The Economic Crisis And The Cold War

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The End of the Cold War and the Causes of Soviet Collapse

N. Bisley
The End of the Cold War and the Causes of Soviet Collapse Book PDF

Author : N. Bisley
Publisher : Springer
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2004-04-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780230000544

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The End of the Cold War and the Causes of Soviet Collapse by N. Bisley Pdf

Soviet efforts to end the Cold War were intended to help revitalize the USSR. Instead, Nick Bisley argues, they contributed crucially to its collapse. Using historical-sociological theory, The End of the Cold War and the Causes of Soviet Collapse shows that international confrontation had been an important element of Soviet rule and that the retreat from this confrontational posture weakened institutional-functional aspects of the state. This played a vital role in making the USSR vulnerable to the forces of economic crisis, elite fragmentation and nationalism which ultimately caused its collapse.

The Russian Economic Crisis

Jeffrey Mankoff
The Russian Economic Crisis Book PDF

Author : Jeffrey Mankoff
Publisher : Council on Foreign Relations Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Economic forecasting
ISBN : 0876094760

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The Russian Economic Crisis by Jeffrey Mankoff Pdf

Nearly two decades after the fall of the Soviet Union, the character of Russia, its principal successor state, remains unresolved. So, too, does the character of Russia's relationship with the West. Though the intense U.S.-Soviet rivalry of the Cold War is over, Russia has not become the consistent partner that many on the outside hoped would emerge after the Cold War's end. The United States and Europe have taken issue with many elements of Russia's domestic trajectory and regional and international posture, including its democratic practices, energy-related activities in Europe, stance on Iran's nuclear program, and actions in the 2008 Russia-Georgia conflict. At the same time, many Russians are also disappointed with Western policies and actions, including sympathy for Georgia, U.S. plans for missile defense, and, above all, the enlargement of NATO. This has made for a mix of resentment and assertiveness in Moscow. A principal factor enabling this assertiveness in recent years has been Russia's strong economic growth. Since 2008, though, Russia, like many other countries, has experienced a deep economic crisis. The question is how this crisis might affect Russia's domestic politics and foreign policy and, consequently, whether any change is warranted in U.S. policy toward Moscow.

Planning in Cold War Europe

Michel Christian,Sandrine Kott,Ondrej Matejka
Planning in Cold War Europe Book PDF

Author : Michel Christian,Sandrine Kott,Ondrej Matejka
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110532401

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Planning in Cold War Europe by Michel Christian,Sandrine Kott,Ondrej Matejka Pdf

The idea of planning economy and engineering social life has often been linked with Communist regimes’ will of control. However, the persuasion that social and economic processes could and should be regulated was by no means limited to them. Intense debates on these issues developed already during the First World War in Europe and became globalized during the World Economic crisis. During the Cold War, such discussions fuelled competition between two models of economic and social organisation but they also revealed the convergences and complementarities between them. This ambiguity, so often overlooked in histories of the Cold War, represents the central issue of the book organized around three axes. First, it highlights how know-how on planning circulated globally and were exchanged by looking at international platforms and organizations. The volume then closely examines specificities of planning ideas and projects in the Communist and Capitalist World. Finally, it explores East-West channels generated by exchanges around issues of planning which functioned irrespective of the Iron Curtain and were exported in developing countries. The volume thus contributes to two fields undergoing a process of profound reassessment: the history of modernisation and of the Cold War.

