Vegetation Of The Earth And Ecological Systems Of The Geo Biosphere

Author : Heinrich Walter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468404685

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Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere by Heinrich Walter Pdf

Phytomass and Primary Production of the Various Vegetational Zones and of the Entire Biosphere The biosphere is that thin layer at the earth's surface in which living organisms exist and biological cycling takes place. It includes the upper horizons of the soil in which plants root, the atmosphere near the ground, (insofar as organisms penetrate this space), and all the surface waters. More than 99% of the earth's biomass is phytomass, to which we shall limit our discussion. Amounts of phytomass are distinctly related to vegeta tional zones. Because accurate determination of phytomass and primary production is difficult, only gross estimates have been available until recently. However, in 1970, Bazilevich et al. published (in Russian) more accurate calculations, based on the rapidly accumulating literature, for the various thermal zones and bioclimatic regions of the earth. These authors calculated mean phyto mass and mean annual primary production for the various regions as dry mass (in tons) per hectare. On the basis of measurements of the areas covered by the individual regions, excluding rivers, lakes, glaciers, and permanent snow, total phytomass and total annual primary production for the various regions were obtained (see table). The sum of these figures is the phytomass and annual production of the land surface of the earth. In addition, the table gives corresponding data for the waters of the earth. The values involved are potential i. e. , they are based on natural vegetation uninfluenced by man.

Author : Heinrich Walter,Siegmar-Walter Breckle
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2002-08-07
Category : Gardening
ISBN : 3540433155

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Vegetationszonen und Klima Engl by Heinrich Walter,Siegmar-Walter Breckle Pdf

Zonobiome, desert, Tundra, Taiga, laurel, ecosystem, grassland, climate, forest, tropical, woodlands, rain.

Author : Siegmar-Walter Breckle
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Science
ISBN : 3642561640

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Walter’s Vegetation of the Earth by Siegmar-Walter Breckle Pdf

Vegetation, soil and climate are the most important components of ecological systems. This long-awaited fourth edition of the well-established textbook by Heinrich Walter summarizes our knowledge of the earth's ecology and constitutes the basis for a deeper understanding of the larger interrelations on a global scale. While Walter's general concept remains unchanged, the individual chapters have been completely revised, enlarged and updated. The author's intimate knowledge of practically all classes of plants and climatic zones allows him to describe the various ecological systems in close detail. This richly illustrated textbook is a must for every student in the plant sciences.

Author : Heinrich Walter,Siegmar W. Breckle
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662024379

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Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere by Heinrich Walter,Siegmar W. Breckle Pdf

Author : Heinrich Walter,Siegmar-W. Breckle
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 588 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642701603

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Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere by Heinrich Walter,Siegmar-W. Breckle Pdf

By the end of the last century, the only region in all of Europe where the natural vegetation remained untouched over large expanses was Eastern Europe. Information on the vegetation of this region however, remained mostly unavailable to western scientists although the ecological approach to botanical research originated in Eastern Europe. Heinrich Walter was born in Russia, studied Natural Sciences - with emphasis on botany - in Odessa and is familiar with all relevant Russian literature on ecology. This volume thus offers scientists worldwide a unique and comprehensive survey of all relevant research, including the mostly unknown literature published in Russian.

Author : Siegmar-W. Breckle,M. Daud Rafiqpoor
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3662640384

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Vegetation and Climate by Siegmar-W. Breckle,M. Daud Rafiqpoor Pdf

Vegetation, soil and climate are the most important components of ecological systems. The book presents a compact synthesis of our current knowledge of the ecology of the Earth and is thus the basis for understanding the major interrelationships in a global perspective. In the first part, with a rich endowment of illustrations and photographic material, the well-introduced book deals with the essential processes and operations on the Earth's surface that lead to the formation of the vegetation cover with its distinctive zonation. In the second part, the individual vegetation zones as large-scale ecosystems (i.e. zonobiomes of the biosphere) are consistently described comparatively according to certain criteria. In a short and compact form, the main characteristics and structures as well as examples of ecosystem processes are discussed. The large-scale ecosystems are also the basis and reference system for all anthropogenic changes that have drastically altered vegetation over the last millennia, but especially in the 20th century. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Vegetation und Klima by Siegmar-W. Breckle and M. Daud Rafiqpoor, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2019. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors. Authors Siegmar-W. Breckle long-time professor and head of the Department of Ecology at the University of Bielefeld (Germany). He continued the multi-volume work "Ecology of the Earth" by Heinrich Walter, published numerous articles and books on the ecology of many regions, especially the drylands combined with countless study trips around the globe. His research in deserts, tropics and high mountains is the basis for the corresponding chapters in this book. M. Daud Rafiqpoor, long-time research associate of the Academy of Sciences and Literature in Mainz and coordinator of two ecologically oriented long-term projects of this academy ("Three-dimensional Landscape Classification of the Tropics and Subtropics" and "Biodiversity in Change"). Numerous study trips in almost all tropical and subtropical mountains of the world. Publication of many papers and books on the geography and ecology of tropical and subtropical high mountains and Afghanistan.

Author : Heinrich Walter,Siegmar-W. Breckle
Publisher : Springer
Page : 581 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1989-08-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540150293

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Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere by Heinrich Walter,Siegmar-W. Breckle Pdf

By the end of the last century, the only region in all of Europe where the natural vegetation remained untouched over large expanses was Eastern Europe. Information on the vegetation of this region however, remained mostly unavailable to western scientists although the ecological approach to botanical research originated in Eastern Europe. Heinrich Walter was born in Russia, studied Natural Sciences - with emphasis on botany - in Odessa and is familiar with all relevant Russian literature on ecology. This volume thus offers scientists worldwide a unique and comprehensive survey of all relevant research, including the mostly unknown literature published in Russian.

