War Politics And Society In Early Modern China 900 1975

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War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900–1795

Peter Lorge
War Politics and Society in Early Modern China 900 1795 Book PDF

Author : Peter Lorge
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2006-03-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134372867

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War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900–1795 by Peter Lorge Pdf

"In this new take on China's early modern history, Peter Lorge presents a fresh overview of the repeated recreation of the Chinese empire through military force. Emphasizing the relationship between the military and politics, and China's power as an empire, Lorge argues that the strength of the territorial claims and political impact of each dynasty were determined primarily by their military capacity rather than by their cultural characteristics." "Using a chronological narrative, War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900-1795 breaks free of the dynastic boundaries that shape much scholarship in this area, focusing instead on the growing power of local elites. This power eventually led to a system of loose central control - to the sacrifice of real, centralized power over local affairs. Ideal for students of military and Asian studies, War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900-1795 is essential reading for anyone interested in the military history of China."--Jacket.

War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900-1795

Peter Allan Lorge
War Politics and Society in Early Modern China 900 1795 Book PDF

Author : Peter Allan Lorge
Publisher : Taylor & Francis US
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : History
ISBN : 041531691X

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War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900-1795 by Peter Allan Lorge Pdf

"Using a chronological narrative, War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900-1795 breaks free of the dynastic boundaries that shape much scholarship in this area, focusing instead on the growing power of local elites. This power eventually led to a system of loose central control - to the sacrifice of real, centralized power over local affairs. Ideal for students of military and Asian studies, War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900-1795 is essential reading for anyone interested in the military history of China."--BOOK JACKET.

War and State Formation in Ancient China and Early Modern Europe

Victoria Tin-bor Hui
War and State Formation in Ancient China and Early Modern Europe Book PDF

Author : Victoria Tin-bor Hui
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2005-07-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1139443569

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War and State Formation in Ancient China and Early Modern Europe by Victoria Tin-bor Hui Pdf

The Eurocentric conventional wisdom holds that the West is unique in having a multi-state system in international relations and liberal democracy in state-society relations. At the same time, the Sinocentric perspective believes that China is destined to have authoritarian rule under a unified empire. In fact, China in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (656–221 BC) was once a system of sovereign territorial states similar to Europe in the early modern period. Both cases witnessed the prevalence of war, formation of alliances, development of the centralized bureaucracy, emergence of citizenship rights, and expansion of international trade. This book, first published in 2005, examines why China and Europe shared similar processes but experienced opposite outcomes. This historical comparison of China and Europe challenges the presumption that Europe was destined to enjoy checks and balances while China was preordained to suffer under a coercive universal status.

The Measure of Civilization

Ian Morris
The Measure of Civilization Book PDF

Author : Ian Morris
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-01-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781400844760

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The Measure of Civilization by Ian Morris Pdf

A groundbreaking look at Western and Eastern social development from the end of the ice age to today In the past thirty years, there have been fierce debates over how civilizations develop and why the West became so powerful. The Measure of Civilization presents a brand-new way of investigating these questions and provides new tools for assessing the long-term growth of societies. Using a groundbreaking numerical index of social development that compares societies in different times and places, award-winning author Ian Morris sets forth a sweeping examination of Eastern and Western development across 15,000 years since the end of the last ice age. He offers surprising conclusions about when and why the West came to dominate the world and fresh perspectives for thinking about the twenty-first century. Adapting the United Nations' approach for measuring human development, Morris's index breaks social development into four traits—energy capture per capita, organization, information technology, and war-making capacity—and he uses archaeological, historical, and current government data to quantify patterns. Morris reveals that for 90 percent of the time since the last ice age, the world's most advanced region has been at the western end of Eurasia, but contrary to what many historians once believed, there were roughly 1,200 years—from about 550 to 1750 CE—when an East Asian region was more advanced. Only in the late eighteenth century CE, when northwest Europeans tapped into the energy trapped in fossil fuels, did the West leap ahead. Resolving some of the biggest debates in global history, The Measure of Civilization puts forth innovative tools for determining past, present, and future economic and social trends.

The Evolution of Operational Art

John Andreas Olsen,Martin van Creveld
The Evolution of Operational Art Book PDF

Author : John Andreas Olsen,Martin van Creveld
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199599486

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The Evolution of Operational Art by John Andreas Olsen,Martin van Creveld Pdf

Broadly defined as the grey area between strategy and tactics, operational art spans the theory and practice of planning and conducting campaigns and major operations aimed at accomplishing strategic and operational objectives in a given theatre of operations. An intermediate link between strategy and tactics has always existed, but a distinct concept that encompasses a systematic and deliberate plan of campaign for major operations is a mere two hundred years old. Based on country specific case-studies, this book describes how the concepts that underpin operational art originated, how they received practical expression in various campaigns, and how they developed over time. The point of departure is the campaigns of 'the God of War', Napoleon Bonaparte. The book then proceeds with chapters on the evolution of operational art in Prussia / Germany, the Soviet Union / Russia, the United Kingdom, United States, Israel, and China. The final chapter deals with the future of operational art in irregular warfare. Theory is critical to refining and improving existing methods of applying operational warfare, and its importance cannot be overstated; however, to be useful, theory and its accompanying vocabulary must be combined with a proper examination of historical trends and practical experience. The present volume attempts to achieve that combination. This book is a project of the Oxford Leverhulme Programme on the Changing Character of War.

