Relocating The Sacred African Divinities And Brazilian Cultural Hybridities

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Relocating the Sacred

Niyi Afolabi
Relocating the Sacred Book PDF

Author : Niyi Afolabi
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2022-11-01
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781438490731

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Relocating the Sacred by Niyi Afolabi Pdf

Although Brazil is home to the largest African diaspora, the religions of its African descendants have often been syncretized and submerged, first under the force of colonialism and enslavement and later under the spurious banner of a harmonious national Brazilian character. Relocating the Sacred argues that these religions nevertheless have been preserved and manifested in a strategic corpus of shifting masks and masquerades of Afro-Brazilian identity. Following the re-Africanization process and black consciousness movement of the 1970s to 1990s, Afro-Brazilians have questioned racial democracy, seeing how its claim to harmony actually dispossesses them of political power. By embracing African deities as a source of creative inspiration and resistance, Afro-Brazilians have appropriated syncretism as a means of not only popularizing African culture but also decolonizing themselves from the past shame of slavery. This book maps the role of African heritage in—and relocation of the sacred to—three sites of Brazilian cultural production: ritual altars, literature, and carnival culture.

The African Religions of Brazil

Roger Bastide
The African Religions of Brazil Book PDF

Author : Roger Bastide
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2007-06-18
Category : Religion
ISBN : 0801886244

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The African Religions of Brazil by Roger Bastide Pdf

Monteiro.--John A. Coleman "Theological Studies"

African Roots, Brazilian Rites

C. Sterling
African Roots Brazilian Rites Book PDF

Author : C. Sterling
Publisher : Springer
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-09-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137010001

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African Roots, Brazilian Rites by C. Sterling Pdf

This text explores how Afro-Brazilians define their Africanness through Candomblé and Quilombo models, and construct paradigms of blackness with influences from US-based perspectives, through the vectors of public rituals, carnival, drama, poetry, and hip hop.

Secrets, Gossip, and Gods

Paul Christopher Johnson
Secrets Gossip and Gods Book PDF

Author : Paul Christopher Johnson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2002-08-15
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780198034292

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Secrets, Gossip, and Gods by Paul Christopher Johnson Pdf

In this wide-ranging book Paul Christopher Johnson explores the changing, hidden face of the Afro-Brazilian indigenous religion of Candomblé. Despite its importance in Brazilian society, Candomblé has received far less attention than its sister religions Vodou and Santeria. Johnson seeks to fill this void by offering a comprehensive look at the development, beliefs, and practices of Candomblé and exploring its transformation from a secret society of slaves--hidden, persecuted, and marginalized--to a public religion that is very much a part of Brazilian culture. Johnson traces this historical shift and locates the turning point in the creation of Brazilian national identity and a public sphere in the first half of the twentieth century. His major focus is on the ritual practice of secrecy in Candomblé. Like Vodou and Santeria and the African Yoruba religion from which they are descended, Candomblé features a hierarchic series of initiations, with increasing access to secret knowledge at each level. As Johnson shows, the nature and uses of secrecy evolved with the religion. First, secrecy was essential to a society that had to remain hidden from authorities. Later, when Candomblé became known and actively persecuted, its secrecy became a form of resistance as well as an exotic hidden power desired by elites. Finally, as Candomblé became a public religion and a vital part of Brazilian culture, the debate increasingly turned away from the secrets themselves and toward their possessors. It is speech about secrets, and not the content of those secrets, that is now most important in building status, legitimacy and power in Candomblé. Offering many first hand accounts of the rites and rituals of contemporary Candomblé, this book provides insight into this influential but little-studied group, while at the same time making a valuable contribution to our understanding of the relationship between religion and society.

Searching for Africa in Brazil

Stefania Capone Laffitte
Searching for Africa in Brazil Book PDF

Author : Stefania Capone Laffitte
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2010-05-17
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780822392040

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Searching for Africa in Brazil by Stefania Capone Laffitte Pdf

