Prague Spring Warsaw Pact Invasion 1968

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The Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968

Author : M. Mark Stolarik
Publisher : Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : History
ISBN : 9780865167513

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The Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968 by M. Mark Stolarik Pdf

Essays and comments presented at an international conference held at University of Ottawa, Oct. 9-10, 2008.

The Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968

Author : Günter Bischof,Stefan Karner,Peter Ruggenthaler
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : History
ISBN : 0739143042

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The Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 by Günter Bischof,Stefan Karner,Peter Ruggenthaler Pdf

On August 20, 1968, tens of thousands of Soviet and East European ground and air forces moved into Czechoslovakia and occupied the country in an attempt to end the "Prague Spring" reforms and restore an orthodox Communist regime. The leader of the Soviet Communist Party, Leonid Brezhnev, was initially reluctant to use military force and tired to pressure his counterpart in Czechoslovakia, Alexander Dubccaron;ek, to crack down. But during the summer of 1968, after several months of careful deliberations, the Soviet Politburo finally decided that military force was the only option left. A large invading force of Soviet, Polish, Hungarian and Bulgarian troops received final orders to move into Czechoslovakia; within twenty-four hours they had established complete military control of Czechoslovakia, bringing and end to hopes for "socialism with a human face."

Eastern Europe in 1968

Author : Kevin McDermott,Matthew Stibbe
Publisher : Springer
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2018-05-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9783319770697

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Eastern Europe in 1968 by Kevin McDermott,Matthew Stibbe Pdf

This collection of thirteen essays examines reactions in Eastern Europe to the Prague Spring and Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. Countries covered include the Soviet Union and specific Soviet republics (Ukraine, Moldavia, the Baltic States), together with two chapters on Czechoslovakia and one each on East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia and Albania. The individual contributions explain why most of these communist regimes opposed Alexander Dubček’s reforms and supported the Soviet-led military intervention in August 1968, and why some stood apart. They also explore public reactions in Eastern Europe to the events of 1968, including instances of popular opposition to the crushing of the Prague Spring, expressions of loyalty to Soviet-style socialism, and cases of indifference or uncertainty. Among the many complex legacies of the East European ‘1968’ was the development of new ways of thinking about regional identity, state borders, de-Stalinisation and the burdens of the past.

Prague Spring 1968

Author : Phil Carradice
Publisher : Pen and Sword
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-01-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781526757012

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Prague Spring 1968 by Phil Carradice Pdf

A historian’s overview of Czechoslovakia’s Alexander Dubček, the Prague Spring of 1968, and the Warsaw Pact Invasion. Cold War nadir: January 1968 and in Czechoslovakia, the new Communist Party leader, Alexander Dubcek, has made it clear that this is the opportunity to loosen the Soviet stranglehold on the country. As the Prague winter slowly eases into a Prague spring, it really does seem as if Dubček has judged it right. Reforms in oppressive censorship laws, improved housing, a lessening of totalitarian oppression, Dubček promises and delivers on it all. The new regime in Czechoslovakia does seek to destroy communism but it does want to choose its own political destiny. And then, on the night of 20/21 August, the Prague Spring is crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion: 200,000 Communist troops, mostly Soviet but also Polish and East German, flood the country. The resulting protests and rallies against the invasion, mostly by young people, are violent and bloody. Hundreds die in clashes; self-immolation, in public and before the eyes of the world, brings home the horror and the depth of feeling in the Czech people. It is the end of the Prague Spring, the reformation of Czechoslovakia having ended in ruins. But despite the brutal crushing of Czech hopes and dreams, the events of 1968 lay the foundations for future change. It will take another two decades but it is, ultimately, where the unraveling of the Communist bloc begins.

The Prague Spring 1968

Author : Jarom¡r Navr til
Publisher : Central European University Press
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1998-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9639116157

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The Prague Spring 1968 by Jarom¡r Navr til Pdf

"In addition to revealing the events surrounding the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, this is the first book to document a Cold War crisis from both sides of the Iron Curtain. It is based on unprecedented access to the previously closed archives of each member of the Warsaw Pact, as well as once highly classified American documents from the National Security Council, CIA, and other intelligence agencies." "Presented in a highly readable volume, the book offers top-level documents from Kremlin Politburo meetings, multilateral sessions of the Warsaw Pact leading up to the decision to invade, transcripts of KGB-recorded telephone conversations between Leonid Brezhnev and Alexander Dubcek." "To provide a historical and political context, the editors have prepared essays to introduce each section of the volume. A chronology, glossary and bibliography offer further background information for the reader." "The editors have a unique perspective to offer to foreign audiences since they are members of the commission appointed by Vaclav Havel to investigate the events of 1967-1970."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved

The Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968

Author : Josef Pazderka
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2019-07-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781793602930

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The Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 by Josef Pazderka Pdf

