Topicality And Representation

Author : Jonathan Owens,Alaa Elgibali
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-01
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9781135968397

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Information Structure in Spoken Arabic by Jonathan Owens,Alaa Elgibali Pdf

This book explores speakers’ intentions, and the structural and pragmatic resources they employ, in spoken Arabic – which is different in many essential respects from literary Arabic. Based on new empirical findings from across the Arabic world this book elucidates the many ways in which context and the goals and intentions of the speaker inform and constrain linguistic structure in spoken Arabic. This is the first book to provide an in-depth analysis of information structure in spoken Arabic, which is based on language as it is actually used, not on normatively-given grammar. Written by leading experts in Arabic linguistics, the studies evaluate the ways in which relevant parts of a message in spoken Arabic are encoded, highlighted or obscured. It covers a broad range of issues from across the Arabic-speaking world, including the discourse-sensitive properties of word order variation, the use of intonation for information focussing, the differential role of native Arabic and second languages to encode information in a codeswitching context, and the need for cultural contextualization to understand the role of "disinformation" structure. The studies combine a strong empirical basis with methodological and theoretical issues drawn from a number of different perspectives including pragmatic theory, language contact, instrumental prosodic analysis and (de-)grammaticalization theory. The introductory chapter embeds the project within the deeper Arabic grammatical tradition, as elaborated by the eleventh century grammarian Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani. This book provides an invaluable comprehensive introduction to an important, yet understudied, component of spoken Arabic.

Author : Christian Chiarcos,Berry Claus,Michael Grabski
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2011-05-26
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110241020

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Salience by Christian Chiarcos,Berry Claus,Michael Grabski Pdf

The volume addresses the role of salience in discourse and provides broad coverage of various perspectives on and functions of discourse salience. The range of multidisciplinary approaches adopted in the volume differ with regard to the underlying theoretical proposals and foci of research. The topics range from (i) entity-based salience to (ii) discourse-structural salience of utterances to (iii) extra-linguistic factors of salience in discourse. Accordingly, the volume is organized into three sections. Part I focuses on discourse referents and the choice of referring expressions. The contributions cover issues such as salience and demonstrativity in Russian, discourse salience and grammatical voice in the West Siberian language Eastern Khanty, the joined information of syntactic and semantic prominence, and a computational framework of salience metrics. The contributions to Part II are concerned with linguistic structures at or above the clause level. The salience of discourse segments is addressed with respect to the translation of discourse relations and position of verb arguments in Old High German. Part III extends the scope beyond purely linguistic phenomena and deals with the role of extra-linguistic salience in discourse processing. Visual salience in a situated-dialog context, salience marking by hypertextual links, and extra-linguistic salience derived from a mental representation of the described situation are all discussed here. The notion of salience is of relevance to discourse studies in theoretical linguistics, computational linguistics, as well as psycholinguistics.

Author : Lyn Frazier
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789401145992

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On Sentence Interpretation by Lyn Frazier Pdf

At present there exists no empirically-motivated theory of how perceivers assign a grammatically-permissible interpretation to a sentence. Implicit in many investigations of language comprehension is the idea that each constituent of a sentence is interpreted by the perceiver at the earliest conceivable point, using all potentially relevant sources of information. A variety of counter examples are presented to argue against this implicit theory of sentence interpretation. It is argued that an explicit alternative theory is needed to specify which decisions are made at which points during interpretive processing and to spell out the principles governing the processor's preferred choice at points of ambiguity or uncertainty. Several specific issues are taken concerning how the processor assigns a focal structure to an input sentence, how it identifies the topic of the sentence, how implicit restrictors on the domain of quantification are interpreted and how the identification of the content of a restrictor may guide the processor's use of discourse information. Exploiting intuitions about preferred interpretations of ambiguous sentences as well as the results of both old and new experimental studies, a theory of the preferred interpretation of Determiner Phrases is presented. This work explores important, but overlooked questions in on-line sentence interpretation and attempts to erect some of the scaffolding for an eventual theory of sentence interpretation.

Author : Adela Coman,Simona Vasilache
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 655 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-08
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031359156

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Social Computing and Social Media by Adela Coman,Simona Vasilache Pdf

This two-volume set LNCS 14025 and 14026 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Social Computing and Social Media, SCSM 2023, held as part of the 25th International Conference, HCI International 2023, held in Copenhagen, Denmark in July 2023. The total of 1578 papers and 396 posters included in the HCII 2023 proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 7472 submissions. The SCSM 2023 conference offers a wide range of topics related to the design, development, assessment, use, and impact of social media.