Searching for Africa in Brazil is a learned exploration of tradition and change in Afro-Brazilian religions. Focusing on the convergence of anthropologists’ and religious leaders’ exegeses, Stefania Capone argues that twentieth-century anthropological research contributed to the construction of an ideal Afro-Brazilian religious orthodoxy identified with the Nagô (Yoruba) cult in the northeastern state of Bahia. In contrast to other researchers, Capone foregrounds the agency of Candomblé leaders. She demonstrates that they successfully imposed their vision of Candomblé on anthropologists, reshaping in their own interest narratives of Afro-Brazilian religious practice. The anthropological narratives were then taken as official accounts of religious orthodoxy by many practitioners of Afro-Brazilian religions in Brazil. Capone draws on ten years of ethnographic fieldwork in Salvador de Bahia and Rio de Janeiro as she demonstrates that there is no pure or orthodox Afro-Brazilian religion. Challenging the usual interpretations of Afro-Brazilian religions as fixed entities, completely independent of one another, Capone reveals these practices as parts of a unique religious continuum. She does so through an analysis of ritual variations as well as discursive practices. To illuminate the continuum of Afro-Brazilian religious practice and the tensions between exegetic discourses and ritual practices, Capone focuses on the figure of Exu, the sacred African trickster who allows communication between gods and men. Following Exu and his avatars, she discloses the centrality of notions of prestige and power—mystical and religious—in Afro-Brazilian religions. To explain how religious identity is constantly negotiated among social actors, Capone emphasizes the agency of practitioners and their political agendas in the “return to roots,” or re-Africanization, movement, an attempt to recover the original purity of a mythical and legitimizing Africa.

Black Atlantic Religion

J. Lorand Matory
Black Atlantic Religion Book PDF

Author : J. Lorand Matory
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2009-02-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781400833979

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Black Atlantic Religion by J. Lorand Matory Pdf

Black Atlantic Religion illuminates the mutual transformation of African and African-American cultures, highlighting the example of the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé religion. This book contests both the recent conviction that transnationalism is new and the long-held supposition that African culture endures in the Americas only among the poorest and most isolated of black populations. In fact, African culture in the Americas has most flourished among the urban and the prosperous, who, through travel, commerce, and literacy, were well exposed to other cultures. Their embrace of African religion is less a "survival," or inert residue of the African past, than a strategic choice in their circum-Atlantic, multicultural world. With counterparts in Nigeria, the Benin Republic, Haiti, Cuba, Trinidad, and the United States, Candomblé is a religion of spirit possession, dance, healing, and blood sacrifice. Most surprising to those who imagine Candomblé and other such religions as the products of anonymous folk memory is the fact that some of this religion's towering leaders and priests have been either well-traveled writers or merchants, whose stake in African-inspired religion was as much commercial as spiritual. Morever, they influenced Africa as much as Brazil. Thus, for centuries, Candomblé and its counterparts have stood at the crux of enormous transnational forces. Vividly combining history and ethnography, Matory spotlights a so-called "folk" religion defined not by its closure or internal homogeneity but by the diversity of its connections to classes and places often far away. Black Atlantic Religion sets a new standard for the study of transnationalism in its subaltern and often ancient manifestations.

Sacred Leaves of Candomblé

Robert A. Voeks
Sacred Leaves of Candombl Book PDF

Author : Robert A. Voeks
Publisher : University of Texas Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2010-01-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780292773851

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Sacred Leaves of Candomblé by Robert A. Voeks Pdf

Winner, Hubert Herring Book Award, Pacific Coast Council on Latin American Studies Candomblé, an African religious and healing tradition that spread to Brazil during the slave trade, relies heavily on the use of plants in its spiritual and medicinal practices. When its African adherents were forcibly transplanted to the New World, they faced the challenge not only of maintaining their culture and beliefs in the face of European domination but also of finding plants with similar properties to the ones they had used in Africa. This book traces the origin, diffusion, medicinal use, and meaning of Candomblé's healing pharmacopoeia—the sacred leaves. Robert Voeks examines such topics as the biogeography of Africa and Brazil, the transference—and transformation—of Candomblé as its adherents encountered both native South American belief systems and European Christianity, and the African system of medicinal plant classification that allowed Candomblé to survive and even thrive in the New World. This research casts new light on topics ranging from the creation of African American cultures to tropical rain forest healing floras.

African-Brazilian Culture and Regional Identity in Bahia, Brazil

Scott Ickes
African Brazilian Culture and Regional Identity in Bahia Brazil Book PDF

Author : Scott Ickes
Publisher : University Press of Florida
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-08-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9780813048383

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African-Brazilian Culture and Regional Identity in Bahia, Brazil by Scott Ickes Pdf

Examines how in the middle of the twentieth century, Bahian elites began to recognize African-Bahian cultural practices as essential components of Bahian regional identity. Previously, public performances of traditionally African-Bahian practices such as capoeira, samba, and Candomblé during carnival and other popular religious festivals had been repressed in favor of more European traditions.

