Summary Of Findings And Recommendations

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Plasma Science Committee,Panel on Plasma Processing of Materials
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1991-02-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309045971

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Plasma Processing of Materials by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Plasma Science Committee,Panel on Plasma Processing of Materials Pdf

Plasma processing of materials is a critical technology to several of the largest manufacturing industries in the worldâ€"electronics, aerospace, automotive, steel, biomedical, and toxic waste management. This book describes the relationship between plasma processes and the many industrial applications, examines in detail plasma processing in the electronics industry, highlights the scientific foundation underlying this technology, and discusses education issues in this multidisciplinary field. The committee recommends a coordinated, focused, and well-funded research program in this area that involves the university, federal laboratory, and industrial sectors of the community. It also points out that because plasma processing is an integral part of the infrastructure of so many American industries, it is important for both the economy and the national security that America maintain a strong leadership role in this technology.

Author : Institute of Medicine,National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Increasing High School Students' Engagement and Motivation to Learn
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2003-12-21
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309084352

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Engaging Schools by Institute of Medicine,National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Increasing High School Students' Engagement and Motivation to Learn Pdf

When it comes to motivating people to learn, disadvantaged urban adolescents are usually perceived as a hard sell. Yet, in a recent MetLife survey, 89 percent of the low-income students claimed "I really want to learn" applied to them. What is it about the school environmentâ€"pedagogy, curriculum, climate, organizationâ€"that encourages or discourages engagement in school activities? How do peers, family, and community affect adolescents' attitudes towards learning? Engaging Schools reviews current research on what shapes adolescents' school engagement and motivation to learnâ€"including new findings on students' sense of belongingâ€"and looks at ways these can be used to reform urban high schools. This book discusses what changes hold the greatest promise for increasing students' motivation to learn in these schools. It looks at various approaches to reform through different methods of instruction and assessment, adjustments in school size, vocational teaching, and other key areas. Examples of innovative schools, classrooms, and out-of-school programs that have proved successful in getting high school kids excited about learning are also included.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Alcoholism
ISBN : RUTGERS:39030006792289

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Area Alcohol Education and Training Program Evaluation: Summary findings and recommendations by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Science and Technology Capabilities at the Department of State
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2015-07-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309373166

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Diplomacy for the 21st Century by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Science and Technology Capabilities at the Department of State Pdf

Diplomacy for the 21st Century recommends steps that the Department of State should embrace to take full advantage of the leading science and technology (S&T) capabilities of the United States. These capabilities provide the department with many opportunities to promote a variety of the interests of the United States and its allies in a rapidly changing world wherein S&T are important drivers of economic development at home and abroad and help ensure international security. This report assesses and makes recommendations concerning the changing environment for the conduct of diplomacy in the years ahead, with a focus on the role of S&T in the development and implementation of U.S. policies and programs. According to this report, prompt steps by the department's leadership are essential to ensure adequate comprehension of the importance of S&T-related developments throughout the world and to incorporate this understanding within the nation's foreign policy for the 21st century. This report also urges the adoption by the department of a broader whole-of-society approach in carrying out its responsibilities at home and abroad - extending beyond traditional interagency coordination and the narrow band of current external partners to include foundations, universities, research centers, and other groups who are extending their international reach.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Smithsonian Scientific Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2003-01-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309182478

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Funding Smithsonian Scientific Research by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Smithsonian Scientific Research Pdf

This report assesses whether the Smithsonian Institution should continue to receive direct federal appropriations for its scientific research programs or if this funding should be transferred to a peer-reviewed program open to all researchers in another agency. The report concludes that the National Museum of Natural History, the National Zoological Park, and the Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education in Suitland should remain exempt from having to compete for federal research dollars because they make unique contributions to the scientific and museum communities. Three other Smithsonian research programs should continue to receive federal funding since they are performing science of the highest quality and already compete for much of their government research money.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee to Assess Training Needs for Occupational Safety and Health Personnel in the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2000-09-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780309070263

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Safe Work in the 21st Century by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee to Assess Training Needs for Occupational Safety and Health Personnel in the United States Pdf

