Science In The Ancient World From Antiquity Through The Middle Ages

Author : Russell M. Lawson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 625 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2021-09-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781440873539

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Science in the Ancient World by Russell M. Lawson Pdf

Science in the Ancient World presents a worldwide history of science, from prehistoric times through the medieval period. It covers Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas and includes topics ranging from alchemy and astrology to psychology and physics. This work spans prehistory to 1500 CE, examining thousands of years of history in four world regions: Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Highlights of this period include the onset of civilization and science in Mesopotamia and Egypt, the accomplishments of the ancient Greeks between 700 BCE and 100 CE, the adaptation of Greek science by the Romans, the spread of Greek science during the Hellenistic Age, the expansion of Islamic power and commensurate scientific knowledge, and the development of science and philosophy in ancient China and India. Focusing on the history of the science that blossomed in the above regions, scientific disciplines covered include alchemy, astronomy, astrology, agriculture, architecture, biology, botany, chemistry, engineering, exploration, geography, hydraulics, institutions of science, marine science, mathematics, medicine, meteorology, military science, myth and religion, philosophy, philosophy of science, psychology, physics, and social sciences. In all of these fields, theory and application are explored, as are leading individuals and schools of thought, centers of intellectual activity, and notable accomplishments and inventions.

Author : John Emery Murdoch
Publisher : MacMillan Publishing Company
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Medicine, Medieval
ISBN : UOM:49015000316639

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Antiquity and the Middle Ages by John Emery Murdoch Pdf

Author : Marshall Clagett
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781786258571

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Greek Science In Antiquity by Marshall Clagett Pdf

In this volume I have attempted to give especial and marked attention to the fate of Greek science in late antiquity. Elementary texts in the past have long ignored this aspect of Greek science. The importance of the course of Greek science in late antiquity is evident, for it was during this period that much of the Greek scientific corpus was put into the form in which it passed to the medieval Latin West. We are justified, then, in considering this volume as an introduction to medieval and early modern science—that science being considered as a transformation of Greek science.

Author : Matthias Heiduk,Klaus Herbers,Hans-Christian Lehner
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 1039 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110499773

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Prognostication in the Medieval World by Matthias Heiduk,Klaus Herbers,Hans-Christian Lehner Pdf

Two opposing views of the future in the Middle Ages dominate recent historical scholarship. According to one opinion, medieval societies were expecting the near end of the world and therefore had no concept of the future. According to the other opinion, the expectation of the near end created a drive to change the world for the better and thus for innovation. Close inspection of the history of prognostication reveals the continuous attempts and multifold methods to recognize and interpret God’s will, the prodigies of nature, and the patterns of time. That proves, on the one hand, the constant human uncertainty facing the contingencies of the future. On the other hand, it demonstrates the firm believe during the Middle Ages in a future which could be shaped and even manipulated. The handbook provides the first overview of current historical research on medieval prognostication. It considers the entangled influences and transmissions between Christian, Jewish, Islamic, and non-monotheistic societies during the period from a wide range of perspectives. An international team of 63 renowned authors from about a dozen different academic disciplines contributed to this comprehensive overview.

Author : Otto Neugebauer
Publisher : Courier Corporation
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1969-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0486223329

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The Exact Sciences in Antiquity by Otto Neugebauer Pdf

Based on a series of lectures delivered at Cornell University in the fall of 1949, and since revised, this is the standard non-technical coverage of Egyptian and Babylonian mathematics and astronomy, and their transmission to the Hellenistic world. Entirely modern in its data and conclusions, it reveals the surprising sophistication of certain areas of early science, particularly Babylonian mathematics. After a discussion of the number systems used in the ancient Near East (contrasting the Egyptian method of additive computations with unit fractions and Babylonian place values), Dr. Neugebauer covers Babylonian tables for numerical computation, approximations of the square root of 2 (with implications that the Pythagorean Theorem was known more than a thousand years before Pythagoras), Pythagorean numbers, quadratic equations with two unknowns, special cases of logarithms and various other algebraic and geometric cases. Babylonian strength in algebraic and numerical work reveals a level of mathematical development in many aspects comparable to the mathematics of the early Renaissance in Europe. This is in contrast to the relatively primitive Egyptian mathematics. In the realm of astronomy, too, Dr. Neugebauer describes an unexpected sophistication, which is interpreted less as the result of millennia of observations (as used to be the interpretation) than as a competent mathematical apparatus. The transmission of this early science and its further development in Hellenistic times is also described. An Appendix discusses certain aspects of Greek astronomy and the indebtedness of the Copernican system to Ptolemaic and Islamic methods. Dr. Neugebauer has long enjoyed an international reputation as one of the foremost workers in the area of premodern science. Many of his discoveries have revolutionized earlier understandings. In this volume he presents a non-technical survey, with much material unique on this level, which can be read with great profit by all interested in the history of science or history of culture. 14 plates. 52 figures.