Modern China

Bruce A. Elleman,S. C. M. Paine
Modern China Book PDF

Author : Bruce A. Elleman,S. C. M. Paine
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9781538103876

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Modern China by Bruce A. Elleman,S. C. M. Paine Pdf

Now in a fully updated edition, this accessible text provides a balanced history of modern China in a global context. The authors focus especially on China’s culture, warfare, and immediate neighbors and provide a unique comparative approach to bridge the cultural divide separating Chinese history from Western readers trying to understand it.

China at War

Xiaobing Li
China at War Book PDF

Author : Xiaobing Li
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 641 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781598844160

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China at War by Xiaobing Li Pdf

This comprehensive volume traces the Chinese military and its experiences over the past 2,500 years, describing clashes with other kingdoms and nations as well as internal rebellions and revolutions. As the first book of its kind, China at War: An Encyclopedia expands far beyond the conventional military history book that is focused on describing key wars, battles, military leaders, and influential events. Author Xiaobing Li—an expert writer in the subjects of Asian history and military affairs—provides not only a broad, chronological account of China's long military history, but also addresses Chinese values, concepts, and attitudes regarding war. As a result, readers can better understand the wider sociopolitical history of the most populous and one of the largest countries in the world—and grasp the complex security concerns and strategic calculations often behind China's decision-making process. This encyclopedia contains an introductory essay written to place the reference entries within a larger contextual framework, allowing students to compare Chinese with Western and American views and approaches to war. Topics among the hundreds of entries by experts in the field include Sunzi's classic The Art of War, Mao Zedong's guerrilla warfare in the 20th century, Chinese involvement in the Korean War and Vietnam War, and China's nuclear program in the 21st century.

Why Did Europe Conquer the World?

Philip T. Hoffman
Why Did Europe Conquer the World Book PDF

Author : Philip T. Hoffman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2017-01-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691175843

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Why Did Europe Conquer the World? by Philip T. Hoffman Pdf

The startling economic and political answers behind Europe's historical dominance Between 1492 and 1914, Europeans conquered 84 percent of the globe. But why did Europe establish global dominance, when for centuries the Chinese, Japanese, Ottomans, and South Asians were far more advanced? In Why Did Europe Conquer the World?, Philip Hoffman demonstrates that conventional explanations—such as geography, epidemic disease, and the Industrial Revolution—fail to provide answers. Arguing instead for the pivotal role of economic and political history, Hoffman shows that if certain variables had been different, Europe would have been eclipsed, and another power could have become master of the world. Hoffman sheds light on the two millennia of economic, political, and historical changes that set European states on a distinctive path of development, military rivalry, and war. This resulted in astonishingly rapid growth in Europe's military sector, and produced an insurmountable lead in gunpowder technology. The consequences determined which states established colonial empires or ran the slave trade, and even which economies were the first to industrialize. Debunking traditional arguments, Why Did Europe Conquer the World? reveals the startling reasons behind Europe's historic global supremacy.

Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History

Matthew White
Atrocities The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History Book PDF

Author : Matthew White
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 688 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2011-11-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9780393083309

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Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History by Matthew White Pdf

“An amusing (really) account of the murderous ways of despots, slave traders, blundering royals, gladiators and assorted hordes.”—New York Times Evangelists of human progress meet their opposite in Matthew White’s epic examination of history’s one hundred most violent events, or, in White’s piquant phrasing, “the numbers that people want to argue about.” Reaching back to the Second Persian War in 480 BCE and moving chronologically through history, White surrounds hard facts (time and place) and succinct takeaways (who usually gets the blame?) with lively military, social, and political histories.

Defending Heaven

James Waterson
Defending Heaven Book PDF

Author : James Waterson
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9781783469437

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Defending Heaven by James Waterson Pdf

“A very readable account of the protracted and ultimately unsuccessful efforts of the Song, Xia, and Jin dynasties to defend China from the Mongols.”—StrategyPage Defending Heaven brings together, for the first time in one volume, the complete histories of the wars the Jin, Song, Xia, and Ming dynasties fought against the Mongols. Lasting nearly two centuries, these wars, fought to defend Chinese civilization against a brutal and unrelenting foe, pitted personal heroics against the inexorable Mongol war machine and involved every part of the Chinese state. The resistance of the Chinese dynasties to the Khans is a complex and rich story of shifting alliances and political scheming, vast armies and navies, bloody battles and an astonishing technological revolution. The great events of China’s Mongol war are described and analyzed, detailing their immediate and later implications for Chinese history. In this excellent new book, James Waterson tackles this fascinating subject with characteristic verve and skill. Setting the Mongol war in the wider context of China’s ancient and almost perpetual conflict with the northern nomads, it sheds light on the evolution of China’s military society and the management, command, and control of the army by the Chinese state. “An excellent contribution not only to the study of the Mongol Empire but also to military history . . . Anyone interested in medieval warfare will find Defending Heaven of interest.”—Professor Timothy May, in De Re Militari