Despite many advances, 20 American workers die each day as a result of occupational injuries. And occupational safety and health (OSH) is becoming even more complex as workers move away from the long-term, fixed-site, employer relationship. This book looks at worker safety in the changing workplace and the challenge of ensuring a supply of top-notch OSH professionals. Recommendations are addressed to federal and state agencies, OSH organizations, educational institutions, employers, unions, and other stakeholders. The committee reviews trends in workforce demographics, the nature of work in the information age, globalization of work, and the revolution in health care deliveryâ€"exploring the implications for OSH education and training in the decade ahead. The core professions of OSH (occupational safety, industrial hygiene, and occupational medicine and nursing) and key related roles (employee assistance professional, ergonomist, and occupational health psychologist) are profiled-how many people are in the field, where they work, and what they do. The book reviews in detail the education, training, and education grants available to OSH professionals from public and private sources.

Author : Julian P. T. Higgins,Sally Green
Publisher : Wiley
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2008-11-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0470699515

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Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by Julian P. T. Higgins,Sally Green Pdf

Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Systematic Reviews of Comparative Effectiveness Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2011-07-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309164252

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Finding What Works in Health Care by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Systematic Reviews of Comparative Effectiveness Research Pdf

Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Collecting, Storing, Accessing, and Protecting Biological Specimens and Biodata in Social Surveys
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2010-10-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780309157063

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Conducting Biosocial Surveys by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Collecting, Storing, Accessing, and Protecting Biological Specimens and Biodata in Social Surveys Pdf

Recent years have seen a growing tendency for social scientists to collect biological specimens such as blood, urine, and saliva as part of large-scale household surveys. By combining biological and social data, scientists are opening up new fields of inquiry and are able for the first time to address many new questions and connections. But including biospecimens in social surveys also adds a great deal of complexity and cost to the investigator's task. Along with the usual concerns about informed consent, privacy issues, and the best ways to collect, store, and share data, researchers now face a variety of issues that are much less familiar or that appear in a new light. In particular, collecting and storing human biological materials for use in social science research raises additional legal, ethical, and social issues, as well as practical issues related to the storage, retrieval, and sharing of data. For example, acquiring biological data and linking them to social science databases requires a more complex informed consent process, the development of a biorepository, the establishment of data sharing policies, and the creation of a process for deciding how the data are going to be shared and used for secondary analysis-all of which add cost to a survey and require additional time and attention from the investigators. These issues also are likely to be unfamiliar to social scientists who have not worked with biological specimens in the past. Adding to the attraction of collecting biospecimens but also to the complexity of sharing and protecting the data is the fact that this is an era of incredibly rapid gains in our understanding of complex biological and physiological phenomena. Thus the tradeoffs between the risks and opportunities of expanding access to research data are constantly changing. Conducting Biosocial Surveys offers findings and recommendations concerning the best approaches to the collection, storage, use, and sharing of biospecimens gathered in social science surveys and the digital representations of biological data derived therefrom. It is aimed at researchers interested in carrying out such surveys, their institutions, and their funding agencies.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Prioritization and Decision Making in the Department of Energy Office of Science and Technology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1999-08-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309063470

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Decision Making in the U.S. Department of Energy's Environmental Management Office of Science and Technology by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Prioritization and Decision Making in the Department of Energy Office of Science and Technology Pdf

Printbegrænsninger: Der kan printes 10 sider ad gangen og max. 40 sider pr. session.

Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Air Force Base Level Automation Environment,Ivan Selin
Publisher : National Academies
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Automation data collection systems
ISBN : NAP:16207

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Interim Report on Air Force Base Level Automation Environment by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Air Force Base Level Automation Environment,Ivan Selin Pdf

Author : Abdeldjelil Belarbi
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9780309155311

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Design of FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Girders in Shear by Abdeldjelil Belarbi Pdf

TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 678: Design of FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Girders in Shear offers suggested design guidelines for concrete girders strengthened in shear using externally bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) systems. The guidelines address the strengthening schemes and application of the FRP systems and their contribution to shear capacity of reinforced and prestressed concrete girders. The guidelines are supplemented by design examples to illustrate their use for concrete beams strengthened with different FRP systems. Appendix A of NCHRP Report 678, which contains the research agency's final report, provides further elaboration on the work performed in this project. Appendix A: Research Description and Findings, is only available online.

