The Congo 1960

Author : Kevin A. Spooner
Publisher : UBC Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2010-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780774858953

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Canada, the Congo Crisis, and UN Peacekeeping, 1960-64 by Kevin A. Spooner Pdf

In 1960 the Republic of Congo teetered near collapse as its first government struggled to cope with civil unrest and mutinous armed forces. When the UN established a peacekeeping operation to deal with the crisis, the Canadian government faced a difficult decision. Should it support the intervention? By offering one of the first detailed accounts of Canadian involvement in a UN peacekeeping mission, Kevin Spooner reveals that Canada’s involvement was not a certainty: the Diefenbaker government had immediate and ongoing reservations about the mission, reservations that challenge cherished notions of Canada’s commitment to the UN and its status as a peacekeeper.

Author : Lise Namikas
Publisher : Cold War International History
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0804796807

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Battleground Africa by Lise Namikas Pdf

Winner of the 2013 Choice Award for Outstanding Academic Title Battleground Africa traces the Congo Crisis from post-World War II decolonization efforts through Mobutu's second coup in 1965 from a radically new vantage point. Drawing on recently opened archives in Russia and the United States, and to a lesser extent Germany and Belgium, Lisa Namikas addresses the crisis from the perspectives of the two superpowers and explains with superb clarity the complex web of allies, clients, and neutral states influencing U.S.-Soviet competition. Unlike any other work, Battleground Africa looks at events leading up to independence, then considers the assassination of Patrice Lumumba, the series of U.N.-supported constitutional negotiations, and the crises of 1964 and 1965. Finding that the U.S. and the USSR each wanted to avoid a major confrontation, but also misunderstood its opponent's goals and wanted to avoid looking weak or losing its political standing in Africa, Namikas argues that a series of exaggerations and misjudgements helped to militarize the crisis, and ultimately, helped militarize the Cold War on the continent.

Author : Alan James
Publisher : Springer
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1996-03-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781349245284

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Britain and the Congo Crisis, 1960–63 by Alan James Pdf

Based on interviews and on documentary collections in Britain, Sweden and the US, this book describes and analyses Britain's often-tortured response to the crisis which occurred in Congo immediately following its independence. Principally, it throws much fresh light on British policy. But it also examines the impact of the crisis on Britain's status as a great power; reveals important new material about the UN's conduct of its peacekeeping operation in the Congo; and draws lessons about the conduct of contemporary peacekeeping.

Author : Lazlo Passemiers
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351138147

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Decolonisation and Regional Geopolitics by Lazlo Passemiers Pdf

Decolonisation and Regional Geopolitics argues that as much as the ‘Congo crisis’ (1960-1965) was a Cold War battleground, so too was it a battleground for Southern Africa’s decolonisation. This book provides a transnational history of African decolonisation, apartheid diplomacy, and Southern African nationalist movements. It answers three central questions. First, what was the nature of South African involvement in the Congo crisis? Second, what was the rationale for this involvement? Third, how did South Africans perceive the crisis? Innovatively, the book shifts the focus on the Congo crisis away from Cold War intervention and centres it around African decolonisation and regional geopolitics.

Author : Fidelis Etah Ewane
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2010-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783640604906

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The United Nations in the Congo from 1960-64: Critical Assessment of a Tragic Intervention by Fidelis Etah Ewane Pdf

Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Africa, language: English, abstract: The role of the United Nations and the West in the Congo between 1960 and 1964 can only be characterised as a tragedy. We are still witnessing the consequences of the myopic and misguided policies that were pursued by UN officials and western leaders at the time. This paper elucidates the story of how Lumumba was first betrayed and then murdered. It analyses how historians and political scientists have treated the conflict and suggests ways in which scholars from the two disciplines can cooperate better and learn from one another. The paper reverts to international relations theories that adequately explain what happened between 1960 and 1964.This essay critically examines why UN intervention in the Congo failed to achieve the intended peace that constituted the rationale behind its intervention. The essay will argue that perceptions and misperceptions among UN members exacerbated a rift between the UN and the realities of the conflict. And the Cold War ideology at the time and Belgium's support for Moise Tshombe to secede Katanga because of their hatred for Patrice Lumumba, greatly hampered UN mission as a peace machinery.

Author : Frank R. Villafana
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : History
ISBN : 9781412847667

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Cold War in the Congo by Frank R. Villafana Pdf

It is widely acknowledged that Congo became an East- West battlefield during the first half of the decade of the 1960s, yet the participation of Cuban exiles in the struggles is rarely noted. In this absorbing volume Villafaña details the contribution made by Cuban exiles to the preservation of democracy in Congo. When Congo was given its independence by Belgium in 1960, most of its people believed their new government had been installed by the West and opposed it. Anti-colonial, anti-government Congolese patriots started fighting. Some were pro-communist, some anti-communist, and most didn't know the difference. Many countries were involved on both sides of this conflict: Cuba, the Soviet Union, The People's Republic of China, the United States (represented by military advisors, the CIA and Cuban exiles), Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, and several African nations. The Cold War made the involvement of some of these countries predictable, but not the Cuban involvement. Villafaña explores reasons for Castro's involvement in Congo. He considers whether Castro was operating with a master plan, of which Africa was a key. He discusses why Castro chose Che Guevara to head the ill-fated military expedition. He contemplates why the United States allowed Castro to freely export his revolution, and why it used Cuban exiles to prevent the mineral riches of Congo from falling into the hands of international communism. Villafaña shows that CIA-sponsored Miami Cuban exiles were instrumental in thwarting Castro's plans for Congo, which were believed to have included a confederacy with Tanzania and Congo (Brazzaville), to gain control of Central Africa and its vast resources.