Author : William Croft
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2001-10-25
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191544798

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Radical Construction Grammar by William Croft Pdf

This book is based on the results of research in language typology, and motivated by the need for a theory to explain them. The essence of the approach is (a) that almost all aspects of grammatical structure are language specific, and (b) that language universals are to be found in conceptual structure and in the mapping of conceptual structure on to linguistic form. It proposes intimate links between syntactic and semantic structures, and argues that the basic elements of any language are not syntactic but syntactic-semantic 'Gestalts'. Professor Croft puts forward a new approach to syntactic representation and a new model of how language and languages work. He covers a wide range of syntactic phenomena, illustrating these with examples that show the varied grammatical structures of the world's languages. The book will be accessible all linguists at graduate level and beyond.

Author : Herre van Oostendorp,Susan R. Goldman
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1998-11
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781135688400

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The Construction of Mental Representations During Reading by Herre van Oostendorp,Susan R. Goldman Pdf

This volume presents in-depth investigations of the processes of meaning-making during reading at both local (discourse) and global (general knowledge) levels. It will be of theoretical and practical interest to cognitive scientists & reading researchers

Author : Beata Beigman Klebanov,Nitin Madnani
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031021824

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Automated Essay Scoring by Beata Beigman Klebanov,Nitin Madnani Pdf

This book discusses the state of the art of automated essay scoring, its challenges and its potential. One of the earliest applications of artificial intelligence to language data (along with machine translation and speech recognition), automated essay scoring has evolved to become both a revenue-generating industry and a vast field of research, with many subfields and connections to other NLP tasks. In this book, we review the developments in this field against the backdrop of Elias Page's seminal 1966 paper titled "The Imminence of Grading Essays by Computer." Part 1 establishes what automated essay scoring is about, why it exists, where the technology stands, and what are some of the main issues. In Part 2, the book presents guided exercises to illustrate how one would go about building and evaluating a simple automated scoring system, while Part 3 offers readers a survey of the literature on different types of scoring models, the aspects of essay quality studied in prior research, and the implementation and evaluation of a scoring engine. Part 4 offers a broader view of the field inclusive of some neighboring areas, and Part \ref{part5} closes with summary and discussion. This book grew out of a week-long course on automated evaluation of language production at the North American Summer School for Logic, Language, and Information (NASSLLI), attended by advanced undergraduates and early-stage graduate students from a variety of disciplines. Teachers of natural language processing, in particular, will find that the book offers a useful foundation for a supplemental module on automated scoring. Professionals and students in linguistics, applied linguistics, educational technology, and other related disciplines will also find the material here useful.

Author : Giambattista Amati
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1553 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2007-03-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540714941

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Advances in Information Retrieval by Giambattista Amati Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 29th annual European Conference on Information Retrieval Research, ECIR 2007, held in Rome, Italy in April 2007. The papers are organized in topical sections on theory and design, efficiency, peer-to-peer networks, result merging, queries, relevance feedback, evaluation, classification and clustering, filtering, topic identification, expert finding, XML IR, Web IR, and multimedia IR.

Author : Nazli Goharian
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-14
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031560279

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Advances in Information Retrieval by Nazli Goharian Pdf

Author : Emar Maier,Andreas Stokke
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192585356

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The Language of Fiction by Emar Maier,Andreas Stokke Pdf

This volume brings together new research on fiction from the fields of philosophy and linguistics. Fiction has long been a topic of interest in philosophy, but recent years have also seen a surge in work on fictional discourse at the intersection between linguistics and philosophy of language. In particular, there has been a growing interest in examining long-standing issues concerning fiction from a perspective that is informed both by philosophy and linguistic theory. Following a detailed introduction by the editors, The Language of Fiction contains 14 chapters by leading scholars in linguistics and philosophy, organized into three parts. Part I, 'Truth, Reference, and Imagination', offers new, interdisciplinary perspectives on some of the central themes from the philosophy of fiction: What is fictional truth? How do fictional names refer? What kind of speech act is involved in telling a fictional story? What is the relation between fiction and imagination? Part II, 'Storytelling', deals with themes originating from the study of narrative: How do we infer a coherent story from a sequence of event descriptions? And how do we interpret the words of impersonal or unreliable narrators? Part III, 'Perspective Shift', focuses on an alleged key characteristic of fictional narratives, namely how we get access to the fictional characters' inner lives, through a variety of literary techniques for representing what they say, think, or see. The volume will be of interest to scholars from graduate level upwards in the fields of discourse analysis, semantics and pragmatics, philosophy of language, psychology, cognitive science, and literary studies.