Searching for Africa in Brazil

Stefania Capone Laffitte
Searching for Africa in Brazil Book PDF

Author : Stefania Capone Laffitte
Publisher : Duke University Press Books
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2010-05-17
Category : Religion
ISBN : 0822346257

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Searching for Africa in Brazil by Stefania Capone Laffitte Pdf

Searching for Africa in Brazil is a learned exploration of tradition and change in Afro-Brazilian religions. Focusing on the convergence of anthropologists’ and religious leaders’ exegeses, Stefania Capone argues that twentieth-century anthropological research contributed to the construction of an ideal Afro-Brazilian religious orthodoxy identified with the Nagô (Yoruba) cult in the northeastern state of Bahia. In contrast to other researchers, Capone foregrounds the agency of Candomblé leaders. She demonstrates that they successfully imposed their vision of Candomblé on anthropologists, reshaping in their own interest narratives of Afro-Brazilian religious practice. The anthropological narratives were then taken as official accounts of religious orthodoxy by many practitioners of Afro-Brazilian religions in Brazil. Capone draws on ten years of ethnographic fieldwork in Salvador de Bahia and Rio de Janeiro as she demonstrates that there is no pure or orthodox Afro-Brazilian religion. Challenging the usual interpretations of Afro-Brazilian religions as fixed entities, completely independent of one another, Capone reveals these practices as parts of a unique religious continuum. She does so through an analysis of ritual variations as well as discursive practices. To illuminate the continuum of Afro-Brazilian religious practice and the tensions between exegetic discourses and ritual practices, Capone focuses on the figure of Exu, the sacred African trickster who allows communication between gods and men. Following Exu and his avatars, she discloses the centrality of notions of prestige and power—mystical and religious—in Afro-Brazilian religions. To explain how religious identity is constantly negotiated among social actors, Capone emphasizes the agency of practitioners and their political agendas in the “return to roots,” or re-Africanization, movement, an attempt to recover the original purity of a mythical and legitimizing Africa.

The Diaspora of Brazilian Religions

Anonim
The Diaspora of Brazilian Religions Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-27
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9789004246034

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The Diaspora of Brazilian Religions by Anonim Pdf

The Diaspora of Brazilian Religions explores the global spread of religions originating in Brazil, a country that has emerged as a major pole of religious innovation and production. Through ethnographically-rich case studies throughout the world, ranging from the Americas (Canada, the U.S., Peru, and Argentina) and Europe (the U.K., Portugal, and the Netherlands) to Asia (Japan) and Oceania (Australia), the book examines the conditions, actors, and media that have made possible the worldwide construction, circulation, and consumption of Brazilian religious identities, practices, and lifestyles, including those connected with indigenized forms of Pentecostalism and Catholicism, African-based religions such as Candomblé and Umbanda, as well as diverse expressions of New Age Spiritism and Ayahuasca-centered neo-shamanism like Vale do Amanhecer and Santo Daime. Contributors include Ushi Arakaki, Dario Paulo Barrera Rivera, Brenda Carranza, Anthony D'Andrea, Sara Delamont, Alejandro Frigerio, Alberto Groisman, Annick Hernandez, Clara Mafra, Cecília Mariz, Deirdre Meintel, Carmen Rial, Cristina Rocha, Camila Sampaio, Clara Saraiva, Olivia Sheringham, Neil Stephens, José Claúdio Souza Alves, Claudia Swatowiski, and Manuel A. Vásquez.

Fetishes and Monuments

Roger Sansi-Roca,Roger Sansi
Fetishes and Monuments Book PDF

Author : Roger Sansi-Roca,Roger Sansi
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2009-12
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781845457112

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Fetishes and Monuments by Roger Sansi-Roca,Roger Sansi Pdf

One hundred years ago in Brazil the rituals of Candomblé were feared as sorcery and persecuted as crime. Its cult objects were fearsome fetishes. Nowadays, they are Afro-Brazilian cultural works of art, objects of museum display and public monuments. Focusing on the particular histories of objects, images, spaces and persons who embodied it, this book portrays the historical journey from weapons of sorcery looted by the police, to hidden living stones, to public works of art attacked by religious fanatics that see them as images of the Devil, former sorcerers who have become artists, writers, and philosophers. Addressing this history as a journey of objectification and appropriation, the author offers a fresh, unconventional, and illuminating look at questions of syncretism, hybridity and cultural resistance in Brazil and in the Black Atlantic in general.