Author : Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 562 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1996-12-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 0471131571

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Plant Ecophysiology by Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad Pdf

Twenty-nine, prominent, international researchers provide contributions which deal with understanding the basic ecophysiological and molecular principles governing the functioning of plant systems in relation to their environment. Divided into two headings: biotic and abiotic; the first consists of abiotic, natural environmental factors--light, ultraviolet radiation, chilling and freezing, high temperatures, drought, flooding, salt and trace metals. The latter half presents anthropogenic aspects including allelochemicals, herbicides, polyamines, air pollutants, carbon dioxide, radioisotopes and fire.

Author : Christian Leveque
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2003-01-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781482294354

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Ecology by Christian Leveque Pdf

Author : Heinrich Walter,Siegmar-W. Breckle
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Biotic communities
ISBN : OCLC:11523580

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Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere by Heinrich Walter,Siegmar-W. Breckle Pdf

Author : Robert G. Bailey
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461223580

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Ecosystem Geography by Robert G. Bailey Pdf

The analysis and management of ecosystems rely increasingly on sound geographical knowledge. Ecosystem Geography is a landmark contribution which brings the geographer's tools - maps, scales, boundaries, and units - to the study of ecosystems. The author, a senior geographer and program manager with the U.S. Forest Service, has distilled more than two decades of research on ecosystem mapping and classification. His work has had a growing influence on how government and academic scientists are using ecological data to monitor biodiversity, manage land holdings, and interpret the results of climatic change. Ecosystem Geography features spectacular graphics, including diagrams, photographs, and abundant maps. It will be welcomed by ecologists, geographers, land and resource specialists, and anyone involved in the study of ecosystems.

Author : Heinrich Walter,Siegmar W. Breckle
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662068120

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Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere by Heinrich Walter,Siegmar W. Breckle Pdf

In Volume 1 of this four-volume series, ecological problems of a general nature were discussed from a global point of view. Familiarity with this is essential for a full understanding of the more specialized treatment in this and subsequent volumes, for no similar approach is to be found in other ecological handbooks for beginners. This present volume deals in detail with the special ecological relation ships of the tropical and subtropical zonobiomes I to III. Most ecologists proceed from the basis of their experience in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. As a result, many ecological writings show a certain one-sidedness and there is a danger that generalizations made will not be broadly applicable. To avoid this, particular emphasis is laid, in this vol urne, on the special ecological features and the characteristics of the trop ical and subtropical regions. More specifically, we deal not only with the relationship of the euclimatope to zonal soils and zonal vegetation, but also pay attention to azonal conditions shown in pedobiomes and in the altitudinal belts of mountains, the orobiomes. In this and the subsequent volumes the same simple scheme is followed in treating each zonobiome: 1. climate; 2. soils; 3. producers; 4. consum ers; 5. decomposers; 6. ecosystems; 7. sub division into biomes; 8. oro biomes; 9. pedobiomes and 10. zonoecotones. Where it has appeared expedient, however, we have occasionally deviated from this scheme (see Deserts D, F, G and H).

Author : Nikita Glazovsky,Nina Zaitseva
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2009-09-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781848262928

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ENVIRONMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: EARTH SYSTEM by Nikita Glazovsky,Nina Zaitseva Pdf

Environmental Structure And Function: Earth System is a component of Encyclopedia of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. This volume contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Environmental Structure and Function: Earth Systems and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.

Author : H. H. Shugart,F. I. Woodward
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781444348347

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Global Change and the Terrestrial Biosphere by H. H. Shugart,F. I. Woodward Pdf

Global climate change challenges ecologists to synthesize what we know to solve a problem with deep historical roots in our discipline. In ecology, the question, “How do terrestrial ecosystems interact with the other earth systems to produce planetary change?” has sufficient depth to be the focal challenge. This central question is sharpened further as the changes that we may be manifesting upon our planet’s systems of land, sea, air and ice can have potential consequences for the future of human civilization. This book provides the depth of the history of global ecology and reviews the breadth of the ideas being studied today. Each chapter starts with a brief narrative about a scientist whose work traces forward into today’s issues in global ecosystems. The discussions are framed in a growing realization that we may be altering the way our planet functions almost before we have gained the necessary knowledge of how it works at all.

Author : Richard Huggett
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2002-09-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781134882953

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Geoecology: An Evolutionary Approach by Richard Huggett Pdf

Animals, plants and soils interact with one another, with the terrestrial spheres, and with the rest of the Cosmos. On land, this rich interaction creates landscape systems or geoecosystems. Geoecology investigates the structure and function of geoecosystems, their components and their environment. The author develops a simple dynamic systems model, the `brash' equation, to form the conceptual framework for the book suggesting an `ecological' and `evolutionary' approach. Exploring internal of `ecological' interactions between geoecosystems and their near-surface environments - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, toposhere, and lithosphere - and external influences, both geological and cosmic, Geoecology presents geoecosystems as dynamic entities constantly responding to changes within themselves and their surroundings. An `evolutionary' view emerges of geoecological systems, and the animals, plants, and soils comprising them, providing a new way of thinking for the whole environmental complex and the rich web of interdependencies contained therein.