi, Catelijne Coopmans, Lorraine Daston, Sarah de Rijcke, Joseph Dumit, Emma Frow, Yann Giraud, Aud Sissel Hoel, Martin Kemp, Bruno Latour, John Law, Michael Lynch, Donald MacKenzie, Cyrus Mody, Natasha Myers, Rachel Prentice, Arie Rip, Martin Ruivenkamp, Lucy Suchman, Janet Vertesi, Steve Woolgar

The Semantic Web: Research and Applications

York Sure,John Domingue
The Semantic Web Research and Applications Book PDF

Author : York Sure,John Domingue
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 743 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2006-05-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540345442

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The Semantic Web: Research and Applications by York Sure,John Domingue Pdf

Invited talks -- Ontology alignment -- Ontology engineering -- Ontology evaluation -- Ontology evolution -- Ontology learning -- Rules and reasoning -- Searching and querying -- Semantic annotation -- Semantic web mining and personalization -- Semantic web services -- Semantic wiki and blogging -- Trust and policies.

Intelligent Technologies for Web Applications

Priti Srinivas Sajja,Rajendra Akerkar
Intelligent Technologies for Web Applications Book PDF

Author : Priti Srinivas Sajja,Rajendra Akerkar
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2016-04-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781439871645

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Intelligent Technologies for Web Applications by Priti Srinivas Sajja,Rajendra Akerkar Pdf

The Internet has become an integral part of human life, yet the web still utilizes mundane interfaces to the physical world, which makes Internet operations somewhat mechanical, tedious, and less human-oriented. Filling a large void in the literature, Intelligent Technologies for Web Applications is one of the first books to focus on providing vita

An Ontology of Multiple Artworks

David Davies
An Ontology of Multiple Artworks Book PDF

Author : David Davies
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2024-02-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192665232

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An Ontology of Multiple Artworks by David Davies Pdf

Multiple artworks are works that can have multiple 'instances' which can play a particular kind of role in the appreciation of those works: for example, there can be multiple copies of a novel, or multiple performances of a musical work. An Ontology of Multiple Artworks is the first book-length critical analytic treatment of the metaphysical issues relating to 'multiple' artworks for over three decades. David Davies takes various considerations to which authors have appealed in arguing for ontological understandings of works in particular multiple art-forms as putative explananda, arguing that an adequate ontology of multiple artworks should be reflectively accountable to these. After clarifying what 'multiplicity' in the arts amounts to, Davies critically assesses the 'Platonist' idea that multiple artworks must be abstract or generic entities of some sort ('types') that exist independently of our creative and appreciative practices. The evolution of this idea is traced, and its ability to deal with the different explananda in play in the literature is gauged. The methodological constraints that should govern this kind of inquiry are also assessed. On the basis of these investigations, it is concluded that Platonism about multiple artworks is seriously compromised. Different non-Platonist options are then considered, and it is argued that the account that best explains the weighted explananda is the 'Wollheimian type' theory, according to which multiple artworks are performances essentially embedded in artistic practices. Finally, sceptical challenges to the very idea that there are such things as multiple artworks are considered.