Global Trajectories of Brazilian Religion

Martijn Oosterbaan,Linda van de Kamp,Joana Bahia
Global Trajectories of Brazilian Religion Book PDF

Author : Martijn Oosterbaan,Linda van de Kamp,Joana Bahia
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781350072084

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Global Trajectories of Brazilian Religion by Martijn Oosterbaan,Linda van de Kamp,Joana Bahia Pdf

This book explores the proliferation and spread of Brazilian-born religious forms and practices throughout the world. The global diffusion of Brazilian religions provides an excellent lens to understand contemporary religious forms. As the book shows, religious movements as diverse as Santo Daime, Candomblé, Capoeira, John of God, and Brazilian style Pentecostalism and Catholicism, have become immensely popular in many places outside Brazil. This global spread is not merely the result of Brazilian migrants taking their religions abroad, it is also due to global media and to spiritual seekers, travelling to and from Brazil. Global Trajectories of Brazilian Religion demonstrates that in a dynamic space of historical and cultural production, Brazil is imagined and re-created as an authentic, spiritual, and sensual place that functions as the center for various global religions. To understand the new cross-fertilizations between religion, life-style, tourism and migration, this book introduces the notion of 'Lusospheres', a term that refers to the historical Portuguese colonial reach, yet signals the contemporary modes of cultural interaction in a different geo-political age.

Spirits and Trance in Brazil

Bettina E. Schmidt
Spirits and Trance in Brazil Book PDF

Author : Bettina E. Schmidt
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2016-06-16
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781474255691

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Spirits and Trance in Brazil by Bettina E. Schmidt Pdf

Bettina E. Schmidt explores experiences usually labelled as spirit possession, a highly contested and challenged term, using extensive ethnographic research conducted in São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil and home to a range of religions which practice spirit possession. The book is enriched by excerpts from interviews with people about their experiences. It focuses on spirit possession in Afro-Brazilian religions and spiritism, as well as discussing the notion of exorcism in Charismatic Christian communities. Spirits and Trance in Brazil: An Anthropology of Religious Experience is divided into three sections which present the three main areas in the study of spirit possession. The first section looks at the social dimension of spirit possession, in particular gender roles associated with spirit possession in Brazil and racial stratification of the communities. It shows how gender roles and racial composition have adapted alongside changes in society in the last 100 years. The second section focuses on the way people interpret their practice. It shows that the interpretations of this practice depend on the human relationship to the possessing entities. The third section explores a relatively new field of research, the Western discourse of mind/body dualism and the wide field of cognition and embodiment. All sections together confirm the significance of discussing spirit possession within a wider framework that embraces physical elements as well as cultural and social ones. Bringing together sociological, anthropological, phenomenological and religious studies approaches, this book offers a new perspective on the study of spirit possession.

Spirit Song

Marc Gidal
Spirit Song Book PDF

Author : Marc Gidal
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2016-01-06
Category : Music
ISBN : 9780190493806

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Spirit Song by Marc Gidal Pdf

In Spirit Song: Afro-Brazilian Religious Music and Boundaries, Marc Gidal investigates how and why a multi-faith community in southern Brazil utilizes music to combine and segregate three Afro-Brazilian religions: Umbanda, Quimbanda, and Batuque. Combining ethnomusicology and symbolic boundary studies, Gidal advances a theory of musical boundary-work: the ways music reinforces, bridges, or blurs boundaries, whether for personal, social, spiritual, or political purposes. Gidal focuses on spirit-mediumship rituals and their musical accompaniment, exploring how the Afro-gaucho religious community employs music and rituals to variously promote innovation and egalitarianism in Umbanda and Quimbanda, while it reinforces musical preservation and hierarchies in Batuque. Religious and musical leaders carefully restrict the cosmologies, ceremonial sequences, and sung prayers of one religion from affecting the others so as to safeguard Batuque's African heritage. Members of disenfranchised populations view the religions as vehicles for empowerment, whether based on race-ethnicity, gender, or religious belief; and innovations in ritual music reflect this activism. These rituals come to life through illustrative video and audio examples on the book's companion website. The first book in English to focus on music in Afro-Brazilian religions, Spirit Song is a landmark study that will be of interest to ethnomusicologists, anthropologists, and religious studies scholars.

Sacred Waters

Henry John Drewal
Sacred Waters Book PDF

Author : Henry John Drewal
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 716 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Art
ISBN : UOM:39015079224708

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Sacred Waters by Henry John Drewal Pdf

A rich, multifaceted appraisal of Mami Wata and other water deities in Africa and beyond