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Every day we make decisions about our health - some big and some small. What we eat, how we live and even where we live can affect our health. But how can we be sure that the advice we are given about these important matters is right for us? This book will provide you with the right tools for assessing health advice.
Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 5) by Dorairaj Prabhakaran,Shuchi Anand,Thomas A. Gaziano,Jean-Claude Mbanya,Rachel Nugent Pdf
Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.
Praise for the First Edition ". . . an excellent textbook . . . an indispensable referencefor biostatisticians and epidemiologists." —International Statistical Institute A new edition of the definitive guide to classical and modernmethods of biostatistics Biostatistics consists of various quantitative techniques thatare essential to the description and evaluation of relationshipsamong biologic and medical phenomena. Biostatistical Methods:The Assessment of Relative Risks, Second Edition develops basicconcepts and derives an expanded array of biostatistical methodsthrough the application of both classical statistical tools andmore modern likelihood-based theories. With its fluid and balancedpresentation, the book guides readers through the importantstatistical methods for the assessment of absolute and relativerisks in epidemiologic studies and clinical trials withcategorical, count, and event-time data. Presenting a broad scope of coverage and the latest research onthe topic, the author begins with categorical data analysis methodsfor cross-sectional, prospective, and retrospective studies ofbinary, polychotomous, and ordinal data. Subsequent chapterspresent modern model-based approaches that include unconditionaland conditional logistic regression; Poisson and negative binomialmodels for count data; and the analysis of event-time dataincluding the Cox proportional hazards model and itsgeneralizations. The book now includes an introduction to mixedmodels with fixed and random effects as well as expanded methodsfor evaluation of sample size and power. Additional new topicsfeatured in this Second Edition include: Establishing equivalence and non-inferiority Methods for the analysis of polychotomous and ordinal data,including matched data and the Kappa agreement index Multinomial logistic for polychotomous data and proportionalodds models for ordinal data Negative binomial models for count data as an alternative tothe Poisson model GEE models for the analysis of longitudinal repeated measuresand multivariate observations Throughout the book, SAS is utilized to illustrate applicationsto numerous real-world examples and case studies. A related websitefeatures all the data used in examples and problem sets along withthe author's SAS routines. Biostatistical Methods, Second Edition is an excellentbook for biostatistics courses at the graduate level. It is also aninvaluable reference for biostatisticians, applied statisticians,and epidemiologists.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 487 pages File Size : 55,7 Mb Release : 2017-03-31 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309453073
The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda Pdf
Significant changes have taken place in the policy landscape surrounding cannabis legalization, production, and use. During the past 20 years, 25 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis and/or cannabidiol (a component of cannabis) for medical conditions or retail sales at the state level and 4 states have legalized both the medical and recreational use of cannabis. These landmark changes in policy have impacted cannabis use patterns and perceived levels of risk. However, despite this changing landscape, evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cannabis use remains elusive. While a myriad of studies have examined cannabis use in all its various forms, often these research conclusions are not appropriately synthesized, translated for, or communicated to policy makers, health care providers, state health officials, or other stakeholders who have been charged with influencing and enacting policies, procedures, and laws related to cannabis use. Unlike other controlled substances such as alcohol or tobacco, no accepted standards for safe use or appropriate dose are available to help guide individuals as they make choices regarding the issues of if, when, where, and how to use cannabis safely and, in regard to therapeutic uses, effectively. Shifting public sentiment, conflicting and impeded scientific research, and legislative battles have fueled the debate about what, if any, harms or benefits can be attributed to the use of cannabis or its derivatives, and this lack of aggregated knowledge has broad public health implications. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids provides a comprehensive review of scientific evidence related to the health effects and potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis. This report provides a research agendaâ€"outlining gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for providing additional insight into these issuesâ€"that summarizes and prioritizes pressing research needs.
Author : Edward T. Gilbert-Kawai,Marc D. Wittenberg Publisher : Cambridge University Press Page : 219 pages File Size : 49,8 Mb Release : 2014-05-08 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781107636606
Regional Scale Ecological Risk Assessment by Taylor & Francis Group Pdf
Addressing large-scale and comparative risks at the landscape level, this book focuses on assessments using the Relative Risk Model (RRM) pioneered over the last seven years, and includes case-studies from around the world.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Family Caregiving for Older Adults
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Family Caregiving for Older Adults Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 367 pages File Size : 55,8 Mb Release : 2016-11-08 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309448093
Families Caring for an Aging America by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Family Caregiving for Older Adults Pdf
Family caregiving affects millions of Americans every day, in all walks of life. At least 17.7 million individuals in the United States are caregivers of an older adult with a health or functional limitation. The nation's family caregivers provide the lion's share of long-term care for our older adult population. They are also central to older adults' access to and receipt of health care and community-based social services. Yet the need to recognize and support caregivers is among the least appreciated challenges facing the aging U.S. population. Families Caring for an Aging America examines the prevalence and nature of family caregiving of older adults and the available evidence on the effectiveness of programs, supports, and other interventions designed to support family caregivers. This report also assesses and recommends policies to address the needs of family caregivers and to minimize the barriers that they encounter in trying to meet the needs of older adults.
