The Thirteenth Tribe The Khazar Empire And Its Heritage

Author : Arthur Koestler
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1939438187

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The Thirteenth Tribe by Arthur Koestler Pdf

This book traces the history of the ancient Khazar Empire, a major but almost forgotten power in Eastern Europe, which in the Dark Ages became converted to Judaism. Khazaria was finally wiped out by the forces of Genghis Khan, but evidence indicates that the Khazars themselves migrated to Poland and formed the cradle of Western Jewry. To the general reader the Khazars, who flourished from the 7th to 11th century, may seem infinitely remote today. Yet they have a close and unexpected bearing on our world, which emerges as Koestler recounts the fascinating history of the ancient Khazar Empire. At about the time that Charlemagne was Emperor in the West. The Khazars' sway extended from the Black Sea to the Caspian, from the Caucasus to the Volga, and they were instrumental in stopping the Muslim onslaught against Byzantium, the eastern jaw of the gigantic pincer movement that in the West swept across northern Africa and into Spain. Thereafter the Khazars found themselves in a precarious position between the two major world powers: the Eastern Roman Empire in Byzantium and the triumphant followers of Mohammed. As Koestler points out, the Khazars were the Third World of their day. They chose a surprising method of resisting both the Western pressure to become Christian and the Eastern to adopt Islam. Rejecting both, they converted to Judaism. Mr Koestler speculates about the ultimate faith of the Khazars and their impact on the racial composition and social heritage of modern Jewry. He produces a large body of meticulously detailed research.

Author : Arthur Koestler
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : STANFORD:36105001648034

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The Thirteenth Tribe by Arthur Koestler Pdf

This book traces the history of the ancient Khazar Empire, a major but almost forgotten power in Eastern Europe, which in the Dark Ages converted to Judaism. Khazaria was finally wiped out by the forces of Ghengis Khan, but evidence indicates that the Khazars themselves migrated to Poland and formed the cradle of Western Jewry.

Author : Mikhail Zhirohov,David Nicolle
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019-01-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472830111

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The Khazars by Mikhail Zhirohov,David Nicolle Pdf

The Khazars were one of the most important Turkic peoples in European history, dominating vast areas of southeastern Europe and the western reaches of the Central Asian steppes from the 4th to the 11th centuries AD. They were also unique in that their aristocratic and military elites converted to Judaism, creating what would be territorially the largest Jewish-ruled state in world history. They became significant allies of the Byzantine Empire, blocking the advance of Islam north of the Caucasus Mountains for several hundred years. They also achieved a remarkable level of metal-working technology, and their military elite wore forms of iron plate armour that would not be seen in Western Europe until the 14th century. The Khazar state provided the foundations upon which medieval Russia and modern Ukraine were built. Fully illustrated with detailed colour plates, this is a fascinating study into the armies, organisation, armour, weapons and fortifications of the Khazars.

Author : Kevin Alan Brook
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2006-09-27
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781442203020

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The Jews of Khazaria by Kevin Alan Brook Pdf

The Jews of Khazaria chronicles the history of the Khazars, a people who, in the early Middle Ages, founded a large empire in eastern Europe (located in present-day Ukraine and Russia). The Khazars played a pivotal role in world history. Khazaria was one of the largest-sized political formations of its time, an economic and cultural superpower connected to several important trade routes. It was especially notable for its religious tolerance, and in the 9th century, a large portion of the royal family converted to Judaism. Many of the nobles and commoners did likewise shortly thereafter. After their conversion, the Khazars were ruled by a succession of Jewish kings that began to adopt the hallmarks of Jewish civilization, including the Torah and Talmud, the Hebrew script, and the observance of Jewish holidays. In this thoroughly revised edition of a modern classic, The Jews of Khazaria explores many exciting new discoveries about the Khazars' religious life, economy, military, government, and culture. It builds upon new studies of the Khazars, evaluating and incorporating recent theories, along with new documentary and archaeological findings. The book gives a comprehensive accounting of the cities, towns, and fortresses of Khazaria, and features a timeline summarizing key events in Khazar history.