Author : Shahjadi Hisan Farjana,M. A. Parvez Mahmud,Nazmul Huda
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2021-01-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323854528

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Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Mining by Shahjadi Hisan Farjana,M. A. Parvez Mahmud,Nazmul Huda Pdf

Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Mining addresses sustainable mining issues based on life cycle assessment, providing a thorough guide to implementing LCAs using sustainability metrics. The book details current research on LCA methodologies related to mining, their outcomes, and how to relate sustainable mining concepts in a circular economy. It is an in-depth, foundational reference for developing ideas for technological advancement through designing reduced-emission mining equipment or processes. It includes literature reviews and theoretical concepts of life cycle assessments applied in mining industries, sustainability metrics and problems related to mining and mineral processing industries identified by the life cycle assessment results. This book will aid researchers, students and academics in the field of environmental science, mining engineering and sustainability to see LCA technology outcomes which would be useful for the future development of environmentally-friendly mining processes. Details state-of-the-art life cycle assessment theory and practices applied in the mining and mineral processing industries Includes in-depth, practical case studies outlined with life cycle assessment results to show future pathways for sustainability enhancement Provides fundamental knowledge on how to measure sustainability metrics using life cycle assessment in mining industries

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment,Committee on Assessing the Results of External Independent Reviews for U.S. Department of Energy Projects
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2007-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309179812

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Assessment of the Results of External Independent Reviews for U.S. Department of Energy Projects by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment,Committee on Assessing the Results of External Independent Reviews for U.S. Department of Energy Projects Pdf

Peer review is an essential component of engineering practice and other scientific and technical undertakings. Peer reviews are conducted to ensure that activities are technically adequate, competently performed, and properly documented; to validate assumptions, calculations, and extrapolations; and to assess alternative interpretations, methodologies, acceptance criteria, and other aspects of the work products and the documentation that support them. Effective peer reviews are conducted in an environment of mutual respect, recognizing the contributions of all participants. Their primary objective is to help the project team achieve its goals. Reviews also contribute to quality assurance, risk management, and overall improvement of the management process. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) conducts different types of peer reviews at the different stages of a project, including reviews to assess risks and other factors related to design, safety, cost estimates, value engineering, and project management. Independent project reviews (IPRs) are conducted by federal staff not directly affiliated with the project or program and management and operations (M&O) contractors. External independent reviews (EIRs) are overseen by the Office of Engineering and Construction Management and conducted by contractors external to the department. EIRs are the primary focus of this report. However, the committee found that, in many cases, IPRs are explicitly used as preparation for or as preliminary reviews prior to EIRs. Thus, because IPRs are integral to the review process in DOE, they are also discussed because they might have an effect on EIRs. In October 2000, DOE issued Order 413.3, Program and Project Management for the Acquisition of Capital Assets (DOE, 2000). The order established a series of five critical decisions (CDs), or major milestones, that require senior management review and approval to ensure that a project satisfies applicable mission, design, security, and safety requirements: approve mission need, approve alternative selection and cost range, approve performance baseline, approve start of construction, and approve start of operations or project closeout. Assessment of the Results of External Independent Reviews for U. S. Department of Energy Projects summarizes the results.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Committee on Responsible Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2018-01-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309391252

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Fostering Integrity in Research by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Committee on Responsible Science Pdf

The integrity of knowledge that emerges from research is based on individual and collective adherence to core values of objectivity, honesty, openness, fairness, accountability, and stewardship. Integrity in science means that the organizations in which research is conducted encourage those involved to exemplify these values in every step of the research process. Understanding the dynamics that support â€" or distort â€" practices that uphold the integrity of research by all participants ensures that the research enterprise advances knowledge. The 1992 report Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process evaluated issues related to scientific responsibility and the conduct of research. It provided a valuable service in describing and analyzing a very complicated set of issues, and has served as a crucial basis for thinking about research integrity for more than two decades. However, as experience has accumulated with various forms of research misconduct, detrimental research practices, and other forms of misconduct, as subsequent empirical research has revealed more about the nature of scientific misconduct, and because technological and social changes have altered the environment in which science is conducted, it is clear that the framework established more than two decades ago needs to be updated. Responsible Science served as a valuable benchmark to set the context for this most recent analysis and to help guide the committee's thought process. Fostering Integrity in Research identifies best practices in research and recommends practical options for discouraging and addressing research misconduct and detrimental research practices.