Social Hierarchies

Author : Daniel A. Bell
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691233987

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Just Hierarchy by Daniel A. Bell Pdf

A trenchant defense of hierarchy in different spheres of our lives, from the personal to the political All complex and large-scale societies are organized along certain hierarchies, but the concept of hierarchy has become almost taboo in the modern world. Just Hierarchy contends that this stigma is a mistake. In fact, as Daniel Bell and Wang Pei show, it is neither possible nor advisable to do away with social hierarchies. Drawing their arguments from Chinese thought and culture as well as other philosophies and traditions, Bell and Wang ask which forms of hierarchy are justified and how these can serve morally desirable goals. They look at ways of promoting just forms of hierarchy while minimizing the influence of unjust ones, such as those based on race, sex, or caste. Which hierarchical relations are morally justified and why? Bell and Wang argue that it depends on the nature of the social relation and context. Different hierarchical principles ought to govern different kinds of social relations: what justifies hierarchy among intimates is different from what justifies hierarchy among citizens, countries, humans and animals, and humans and intelligent machines. Morally justified hierarchies can and should govern different spheres of our social lives, though these will be very different from the unjust hierarchies that have governed us in the past. A vigorous, systematic defense of hierarchy in the modern world, Just Hierarchy examines how hierarchical social relations can have a useful purpose, not only in personal domains but also in larger political realms.

Author : Denise Pumain
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2006-02-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781402041273

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Hierarchy in Natural and Social Sciences by Denise Pumain Pdf

Hierarchy is a form of organisation of complex systems that rely on or produce a strong differentiation in capacity (power and size) between the parts of the system. It is frequently observed within the natural living world as well as in social institutions. According to the authors, hierarchy results from random processes, follows an intentional design, or is the result of the organisation which ensures an optimal circulation of energy for information. This book reviews ancient and modern representations and explanations of hierarchies, and compares their relevance in a variety of fields, such as language, societies, cities, and living species. It throws light on concepts and models such as scaling laws, fractals and self-organisation that are fundamental in the dynamics and morphology of complex systems. At a time when networks are celebrated for their efficiency, flexibility and better social acceptance, much can be learned about the persistent universality and adaptability of hierarchies, and from the analogies and differences between biological and social organisation and processes. This book addresses a wide audience of biologists and social scientists, as well as managers and executives in a variety of institutions.

Author : Jim Sidanius,Felicia Pratto
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2001-02-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0521805406

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Social Dominance by Jim Sidanius,Felicia Pratto Pdf

This volume focuses on two questions: why do people from one social group oppress and discriminate against people from other groups? and why is this oppression so mind numbingly difficult to eliminate? The answers to these questions are framed using the conceptual framework of social dominance theory. Social dominance theory argues that the major forms of intergroup conflict, such as racism, classism and patriarchy, are all basically derived from the basic human predisposition to form and maintain hierarchical and group-based systems of social organization. In essence, social dominance theory presumes that, beneath major and sometimes profound difference between different human societies, there is also a basic grammar of social power shared by all societies in common. We use social dominance theory in an attempt to identify the elements of this grammar and to understand how these elements interact and reinforce each other to produce and maintain group-based social hierarchy.

Author : Klea Faniko
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Equality
ISBN : 1138938092

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Gender and Social Hierarchies by Klea Faniko Pdf

This book examines the pervasiveness of status asymmetry between gender categories from a social-psychological perspective. It offers key insights to practitioners and policymakers, and will appeal to scholars and students across the social sciences.