The edited collection is the first attempt to take a more coherent look at the Russian perception of the Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact occupation of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. The publication is therefore a collection of interviews, memoirs and academic studies focusing on Russian soldiers, dissidents and journalists involved in and affected by the Soviet invasion. The book begins with a focus on the Soviet soldiers who came to Czechoslovakia. It depicts their inner world and the mighty machinery of the Soviet propaganda to which they were exposed. The Archive supplement offers a fresh look at the role of KGB and the Soviet embassy in the Czechoslovak events of August 1968 by Russian historians Nikita Petrov and Olga Pavlenko. The second part presents the Soviet journalists living in Prague in 1968 who supported the Prague Spring and subsequently paid for their stance by being deported and losing their job. The last part of the book focuses on the kinship that the Soviet liberal intelligentsia and dissident movement, which emerged while Leonid Brezhnev was tightening the screws in the USSR in late 1960s, felt toward events in Prague, which for them represented one of the last hopes for change. It begins with the study of the Czech researcher Tomas Glanc exploring the different reactions on Prague Spring and August 1968 invasion among the Soviet inteligentsia. Interviews with former Soviet dissidents Lyudmila Alexeeva and Natalia Gorbanevskaya follow. As a supplement, the diary of the ordinary Soviet citizen Elvira Filipovich is included.

Operation Danube

Author : David Francois
Publisher : Europe@war
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-19
Category : History
ISBN : 1913336298

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Operation Danube by David Francois Pdf

On 20 August 1968, hundreds of thousands of soldiers, dozens of thousands of tanks and armored vehicles, and hundreds of military aircraft of the Warsaw Pact armed forces invaded Czechoslovakia in an operation code-named Danube. It was the largest military undertaking in Europe since 1945. Starting with a description of the history of Czechoslovakia, especially after the communist takeover of power in 1948, this volume describes the birth and development of the Prague Spring in 1968 and an attempt to reform the communist system from within. It recounts the hostility this process encountered on the part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR/Soviet Union), and its allies within the Warsaw Pact, and provoked a split in the Kremlin about solutions for the resulting 'Czechoslovak problem'. The crisis that developed throughout the spring and summer of 1968 led to the military intervention. While paying special attention to the military and strategic aspects of the Czechoslovak crisis, this volume also provides a blow-by-blow account of its impacts upon the Czechoslovak armed forces and the Warsaw Pact. The subsequent military operation - codenamed Operation Danube - is described in all of its components, including the airborne and ground aspects, and the political operation that supported it. Within only 24 hours, the Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces secured the entire territory of Czechoslovakia, de-facto overrunning the local armed forces in the process. The Czechoslovak population organized non-violent resistance, thus highlighting the political aspects of the intervention. However, it was hopelessly out of condition to prevent the ultimate downfall of the so-called 'Prague Spring', and the related hopes. Nevertheless, the application of military power against a popularly-supported political reform marked a turning point in the Cold War, and forever changed the balance of power in Central Europe. Guiding the reader meticulously through the details of the forces involved, their organisation and equipment, Operation Danube offers a uniquely in-depth account of the invasion of Czechoslovakia and is profusely illustrated with more than 100 photos, maps, and exclusive colour artworks.

Lessons Learned from the 1968 Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

Author : Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Staff,United Stat Central Intelligence Agency
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-23
Category : Cold War
ISBN : 1481818236

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Lessons Learned from the 1968 Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia by Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Staff,United Stat Central Intelligence Agency Pdf

The Czechoslovak crisis, as it became known, started in January 1968, when Alexander Dubcek was elevated to the post of First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPCz), replacing moribund Antonin Novotny, who had served as First Secretary since 1957. Under Dubcek, the communist leadership embarked on a program of dramatic liberalization of the Czechoslovak political, economic, and social order, including the overhaul of the CPCz leadership, increased freedom of speech, surrender of authority to the Czech National Assembly by the Communist Party, real elections at local and national levels, and even the suggestion of legalizing non-communist political parties. All this alarmed Moscow and the leadership of the Warsaw Pact, but throughout the Prague Spring, Dubcek went out of his way to demonstrate his personal loyalty to Moscow and Prague's intention to remain firmly within the Warsaw Pact military alliance. How sincere he was in these remonstrations is difficult to say, but Dubcek and his allies clearly feared a repetition of the Hungarian uprising of 1956, brutally crushed by Soviet troops. These fears were mirrored in Washington and, to a certain extent, even in Moscow. The crisis lasted more than a year, with the first none months consisting of Czech reforms triggering Soviet statements of concern and eventually threats, buttressed by Warsaw Pact military buildups disguised as exercises. When the invasion occurred in the early morning hours of 21 August, the Czechoslovak leadership as not immediately removed, but remained largely intact through April 1969, when Dubcek was finally replaced as First Secretary by a more pro-Soviet Gustav Husak.

Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia, 1968

Author : Jiri Valenta
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1991-11-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0801842972

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Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia, 1968 by Jiri Valenta Pdf

In this new edition of his highly acclaimed work, Jiri Valenta adds his assessment of Soviet military decisionmaking in the 1980s to his earlier analysis of decisionmaking and crisis management in the Soviet bureaucracy and Warsaw Pact. Comparing the events of 1968 to the Kremlin's very different reaction to reforms now under way in Czechoslovakia and the rest of Eastern Europe, Valenta shows that Soviet politics were never simple. The USSR's foreign policy response to the "Prague Spring," he contends, was the result of a complex political process conditioned by bureaucratic inertia, coalition politics, and East European pressures.

1968: The World Transformed

Author : Carole Fink,Philipp Gassert,Detlef Junker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1998-10-28
Category : History
ISBN : 0521646375

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1968: The World Transformed by Carole Fink,Philipp Gassert,Detlef Junker Pdf

1968: The World Transformed presents a global perspective on the tumultuous events of the most crucial year in the era of the Cold War. By interpreting 1968 as a transnational phenomenon, authors from Europe and the United States explain why the crises of 1968 erupted almost simultaneously throughout the world. Together, the eighteen chapters provide an interdisciplinary and comparative approach to the rise and fall of protest movements worldwide. The book represents an effort to integrate international relations, the role of media, and the cross-cultural exchange of people and ideas into the history of that year. 1968 emerges as a global phenomenon because of the linkages between domestic and international affairs, the powerful influence of the media, the networks of communication among activists, and the shared opposition to the domestic and international status quo in the name of freedom and self-determination.

The Logic of "normalization"

Author : Fred H. Eidlin
Publisher : Fred Eidlin
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Czechoslovakia
ISBN : 0914710680

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The Logic of "normalization" by Fred H. Eidlin Pdf

This volume is a valuable addition to the literature related to the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. The author focusses his analysis on the facotrs that determined the post-invasion "normalization" primarily in terms of the Czechoslovak response to the invasion which imparted a specific character to the aftermath of the action of the Warsaw Pact.

The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath

Author : Kieran Williams
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1997-09-08
Category : History
ISBN : 0521588030

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The Prague Spring and Its Aftermath by Kieran Williams Pdf

The Prague Spring of 1968 was among the most important episodes in post-war European politics. In this book Kieran Williams analyses the attempt at reform socialism under Alexander Dubcek using materials and sources which have become available in the wake of the 1989 revolution. Drawing on declassified documents from party archives, the author readdresses important questions surrounding the Prague Spring: Why did liberalization occur? What was it intended to achieve? Why did the Soviet Union intervene with force? What was the political outcome of the invasion? What part did the reformers play in ending the experiment in reform socialism? What was the role of the security police under Dubcek? The book will provide new information for specialists as well as introductory analysis and narrative for students of East European politics and history and Soviet foreign policy.

Invasion 68, Prague

Author : Josef Koudelka
Publisher : Aperture
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Czechoslovakia
ISBN : 159711068X

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Invasion 68, Prague by Josef Koudelka Pdf

"DECREAZIONE" is a book collecting Joseph Koudelka's images exhibited at the fifty-firth Venice Biennale, at the Vatican Pavilion. With his suggestive black-and-white images and his moving, desolated landscapes, Koudelka tells stories of destruction, declined in three different forms: time, violence, and contrast between nature and uncontrolled industrial development. Josef Koudelka was born in Moravia in 1938. He published numerous photographic books on the relationship between man and landscape, about gypsy life, and on the invasion of Prague in 1968. Significant exhibitions of his works have been held at international museums and galleries and he received numerous major awards.

The Prague Spring, 1968

Author : Jaromir Navratíl,Antonín Benčík
Publisher : Central European University Press
Page : 644 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1998-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9789633864715

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The Prague Spring, 1968 by Jaromir Navratíl,Antonín Benčík Pdf

This is the first ever documented account of a Cold War crisis as seen from both sides of the Iron Curtain. Based on unprecedented access to the previously closed archives of each member-state of the Warsaw Pact, this book offers a unique look at a deeply divisive intra-bloc crisis. Presented in a highly readable form, the book offers top-level documents from Kremlin Politburo meetings, multi-lateral sessions of the Warsaw Pact leading up to the decision to invade, and even transcriptions of KGB-recorded phone conversations between Leonid Brezhnev and Alexander Dubcek. Once highly classified American documents from the National Security Council, CIA, and other relevant agencies acquired through the U.S. Freedom of Information Act have also been included. In order to provide a historical and political context, the editors have included an introductory essay for each section of the volume. A chronology, glossary, and bibliography offer further background information for the reader. As members of the commission appointed by Václav Havel to investigate the events of 1967-1970, the editors have a unique Czech-Slovak perspective to offer to foreign audiences.