Bonfire of Illusions

Alex Callinicos
Bonfire of Illusions Book PDF

Author : Alex Callinicos
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780745659398

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Bonfire of Illusions by Alex Callinicos Pdf

Something dramatic happened in the late summer and autumn of 2008. The post-Cold War world came to an abrupt end. This was the result of two conjoined crises. First, in its brief war with Georgia in August 2008, Russia asserted its military power to halt the expansion of NATO to its very borders. Secondly, on 15 September 2008 the Wall Street investment bank Lehman Brothers collapsed. This precipitated a severe financial crash and helped to push the world economy into the worst slump since the 1930s. Both crises marked a severe setback for the global power of the United States, which had driven NATO expansion and forced through the liberalization of financial markets. More broadly they challenged the consensus that had reigned since the collapse of the Soviet bloc in 1989 that a US-orchestrated liberal capitalist order could offer the world peace and prosperity. Already badly damaged by the Iraq debacle, this consensus has now suffered potentially fatal blows. In Bonfire of Illusions Alex Callinicos explores these twin crises. He traces the credit crunch that developed in 2007-8 to a much more protracted crisis of overaccumulation and profitability that has gripped global capitalism since the late 1960s. He also confronts the interaction between economic and geopolitical events, highlighting the new assertiveness of nation-states and analysing the tense, complex relationship of interdependence and conflict that binds together the US and China. Finally, in response to the revelation that the market is not the solution to the world's problems, Callinicos reviews the prospects for alternatives to capitalism.

Empire of Democracy

Simon Reid-Henry
Empire of Democracy Book PDF

Author : Simon Reid-Henry
Publisher : Simon & Schuster
Page : 880 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781451684971

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Empire of Democracy by Simon Reid-Henry Pdf

The first panoramic history of the Western world from the 1970s to the present day—from the Cold War to the 2008 financial crisis and wars in the Middle East—Empire of Democracy is “a superbly informed and riveting historical analysis of our contemporary era” (Charles S. Maier, Harvard University). Half a century ago, at the height of the Cold War and amidst a world economic crisis, the Western democracies were forced to undergo a profound transformation. Against what some saw as a full-scale “crisis of democracy”—with race riots, anti-Vietnam marches and a wave of worker discontent sowing crisis from one nation to the next—a new political-economic order was devised and the postwar social contract was torn up and written anew. In this epic narrative of the events that have shaped our own times, Simon Reid-Henry shows how liberal democracy, and western history with it, was profoundly reimagined when the postwar Golden Age ended. As the institutions of liberal rule were reinvented, a new generation of politicians emerged: Thatcher, Reagan, Mitterrand, Kohl. The late twentieth century heyday they oversaw carried the Western democracies triumphantly to victory in the Cold War and into the economic boom of the 1990s. But equally it led them into the fiasco of Iraq, to the high drama of the financial crisis in 2007/8, and ultimately to the anti-liberal surge of our own times. The present crisis of liberalism is leading us toward as yet unscripted decades. The era we have all been living through is closing out, and democracy is turning on its axis once again. “Brilliantly, Reid-Henry calls for the salvation of democracy from the choices of its own leaders if it is to survive” (Samuel Moyn, Yale University).

The Triumph of Broken Promises

Fritz Bartel
The Triumph of Broken Promises Book PDF

Author : Fritz Bartel
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-08-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780674275812

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The Triumph of Broken Promises by Fritz Bartel Pdf

A powerful case that the economic shocks of the 1970s hastened both the end of the Cold War and the rise of neoliberalism by forcing governments to impose austerity on their own people. Why did the Cold War come to a peaceful end? And why did neoliberal economics sweep across the world in the late twentieth century? In this pathbreaking study, Fritz Bartel argues that the answer to these questions is one and the same. The Cold War began as a competition between capitalist and communist governments to expand their social contracts as they raced to deliver their people a better life. But the economic shocks of the 1970s made promises of better living untenable on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Energy and financial markets placed immense pressure on governments to discipline their social contracts. Rather than make promises, political leaders were forced to break them. In a sweeping narrative, The Triumph of Broken Promises tells the story of how the pressure to break promises spurred the end of the Cold War. In the West, neoliberalism provided Western leaders like Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher with the political and ideological tools to shut down industries, impose austerity, and favor the interests of capital over labor. But in Eastern Europe, revolutionaries like Lech Walesa in Poland resisted any attempt at imposing market discipline. Mikhail Gorbachev tried in vain to reform the Soviet system, but the necessary changes ultimately presented too great a challenge. Faced with imposing economic discipline antithetical to communist ideals, Soviet-style governments found their legitimacy irreparably damaged. But in the West, politicians could promote austerity as an antidote to the excesses of ideological opponents, setting the stage for the rise of the neoliberal global economy.