Author : Stephen R. Weissman
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2019-06-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781501743832

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American Foreign Policy in the Congo 1960-1964 by Stephen R. Weissman Pdf

This book offers a forthright and discerning evaluation of American foreign policy and its impact on the political system of an important Third World country. After assessing the situation in the Congo when independence was achieved in 1960, Mr. Weissman compares the policies of the Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson administrations. He throws new light on such questions as the role of the United States in the overthrow of Patrice Lumumba, the UN action in Katanga, and the repression of the 1964 rebellions. Weighing various influences—economic, administrative, congressional, international—on U.S. policy, he concludes that the major factor was ideological. American actions, he maintains, were based on certain mistaken assumptions that were held in common by key American decision-makers whose backgrounds and training blinded them to the realities of Congolese life. Based on extensive research, including interviews with nearly all important figures who contributed to the making of American policy, this book effectively challenges some fashionable interpretations of the causes and results of American intervention in the Third World.

Author : James Bell
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1500519618

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Crisis in the Congo by James Bell Pdf

Belgian Congo 1960. A time of great upheaval and uncertainty at the height of the Cold War, African independence movements, political assassinations, provincial secessions, the quest for pure uranium and white mercenary movements. A revolutionary time, largely forgotten today, that shaped the future of the world's most tragic country.

Author : Howard M. Epstein
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1965
Category : Congo (Democratic Republic)
ISBN : UOM:39015009334114

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Revolt in the Congo, 1960-1964 by Howard M. Epstein Pdf

Author : Albert Kalonji Ditunga Mulopwe
Publisher : Editions L'Harmattan
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1961
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782296572287

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Congo 1960 by Albert Kalonji Ditunga Mulopwe Pdf

Author : Georges Abi-Saab
Publisher : Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015013244978

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The United Nations Operation in the Congo, 1960-1964 by Georges Abi-Saab Pdf

This study illustrates the growing political role of the United Nations in the 1960s, and also the difficulty of implementing decisions on the spot when faced with unexpected developments and obstacles which appeared insurmountable. The work also traces the role of law in influencing the decisions taken in a situation of tremendous complexity.

Author : Alan James
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1996-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 0312158165

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Britain and the Congo Crisis, 1960-63 by Alan James Pdf

Author : Christopher Othen
Publisher : The History Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2015-09-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9780750965804

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Katanga 1960-63 by Christopher Othen Pdf

In King Leopold II’s infamous Congo ‘Free’ State at the turn of the century, severed hands became a form of currency. But the Belgians didn’t seem to have a sense of historical shame, as they connived for an independent Katanga state in 1960 to protect Belgian mining interests. What happened next was extraordinary. It was an extremely uneven battle. The UN fielded soldiers from twenty nations, America paid the bills, and the Soviets intrigued behind the scenes. Yet to everyone’s surprise the new nation’s rag-tag army of local gendarmes, jungle tribesmen and, controversially, European mercenaries, refused to give in. For two and a half years Katanga, the scrawniest underdog ever to fight a war, held off the world with guerrilla warfare, two-faced diplomacy and some shady financial backing. It even looked as if the Katangese might win. Katanga 1960 tells, for the first time, the full story of the Congolese province that declared independence and found itself at war with the world.

Author : Vincent Viaene,Bram Cleys,Jan De Maeyer
Publisher : Leuven University Press
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-30
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9789462701427

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Religion, Colonization and Decolonization in Congo, 1885-1960. Religion, colonisation et décolonisation au Congo, 1885-1960 by Vincent Viaene,Bram Cleys,Jan De Maeyer Pdf

Religion in today’s Democratic Republic of Congo has many faces: from the overflowing seminaries and Marian shrines of the Catholic Church to the Islamic brotherhoods, from the healers of Kimban-guism to the televangelism of the booming Pentecostalist churches in the great cities, from the Orthodox communities of Kasai to the ‘invisible’ Mai Mai warriors in the brousse of Kivu. During the colonial period religion was no less central to people’s lives than it is today. More surprisingly, behind the seemingly smooth facade of missions linked closely to imperial power, faith and worship were already marked by diversity and dynamism, tying the Congo into broader African and global movements. The contributions in this book provide insight into the multifaceted history of the interaction between religion and colonization. The authors outline the institutional political framework, and focus on the challenge that old and new forms of slavery entailed for the missions. The atrocities committed at the time of the Congo Free State became an existential question for young Christian communities. In the Belgian Congo after 1908, more structural forms of colonial violence remained a key issue marking religious experiences. And yet, religion also acted as a bridge. The authors emphasize the role intermediaries such as catechists or medical assistants played in the African “appropriation” of Christianity. They examine the complex interaction with indigenous religious beliefs and practices, and zoom in on the part religions played in the independence movement, as well as on their reaction to independence itself. Coming at a moment when Belgium confronts its colonial past, this volume provides a timely reassessment of religion as a key factor.

Author : Carsten Stahn,Henning Melber
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 639 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781107037205

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Peace Diplomacy, Global Justice and International Agency by Carsten Stahn,Henning Melber Pdf

This critical review of Hammarskjöld's legacy as Secretary-General explores the contemporary relevance of his international civil service, agency and leadership.