Author : Ronda Hughes Publisher : Department of Health and Human Services Page : 592 pages File Size : 53,8 Mb Release : 2008 Category : Medical ISBN : IOWA:31858055672798
"Nurses play a vital role in improving the safety and quality of patient car -- not only in the hospital or ambulatory treatment facility, but also of community-based care and the care performed by family members. Nurses need know what proven techniques and interventions they can use to enhance patient outcomes. To address this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), with additional funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has prepared this comprehensive, 1,400-page, handbook for nurses on patient safety and quality -- Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. (AHRQ Publication No. 08-0043)." - online AHRQ blurb, http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 171 pages File Size : 51,6 Mb Release : 2016-09-03 Category : Social Science ISBN : 9780309439121
Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms Pdf
Estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 4 Americans will experience a mental health problem or will misuse alcohol or drugs in their lifetimes. These disorders are among the most highly stigmatized health conditions in the United States, and they remain barriers to full participation in society in areas as basic as education, housing, and employment. Improving the lives of people with mental health and substance abuse disorders has been a priority in the United States for more than 50 years. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 is considered a major turning point in America's efforts to improve behavioral healthcare. It ushered in an era of optimism and hope and laid the groundwork for the consumer movement and new models of recovery. The consumer movement gave voice to people with mental and substance use disorders and brought their perspectives and experience into national discussions about mental health. However over the same 50-year period, positive change in American public attitudes and beliefs about mental and substance use disorders has lagged behind these advances. Stigma is a complex social phenomenon based on a relationship between an attribute and a stereotype that assigns undesirable labels, qualities, and behaviors to a person with that attribute. Labeled individuals are then socially devalued, which leads to inequality and discrimination. This report contributes to national efforts to understand and change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that can lead to stigma and discrimination. Changing stigma in a lasting way will require coordinated efforts, which are based on the best possible evidence, supported at the national level with multiyear funding, and planned and implemented by an effective coalition of representative stakeholders. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change explores stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental or substance use disorders and recommends effective strategies for reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment and other supportive services. It offers a set of conclusions and recommendations about successful stigma change strategies and the research needed to inform and evaluate these efforts in the United States.
Railway Ecology by Luís Borda-de-Água,Rafael Barrientos,Pedro Beja,Henrique Miguel Pereira Pdf
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book provides a unique overview of the impacts of railways on biodiversity, integrating the existing knowledge on the ecological effects of railways on wildlife, identifying major knowledge gaps and research directions and presenting the emerging field of railway ecology. The book is divided into two major parts: Part one offers a general review of the major conceptual and theoretical principles of railway ecology. The chapters consider the impacts of railways on wildlife populations and concentrate on four major topics: mortality, barrier effects, species invasions and disturbances (ranging from noise to chemical pollution). Part two focuses on a number of case studies from Europe, Asia and North America written by an international group of experts.
Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation,National Research Council
Author : Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation,National Research Council Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 422 pages File Size : 44,7 Mb Release : 2006-03-23 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309133340
Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation by Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation,National Research Council Pdf
This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute of Medicine,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Exposure of the American People to I-131 from the Nevada Atomic Bomb Tests,Committee on Thyroid Screening Related to I-131 Exposure
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute of Medicine,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Exposure of the American People to I-131 from the Nevada Atomic Bomb Tests,Committee on Thyroid Screening Related to I-131 Exposure Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 289 pages File Size : 48,7 Mb Release : 1999-06-17 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309061759
Exposure of the American People to Iodine-131 from Nevada Nuclear-Bomb Tests by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute of Medicine,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Exposure of the American People to I-131 from the Nevada Atomic Bomb Tests,Committee on Thyroid Screening Related to I-131 Exposure Pdf
In 1997, after more than a decade of research, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) released a report which provided their assessment of radiation exposures that Americans may have received from radioactive iodine released from the atomic bomb tests conducted in Nevada during the 1950s and early 1960s. This book provides an evaluation of the soundness of the methodology used by the NCI study to estimate: Past radiation doses. Possible health consequences of exposure to iodine-131. Implications for clinical practice. Possible public health strategiesâ€"such as systematic screening for thyroid cancerâ€"to respond to the exposures. In addition, the book provides an evaluation of the NCI estimates of the number of thyroid cancers that might result from the nuclear testing program and provides guidance on approaches the U.S. government might use to communicate with the public about Iodine-131 exposures and health risks.
The Report of the Ecology and Welfare Subcommittee by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Relative Risk Reduction Strategies Committee. Ecology and Welfare Subcommittee Pdf
Regional Scale Ecological Risk Assessment by Wayne G. Landis Pdf
As debates over how relative risk can be used to shape landscape-scale environmental management intensify, Regional-Scale Risk Assessment demonstrates the capabilities of RRM using nine case studies in the Pacific Northwest, Pennsylvania, Brazil, and Tasmania. The authors use a process of ranking and filters to interrelate different kinds of risks