Collapse

Vladislav M. Zubok
Collapse Book PDF

Author : Vladislav M. Zubok
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780300262445

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Collapse by Vladislav M. Zubok Pdf

A major study of the collapse of the Soviet Union—showing how Gorbachev’s misguided reforms led to its demise “A deeply informed account of how the Soviet Union fell apart.”—Rodric Braithwaite, Financial Times “[A] masterly analysis.”—Joshua Rubenstein, Wall Street Journal In 1945 the Soviet Union controlled half of Europe and was a founding member of the United Nations. By 1991, it had an army four million strong with five thousand nuclear-tipped missiles and was the second biggest producer of oil in the world. But soon afterward the union sank into an economic crisis and was torn apart by nationalist separatism. Its collapse was one of the seismic shifts of the twentieth century. Thirty years on, Vladislav Zubok offers a major reinterpretation of the final years of the USSR, refuting the notion that the breakup of the Soviet order was inevitable. Instead, Zubok reveals how Gorbachev’s misguided reforms, intended to modernize and democratize the Soviet Union, deprived the government of resources and empowered separatism. Collapse sheds new light on Russian democratic populism, the Baltic struggle for independence, the crisis of Soviet finances—and the fragility of authoritarian state power.

Depression, War, and Cold War

Robert Higgs,Thomas F Gleed Professor of Business Administration Albers School of Business Robert Higgs
Depression War and Cold War Book PDF

Author : Robert Higgs,Thomas F Gleed Professor of Business Administration Albers School of Business Robert Higgs
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2006-06-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780195182927

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Depression, War, and Cold War by Robert Higgs,Thomas F Gleed Professor of Business Administration Albers School of Business Robert Higgs Pdf

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Neoliberalism and Conflict In Asia After 9/11

Garry Rodan,Kevin Hewison
Neoliberalism and Conflict In Asia After 9 11 Book PDF

Author : Garry Rodan,Kevin Hewison
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013-09-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317998259

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Neoliberalism and Conflict In Asia After 9/11 by Garry Rodan,Kevin Hewison Pdf

Key events in Asia’s recent history have included the end of the Cold War, the Asian Economic Crisis and the ‘war on terror’. This is a critical assessment of these events, and of the interplay of security and economics in shaping political regimes and modifying market systems. Based on the notion that market systems are inherently political and conflict-ridden, this collection clarifies and explains the conflicts shaping the path of neoliberal globalization. Collectively it represents a disciplined and systematic address of four overarching questions: * What are the significant conflicts emanating from neoliberal globalization, and what are their implications? * What are the implications of new security concerns for these conflicts, and what are their impacts? * How are conflicts associated with globalization and security affecting social and economic policy directions? * Can these directions be reconciled with the reproduction of existing political regimes, or do they threaten their basis? In addressing these questions, the essays depict neoliberal globalization – in the new security context – as being able to accommodate a range of political regimes. This fascinating collection is a must-read for those with a professional interest in the region post-9/11. This book was previously published as a special issue of the Journal Critical Asian Studies.

Butter and Guns

Diane B. Kunz
Butter and Guns Book PDF

Author : Diane B. Kunz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105018394804

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Butter and Guns by Diane B. Kunz Pdf

In this masterful history of Cold War economics, Diane Kunz shows how America created its own prosperity through always shrewd and sometimes manipulative foreign policy.