Author : Chris Baghos
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2023-06-29
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781666773439

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Wondrous in His Saints by Chris Baghos Pdf

What role do the church fathers play in the life of a modern Christian? How do they define the experience of holiness? And how can they help us appreciate our current culture while maintaining our traditional values? Wondrous in His Saints posits answers to these and other crucial questions while drawing upon the Eastern Orthodox patristic tradition from Late Antiquity to the early modern era. Its chapters vary in scope, theme, and content, focusing especially on the church fathers' insights into intimate aspects of the spiritual life (including prayer, repentance, and love), as well as their engagement with the artistic and scientific achievements of their wider contexts. Exploring the lives and writings of numerous titans of Orthodoxy (including St. Augustine of Hippo, St. Maximus the Confessor, and St. Gregory Palamas), as well as lesser-known figures (such as St. Guthlac of Crowland and the Chinese Martyrs of the Boxer Rebellion), the author brings to the fore its egalitarian nature; the fact that deification has never been restricted to any time, place, social class, or clerical rank according to the church fathers, but always attainable for men and women seeking communion with our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ.

Author : Jochen Althoff,Dominik Berrens,Tanja Pommerening
Publisher : transcript Verlag
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9783839442364

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Finding, Inheriting or Borrowing? by Jochen Althoff,Dominik Berrens,Tanja Pommerening Pdf

Since the dawn of humanity, people have developed concepts about themselves and the natural world in which they live. This volume aims at investigating the construction and transfer of such concepts between and within various ancient and medieval cultures. The single contributions try to answer questions concerning the sources of knowledge, the strategies of transfer and legitimation as well as the conceptual changes over time and space. After a comprehensive introduction, the volume is divided into three parts: The contributions of the first section treat various theoretical and methodological aspects. Two additional thematic sections deal with a special field of knowledge, i.e. concepts of the moon and of the end of the world in fire.

Author : Michael H. Shank
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Science
ISBN : 0226749509

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The Scientific Enterprise in Antiquity and the Middle Ages by Michael H. Shank Pdf

This stimulating collection of twenty-two articles is intended not only to explore a range of scientific topics but to engage readers in historiographical debates and methodological issues that surround the study of ancient and medieval science. A convenient sampling of classic and contemporary scholarship, it will appeal to students and specialists alike. Contributors include Francesca Rochberg, David Pingree, G. E. R. Lloyd, Heinrich von Staden, Martin Bernal, Alexander Jones, Bernard Goldstein, Alan Bowen, Owsei Temkin, David Lindberg, Steven McCluskey, Linda Voigts, Edward Grant, Bernard Goldstein, Victor Roberts, Lynn Thorndike, Helen Lemay, William Newman, A. Mark Smith, Nancy Siraisi, Michael McVaugh, and Brian P. Copenhaver.

Author : Norman F. Cantor
Publisher : HarperCollins
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9780062444615

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Antiquity by Norman F. Cantor Pdf

Bestselling author Norman Cantor delivers this compact but magisterial survey of the ancient world—from the birth of Sumerian civilization around 3500 B.C. in the Tigris-Euphrates valley (present-day Iraq) to the fall of the Roman Empire in A.D. 476. In Antiquity, Cantor covers such subjects as Classical Greece, Judaism, the founding of Christianity, and the triumph and decline of Rome. In this fascinating and comprehensive analysis, the author explores social and cultural history, as well as the political and economic aspects of his narrative. He explains leading themes in religion and philosophy and discusses the environment, population, and public health. With his signature authority and insight, Cantor highlights the great books and ideas of antiquity that continue to influence culture today.