Author : Shlomo Sand
Publisher : Verso Books
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781788736619

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The Invention of the Jewish People by Shlomo Sand Pdf

A historical tour de force that demolishes the myths and taboos that have surrounded Jewish and Israeli history, The Invention of the Jewish People offers a new account of both that demands to be read and reckoned with. Was there really a forced exile in the first century, at the hands of the Romans? Should we regard the Jewish people, throughout two millennia, as both a distinct ethnic group and a putative nation—returned at last to its Biblical homeland? Shlomo Sand argues that most Jews actually descend from converts, whose native lands were scattered far across the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The formation of a Jewish people and then a Jewish nation out of these disparate groups could only take place under the sway of a new historiography, developing in response to the rise of nationalism throughout Europe. Beneath the biblical back fill of the nineteenth-century historians, and the twentieth-century intellectuals who replaced rabbis as the architects of Jewish identity, The Invention of the Jewish People uncovers a new narrative of Israel’s formation, and proposes a bold analysis of nationalism that accounts for the old myths. After a long stay on Israel’s bestseller list, and winning the coveted Aujourd’hui Award in France, The Invention of the Jewish People is finally available in English. The central importance of the conflict in the Middle East ensures that Sand’s arguments will reverberate well beyond the historians and politicians that he takes to task. Without an adequate understanding of Israel’s past, capable of superseding today’s opposing views, diplomatic solutions are likely to remain elusive. In this iconoclastic work of history, Shlomo Sand provides the intellectual foundations for a new vision of Israel’s future.

Author : Rudolph Windsor
Publisher : Windsor Golden Series Publication
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2023-11-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9798892381963

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From Babylon to Timbuktu by Rudolph Windsor Pdf

Author : Shlomo Sand
Publisher : Verso Books
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-11-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781844679461

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The Invention of the Land of Israel by Shlomo Sand Pdf

What is a homeland and when does it become a national territory? Why have so many people been willing to die for such places throughout the twentieth century? What is the essence of the Promised Land? Following the acclaimed and controversial The Invention of the Jewish People, Shlomo Sand examines the mysterious sacred land that has become the site of the longest-running national struggle of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The Invention of the Land of Israel deconstructs the age-old legends surrounding the Holy Land and the prejudices that continue to suffocate it. Sand’s account dissects the concept of “historical right” and tracks the creation of the modern concept of the “Land of Israel” by nineteenth-century Evangelical Protestants and Jewish Zionists. This invention, he argues, not only facilitated the colonization of the Middle East and the establishment of the State of Israel; it is also threatening the existence of the Jewish state today.

Author : Charles A. Weisman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Anglo-Israelism
ISBN : OCLC:33390887

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Who is Esau-Edom? by Charles A. Weisman Pdf

Author : Melchizedek Y. Lewis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1998-06-01
Category : Bible
ISBN : 0966542606

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History of Edom and Khazaria by Melchizedek Y. Lewis Pdf

Author : Jits van Straten
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2011-03-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110236064

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The Origin of Ashkenazi Jewry by Jits van Straten Pdf

Where do East European Jews – about 90 percent of Ashkenazi Jewry – descend from? This book conveys new insights into a century-old controversy. Jits van Straten argues that there is no evidence for the most common assumption that German Jews fled en masse to Eastern Europe to constitute East European Jewry. Dealing with another much debated theory, van Straten points to the fact that there is no way to identify the descendants of the Khazars in the Ashkenazi population. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the author draws heavily on demographic findings which are vital to evaluate the conclusions of modern DNA research. Finally, it is suggested that East European Jews are mainly descendants of Ukrainians and Belarussians. UPDATE: The article “The origin of East European Ashkenazim via a southern route” (Aschkenas 2017; 27(1): 239-270) is intended to clarify the origin of East European Jewry between roughly 300 BCE and 1000 CE. It is a supplement to this book.