Author : Björn Toelstede
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789179297497

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Social Hierarchies between Democracy and Autocracy by Björn Toelstede Pdf

Social hierarchies exist in democracies as well as in authoritarian societies. However, their nature is different. Democratic hierarchies are built bottom-up through election, while autocratic hierarchies are built top-down through coalition formation and domination. Both have power asymmetries between the weaker citizens and the stronger politicians, which are amplified the stronger the hierarchies are. This thesis introduces a model which combines pro-/anti-social behavior with different degrees of hierarchies which I unite in a model called the Structure-Behavior Diagram (Toelstede, 2020/1). This model has the power to categorize countries according to these criteria, and indicates when and how societies move between democracy and authoritarianism. The movements of societies in the political space of the Structure-Behavior Diagram are marked by certain patterns and dynamics. I use the path dependence theory (Toelstede, 2019/2) and examine how so-called path-creating mechanisms can emerge and influence societies to move from democracy to authoritarianism. I show that path dependency-induced dynamics can put democracies at risk and are more serious in hierarchical societies than in horizontal societies. Institutional punishment is widely seen as more stable then peer punishment. However, in political reality, institutional punishment – here in the form of policing – can be marked by over- and under-punishment as well as changes in sociality (Toelstede, 2019/1 and 2020/2). These findings show, together with hierarchy-sensitive characteristics of the path dependency, that institutional punishment and social hierarchies require more attention. Lastly, I show that most democratic societies are intuitively aware of the power asymmetries and long principal-agent chains between them and their political agents. Together, these features provide increasing benefits for an anti-social descent of the agents, although some societies are prepared to trade personal freedom for higher socio-economic welfare. They therefore strive for higher socio-economic efficiency by embracing strong governmental forms and high conformity levels. I call this efficient statism (Toelstede, 2019/2). In doing so, societies compliantly put their free and democratic order at risk.

Author : Klea Faniko,Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi,Oriane Sarrasin,Eric Mayor
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2015-10-23
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317383475

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Gender and Social Hierarchies by Klea Faniko,Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi,Oriane Sarrasin,Eric Mayor Pdf

Gender and Social Hierarchies offers a fresh and coherent picture of applied research from within social psychology on the intricate relationship between gender and social status. It comprises a collection of innovative approaches which seek to understand the pervasiveness of status asymmetry between gender categories. Drawing upon recent theoretical advances in gender psychology, the book provides tools for developing practical and political recommendations to address and resolve status inequality today. Each chapter examines a different aspect of the impact that gender-based social hierarchies have on people’s lives. Part One explores the consequences of gender stereotypes in school, higher education, and in professional settings. The struggles faced by women in the workplace are discussed in Part Two, featuring topics such as work-life balance, the ‘glass cliff’, and the lack of support for affirmative action. Part Three is devoted to the antecedents and consequences of gender-based forms of prejudice, such as discrimination against gay men, and against women within cultural minorities. The book concludes with some practical suggestions for working towards lasting and beneficial change. Gender and Social Hierarchies will appeal to scholars and students across the social sciences and offers important insights to practitioners and policy-makers.

Author : Jeffrey Howard Denton
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 0802082645

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Orders and Hierarchies in Late Medieval and Renaissance Europe by Jeffrey Howard Denton Pdf

Essays from a range of disciplines examine different, but linked aspects of the social organization of Europe from the 13th to 16th centuries.

Author : Thomas Diefenbach
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2013-07-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781135013400

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Hierarchy and Organisation by Thomas Diefenbach Pdf

Most people take the conditions they work and live in as a given, believing it to be normal that societies are stratified and that organisations are hierarchical. Many even think that this is the way it should be - and are neither willing nor able to think that it could be otherwise. This book raises the awareness of hierarchy, its complexity and longevity. It focuses on a single but fundamental problem of social systems such as dyads, groups, organisations and whole societies: Why and how does hierarchical social order persist over time? In order to investigate the question, author Thomas Diefenbach develops a general theory of the persistence of hierarchical social order. This theory interrogates the problem of the persistence of hierarchical social order from very different angles, in multi-dimensional and interdisciplinary ways. Even more crucially, it traces the very causes of the phenomenon, the reasons and interests behind hierarchy as well as the various mechanisms which keep it going. This is the first time such a theory is attempted. With the help of the theory developed in this book, it is possible to interrogate systematically, comprehensively and in detail how mindsets and behaviours as well as societal and organisational structures enable the continuation of hierarchy