The Struggle to Save the Soviet Economy

Chris Miller
The Struggle to Save the Soviet Economy Book PDF

Author : Chris Miller
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781469630182

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The Struggle to Save the Soviet Economy by Chris Miller Pdf

For half a century the Soviet economy was inefficient but stable. In the late 1980s, to the surprise of nearly everyone, it suddenly collapsed. Why did this happen? And what role did Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's economic reforms play in the country's dissolution? In this groundbreaking study, Chris Miller shows that Gorbachev and his allies tried to learn from the great success story of transitions from socialism to capitalism, Deng Xiaoping's China. Why, then, were efforts to revitalize Soviet socialism so much less successful than in China? Making use of never-before-studied documents from the Soviet politburo and other archives, Miller argues that the difference between the Soviet Union and China--and the ultimate cause of the Soviet collapse--was not economics but politics. The Soviet government was divided by bitter conflict, and Gorbachev, the ostensible Soviet autocrat, was unable to outmaneuver the interest groups that were threatened by his economic reforms. Miller's analysis settles long-standing debates about the politics and economics of perestroika, transforming our understanding of the causes of the Soviet Union's rapid demise.

The Piratization of Russia

Marshall I. Goldman
The Piratization of Russia Book PDF

Author : Marshall I. Goldman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2003-04-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134376841

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The Piratization of Russia by Marshall I. Goldman Pdf

In 1991, a small group of Russians emerged from the collapse of the Soviet Union and enjoyed one of the greatest transfers of wealth ever seen, claiming ownership of some of the most valuable petroleum, natural gas and metal deposits in the world. By 1997, five of those individuals were on Forbes Magazine's list of the world's richest billionaires.

Financial Cold War

James A. Fok
Financial Cold War Book PDF

Author : James A. Fok
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 519 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781119862765

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Financial Cold War by James A. Fok Pdf

A groundbreaking exploration of US-China relations as seen through the lens of international finance Rising tensions between China and the United States have kept the financial markets on edge as a showdown between the world’s two largest economies seems inevitable. But what most people fail to recognise is the major impact that the financial markets themselves have had on the creation and acceleration of the conflict. In Financial Cold War: A View of Sino-US Relations from the Financial Markets, market structure and geopolitical finance expert James Fok explores the nuances of China-US relations from the perspective of the financial markets. The book helps readers understand how imbalances in the structure of global financial markets have singularly contributed to frictions between the two countries. In this book, readers will find: A comprehensive examination of the development of financial markets in both China and the US, as well as the current US dollar-based global financial system Insightful observations of the roles of technology, innovation, regulation, taxation, and politics in the markets, and on their resulting effect on US-Sino relations Thorough explorations of the role of Hong Kong as an intermediary for capital flows between China and the rest of the world Suggestions for how, balancing the many varying interests, policymakers might be able to devise effective strategies for de-escalating current Sino-US tensions Financial Cold War is a can’t-miss resource for anyone personally or professionally interested in the intersection of economics and international relations, financial markets, and the infrastructure underlying the international financial system.

Rethinking Asia's Economic Miracle

Richard Stubbs
Rethinking Asia s Economic Miracle Book PDF

Author : Richard Stubbs
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2017-09-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137557261

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Rethinking Asia's Economic Miracle by Richard Stubbs Pdf

In the new edition of this important contribution to understanding both the Asian economic miracle and the 1997-8 crisis, Richard Stubbs assesses the main explanations to date and updates the analysis to take account of globalization and the remarkable economic rise of China.

The Cambridge History of the Cold War

Melvyn P. Leffler,Odd Arne Westad
The Cambridge History of the Cold War Book PDF

Author : Melvyn P. Leffler,Odd Arne Westad
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 663 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2010-03-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9780521837194

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The Cambridge History of the Cold War by Melvyn P. Leffler,Odd Arne Westad Pdf

This volume examines the origins and early years of the Cold War in the first comprehensive historical reexamination of the period. A team of leading scholars shows how the conflict evolved from the geopolitical, ideological, economic and sociopolitical environments of the two world wars and interwar period.