Author : Benjamin Farrington
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1969
Category : Science
ISBN : MINN:31951000550221W

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Science in Antiquity by Benjamin Farrington Pdf

Author : Elspeth Whitney
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2004-10-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780313061233

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Medieval Science and Technology by Elspeth Whitney Pdf

Medieval science and technology was firmly rooted in Aristotelian explanations of the physical world. This book begins by introducing the basic concepts of the classical tradition, and explains how these ideas were promulgated by the ancient Greeks, preserved and commented on by the great Muslim scholars of the early middle ages, and finally transmitted to western Europe as that region began to grow and expand around 1100 C.E. Specific avenues of inquiry such as astronomy and astrology, optics, chemistry and alchemy, zoology, geography, and medicine are described on their own terms. Rounding out the work is a discussion of the many technological innovations of the medieval age, such as mechanical clocks, firearms, and the blast furnace, that profoundly altered the course of European and world history. Biographical sketches provide insight into the lives and accomplishments of 20 men and women, Christian, Muslim, and pagan, whose works profoundly shaped the era's scientific spirit. Eleven annotated key primary documents afford a fascinating glimpse into how the best minds of the time posed their questions and their answers. An annotated timeline, glossary of terms, several illustrations, and an annotated bibliography round out the work. Medieval scientists, or natural philosophers, as they were then called, were powerfully influenced by the authority of older traditions, including Christianity and scientific ideas dating back to Plato, Aristotle, and Ptolemy. Yet their respect for these traditions was balanced by an equal respect for reason and the spirit of inquiry. Religious faith, far from dampening scientific and technological innovation, actually buttressed their efforts to understand the natural world as it was generally taken for granted that knowledge acquired through reason would harmonize with religious beliefs. While medieval science and technology did not seek to overthrow the prevailing worldviews of the time, their accomplishments did lay the groundwork for the scientific revolution and European global expansion of the early modern age.

Author : Robert E. Krebs,Carolyn A. Krebs
Publisher : Greenwood
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2003-12-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780313313424

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Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the Ancient World by Robert E. Krebs,Carolyn A. Krebs Pdf

Encompassing scientific achievements from China, the Mediterranean world, Mesoamerica, and elsewhere, this text describes technological and scientific inventions from prehistory to the Middle Ages. Separate chapters are devoted to agriculture, astronomy, communications, engineering, timekeeping, tools and weaponry, medicine and health, mathematics, transportation and trade, the physical sciences, botany and zoology, the physical sciences, personal and household items. The text is written to be understandable to students at a high school level.

Author : William V. Harris
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013-07-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004254053

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The Ancient Mediterranean Environment between Science and History by William V. Harris Pdf

Scientists, historians and archaeologists are at last beginning to collaborate seriously on studies of the long-term history of the environment. The fruit of an international conference held in Rome in 2011, The Ancient Mediterranean Environment between Science and History brings together scientists and scholars who are interested in the interaction of their several disciplines as well as in specific problems such as the effects of climate change and other environmental factors on historical developments and events, the sources of the energy and fuel used in ancient civilizations, and the effects of humans on the lands around the Mediterranean. The collection balances broad Mediterranean-wide studies and tightly focused studies of particular regions in Italy and Jordan.

Author : Richard J. A. Talbert,Richard Watson Unger
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004166639

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Cartography in Antiquity and the Middle Ages by Richard J. A. Talbert,Richard Watson Unger Pdf

There was no sharp break between classical and medieval map making. Contributions by thirteen scholars offer fresh insight that demonstrates continuity and adaptation over the long term. This work reflects current thinking in the history of cartography and opens new directions for the future.

Author : Thomas F. Glick,Steven Livesey,Faith Wallis
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 625 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-01-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135459321

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Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine by Thomas F. Glick,Steven Livesey,Faith Wallis Pdf

Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine details the whole scope of scientific knowledge in the medieval period in more than 300 A to Z entries. This resource discusses the research, application of knowledge, cultural and technology exchanges, experimentation, and achievements in the many disciplines related to science and technology. Coverage includes inventions, discoveries, concepts, places and fields of study, regions, and significant contributors to various fields of science. There are also entries on South-Central and East Asian science. This reference work provides an examination of medieval scientific tradition as well as an appreciation for the relationship between medieval science and the traditions it supplanted and those that replaced it. For a full list of entries, contributors, and more, visit the Routledge Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages website.