Author : Edward O. Laumann,Paul M. Siegel,Robert William Hodge
Publisher : Markham
Page : 816 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Social Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105002613987

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The Logic of Social Hierarchies by Edward O. Laumann,Paul M. Siegel,Robert William Hodge Pdf

Author : Cait Lamberton,Derek D. Rucker,Stephen A. Spiller
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 873 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781009243940

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The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology by Cait Lamberton,Derek D. Rucker,Stephen A. Spiller Pdf

In the last two years, consumers have experienced massive changes in consumption – whether due to shifts in habits; the changing information landscape; challenges to their identity, or new economic experiences of scarcity or abundance. What can we expect from these experiences? How are the world's leading thinkers applying both foundational knowledge and novel insights as we seek to understand consumer psychology in a constantly changing landscape? And how can informed readers both contribute to and evaluate our knowledge? This handbook offers a critical overview of both fundamental topics in consumer psychology and those that are of prominence in the contemporary marketplace, beginning with an examination of individual psychology and broadening to topics related to wider cultural and marketplace systems. The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology, 2nd edition, will act as a valuable guide for teachers and graduate and undergraduate students in psychology, marketing, management, economics, sociology, and anthropology.

Author : Knut Mikjel Rio,Olaf H. Smedal
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1845454936

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Hierarchy by Knut Mikjel Rio,Olaf H. Smedal Pdf

On the basis of diverse ethnographic contexts in Oceania, Asia, and the Middle East, the author's challenge current conceptions of hierarchical formations and reassess former debates, both with regard to new theoretical issues and the new world situation of post-colonial and neocolonial agendas.

Author : Victoria Rawlings
Publisher : Springer
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-11-17
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781137523020

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Gender Regulation, Violence and Social Hierarchies in School by Victoria Rawlings Pdf

This book investigates the reasons why the traditional psychological understanding of bullying fails those affected, and deconstructs how bullying is shaped by prominent discourse. By drawing on poststructuralist feminist theory Victoria Rawlings highlights the social and cultural inequalities too often forgotten in analysis of aggressive behaviour in schools, and places particular emphasis on gender and sexuality as facilitating and constraining forces within school environments and bullying discourses. This book provides a necessary assessment as to why current anti-bullying approaches are failing, and offers an alternative explanation as to how and why bullying occurs. This is a timely and authoritative study which is based on qualitative research, including interviews and group sessions which are used to emphasize the real-life experiences of young people in schools today. Interdisciplinary in nature, this book has a broad appeal and will be of special interest to scholars in the fields of gender and sexuality studies, sociology, and education.

Author : Barbara D. Miller
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1993-02-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0521423686

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Sex and Gender Hierarchies by Barbara D. Miller Pdf

This edited collection attempts to revive a unified anthropological approach to the study of sex and gender hierarchies. Seventeen distinguished contributors - from cultural anthropology, physical anthropology, archaeology, and anthropological linguistics - have produced a wealth of fascinating data on human and primate, ancient and contemporary, and 'primitive' and developed societies, covering topics such as mothering and child care, work, health, intrafamily relationships, and public power. The interdisciplinary approach successfully contributes to the development of better theory and methodology in anthropology.

Author : Roland Mousnier
Publisher : Schocken Books Incorporated
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Social Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105038919747

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Social Hierarchies, 1450 to the Present by Roland Mousnier Pdf

Textbook comprising a social research study of social stratification and the classification of social structures from 1450 to the present - argues that there are three main ways in which societys may be organized (1) by caste, (2) by social class, and (3) by order or social role, and provides a typology of the main kinds of order-based society using primarily historical examples. Bibliography pp. 197 to 200 and references.

Author : Ayşe Zarakol
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781108416634

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Hierarchies in World Politics by Ayşe Zarakol Pdf

This book showcases the best new international relations research on hierarchy and moves the discipline forward in this new direction.