Author : Claudia Felser,Colin Phillips,Matthew Wagers
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 768 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2017-03-22
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889451326

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Encoding and Navigating Linguistic Representations in Memory by Claudia Felser,Colin Phillips,Matthew Wagers Pdf

Successful speaking and understanding requires mechanisms for reliably encoding structured linguistic representations in memory and for effectively accessing information in those representations later. Studying the time-course of real-time linguistic dependency formation provides a valuable tool for uncovering the cognitive and neural basis of these mechanisms. This volume draws together multiple perspectives on encoding and navigating structured linguistic representations, to highlight important empirical insights, and to identify key priorities for new research in this area.

Author : Manon Tremblay
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2022-01-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030913014

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LGBQ Legislators in Canadian Politics by Manon Tremblay Pdf

This book considers the impact that the increasing number of LGBQ politicians in Canada has had on the political representation of LGBTQ people and communities. Based on analysis of parliamentary speeches and interviews with 28 out LGBQ parliamentarians in Canada between 2017 and 2020, Tremblay shows how out LGBQ MLAs and MPs take advantage of their intermediary position between the LGBTQ movement and the state to represent LGBTQ people and communities. For example, the politicians in this study introduce pro-LGBTQ bills, lobby cabinet ministers, act as a bridge between LGBTQ groups and the civil service, and give talks in schools about their identities. Most importantly, they act as role models for LGBTQ people (particularly children and teens) and contribute to lifting the social stigma around sexuality and gender identity. This latest volume in our Sustainable Development Goals series underlines that SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) can only be accomplished with political representation for the LGBTQ community and minority groups in general.

Author : William Croft
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 467 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191638084

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Verbs by William Croft Pdf

This book presents a model of event structure for the analysis of aspectual constructions and argument structure constructions in English and other languages. Representing the culmination of two decades of the author's research and thought, it explores the contribution of semantics to the argument-structure and tense-aspect constructions in which verbs occur, integrating the aspectual and causal structures of events. The argument is framed in relation to current and previous scholarship and takes full account of diachronic and usage-based research. Professor Croft's analysis encompasses the full range of English verb classes and is enriched throughout by a strong typological dimension: the syntax and semantics of verbs are always seen from a crosslinguistic perspective. This allows the author to demonstrate the generality of his theory and to show how it breaks new ground in predicting and explaining linguistic facts. The subject of the book is at the heart of current work in syntax and semantics and the interface between them. It will interest semanticists, syntacticians and cognitive and functional-typological linguists. The transparency of the author's style and his avoidance of theory-dependent constructs will extend its appeal to linguists of all theoretical stripes.

Author : Alessandro Lenci,Magnus Sahlgren
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2023-09-21
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781009453820

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Distributional Semantics by Alessandro Lenci,Magnus Sahlgren Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive foundation of distributional methods in computational modeling of meaning. It aims to build a common understanding of the theoretical and methodological foundations for students of computational linguistics, natural language processing, computer science, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science.

Author : Annamaria Silvana de Rosa
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781136238666

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Social Representations in the 'Social Arena' by Annamaria Silvana de Rosa Pdf

Social Representations in the 'Social Arena' presents key theoretical issues and extensive empirical research using different theoretical and methodological approaches to consider the value of social representation theory when social representations are examined in real world contexts. This comprehensive text brings together international experts to explore the relevance of a variety of applications of social representation theory in both institutional and organizational settings, and discusses how social representation theory compares with other constructs of social psychology. Areas covered include: justice leadership health and mental illness intergroup relations identity politics environment and tourism economics. This book will appeal to a range of academic researchers and practitioners from a variety of fields who are concerned with the application of social representation theory to various contexts as a heuristic tool for addressing and understanding relevant societal issues faced with 'social demand'.