Author : Raphael Patai,Jennifer Patai
Publisher : Wayne State University Press
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Jews
ISBN : 0814319483

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The Myth of the Jewish Race by Raphael Patai,Jennifer Patai Pdf

In this carefully researched analysis, Raphael and Jennifer Patai begin by defining race. They then develop the idea of the existence of "races" through history. In rich and fascinating detail, the authors consider the effects of intermarriage, interbreeding, proselytism, slavery, and concubinage on the Jewish population from Biblical times to the present. New material explores the psychological aspects of the Jewish race issue, the Jewish psyche, and the consequences of the 1975 United Nations resolution equating Zionism with racism. A revised and updated scientific section on the measurable genetic, morphological, and behavioral differences between Jews and non-Jews supports the conclusion that the idea of a "Jewish race" is, indeed, a myth.

Author : Arthur Koestler
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2012-08-28
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9781448210015

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The Call-Girls by Arthur Koestler Pdf

In this novel the call-girls are the men and women of the international jet-set who, at the lift of a telephone, will fly from conference to congress to symposium to discuss subjects of world importance. This time the place is Switzerland and the subject Survival...

Author : Dante Fortson
Publisher : Dante Fortson
Page : 91 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2024-05-26
Category : Religion
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Undeniable: Full Color Evidence of Black Israelites In The Bible by Dante Fortson Pdf

“Then they fasted that day, and put on sackcloth, and cast ashes upon their heads, and rent their clothes, and laid open the book of the law, wherein the heathen had sought to paint the likeness of their images.” - 1 Maccabees 3:47-48 Undeniable is the perfect outreach tool to connect with anyone that is skeptical of the claim that the Israelites of the Bible are were black, and have always been black. This is first and foremost an outreach tool, but it also makes a great gift for anyone that wants to see the hard evidence. + Full Color Images + Minimal Commentary + Designed To Start The Conversation Inside of the book you'll find: + Maps + Paintings + Statues + Explorer Journal Entries + Memorandum To The President of The United States All of the evidence adds up to the fact that there was a multi national conspiracy to kidnap, enslave, and hide the true history of Negroes scattered all over the world through the Transatlantic Slave Trade. There has been a conscious concerted effort to steer people away from the truth that Israel fled into Africa in 70 A.D. and still inhabits many areas of the continent.

Author : Shlomo Sand
Publisher : Verso Books
Page : 113 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-07
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781781686140

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How I Stopped Being a Jew by Shlomo Sand Pdf

Shlomo Sand was born in 1946, in a displaced person’s camp in Austria, to Jewish parents; the family later migrated to Palestine. As a young man, Sand came to question his Jewish identity, even that of a “secular Jew.” With this meditative and thoughtful mixture of essay and personal recollection, he articulates the problems at the center of modern Jewish identity. How I Stopped Being a Jew discusses the negative effects of the Israeli exploitation of the “chosen people” myth and its “holocaust industry.” Sand criticizes the fact that, in the current context, what “Jewish” means is, above all, not being Arab and reflects on the possibility of a secular, non-exclusive Israeli identity, beyond the legends of Zionism.

Author : Marek Halter
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 159264158X

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The Wind of the Khazars by Marek Halter Pdf

At a time when Charlemagne ruled, the Byzantines were encroaching upon Russia, and the faith of Allah was flourishing in Baghdad, there existed a kingdom with a tolerant, advanced civilization: somewhere between the Caucasus mountains and the Volga, the Khazar kingdom grew and flourished, and in one of the oddest choices ever made, converted itself to Judaism. A thousand years later, when the writer Marc Sofer is given an ancient Khazarian coin by a mysterious visitor, he is drawn into investigating the fascinating enigma of the Khazars. Why did these Steppe warriors decide to become Jews? Why, after centuries of power and prosperity, were they effaced from history? What is the connection between this ancient, vanished people, and the terrorist group calling themselves the New Khazars, who have begun attacking oil plants on the Caspian sea? Taking place both in the 10th century and the 21st, this absorbing, dramatic tale is part historical novel, part thriller. The story of the Khazars is interwoven with a contemporary political conspiracy in an unusual blend of reality and fiction that explores the ever important themes of history and identity.