The History of Taiwan

Xiaobing Li
The History of Taiwan Book PDF

Author : Xiaobing Li
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9781440861260

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The History of Taiwan by Xiaobing Li Pdf

This one-volume handbook explores the history of Taiwan, from its prehistory to its Japanese colonization to its tumultuous relationship with China in the 21st century. This addition to the Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations series focuses on significant events in the history of Taiwan, from ancient history to the present. Following the general series format, the book opens with the series foreword and a chronology of key events in Taiwan's history. Eleven chapters follow, with half of the book focusing on the modern historic events that occurred post–World War II. Chapters examine topics and eras including Pre-history and Early Civilization to 1100; Formosa: The Dutch Colony, 1622–1662; Cold War Island: Conflicts and Control, 1950–1972; and Democratization and Independence Movement, 1996–2004. A glossary of terms and annotated bibliography rounds out the work, making it an ideal resource for high school and undergraduate students as well as general readers who are looking for an introduction to Taiwan's history.

State Reconstitution in China, Japan and East Africa

Graham F. Odell
State Reconstitution in China Japan and East Africa Book PDF

Author : Graham F. Odell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000163322

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State Reconstitution in China, Japan and East Africa by Graham F. Odell Pdf

Presented through an investigation of Sengoku Japan and Republican China, this book proposes an innovative explanation of state formation that focuses on ideational and geographic factors. This study addresses the question; why are some collapsed states able to reconstitute themselves where others have not? Graham F. Odell employs two cases of successful state reconstitution – Republican China (1912-1949) and Sengoku Japan (1477-1615) – to derive a new theoretical framework around this question. These cases are distinct across several significant factors, making them ideal for a research design that seeks to formulate an original theoretical explanation for a phenomenon. Taken together, these two periods of Chinese and Japanese history are paradigmatic cases of state collapse and reconstitution and thus intrinsically compelling to the study of state formation. By developing a new theory of successful state reconstitution through emphasizing the roles of ideology, political symbolism and the geographical distribution of social power, this text provides an answer to the question that has not only scholarly and practical implications, but also a wide geographical applicability. This book will be key reading for scholars interested in matters of international politics, political science, and state formation, especially in East Asia.

The Oxford World History of Empire

Peter Fibiger Bang,C. A. Bayly,Walter Scheidel
The Oxford World History of Empire Book PDF

Author : Peter Fibiger Bang,C. A. Bayly,Walter Scheidel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1353 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9780197532782

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The Oxford World History of Empire by Peter Fibiger Bang,C. A. Bayly,Walter Scheidel Pdf

This is the first world history of empire, reaching from the third millennium BCE to the present. By combining synthetic surveys, thematic comparative essays, and numerous chapters on specific empires, its two volumes provide unparalleled coverage of imperialism throughout history and across continents, from Asia to Europe and from Africa to the Americas. Only a few decades ago empire was believed to be a thing of the past; now it is clear that it has been and remains one of the most enduring forms of political organization and power. We cannot understand the dynamics and resilience of empire without moving decisively beyond the study of individual cases or particular periods, such as the relatively short age of European colonialism. The history of empire, as these volumes amply demonstrate, needs to be drawn on the much broader canvas of global history. Volume Two: The History of Empires tracks the protean history of political domination from the very beginnings of state formation in the Bronze Age up to the present. Case studies deal with the full range of the historical experience of empire, from the realms of the Achaemenids and Asoka to the empires of Mali and Songhay, and from ancient Rome and China to the Mughals, American settler colonialism, and the Soviet Union. Forty-five chapters detailing the history of individual empires are tied together by a set of global synthesizing surveys that structure the world history of empire into eight chronological phases.

"A Model for All Christian Women"

Gail King
A Model for All Christian Women Book PDF

Author : Gail King
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-29
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9781000333565

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"A Model for All Christian Women" by Gail King Pdf

This biography of Candida Xu (1607–1680), granddaughter of the prominent Chinese Christian convert and statesman Xu Guangqi (1562–1633) and foremost Chinese Christian woman of the seventeenth century, is based on the biography of Candida Xu titled Histoire d’une dame chrétienne de la Chine (Paris, 1688) written by her confessor Philippe Couplet, S.J. (1623–1693), an obituary of his mother and other writings by her eldest son, and the Xu family history. Using these as well as other relevant European missionary and Chinese language sources, Candida Xu’s life as daughter, wife, mother, and generous contributor to the Christian Church is recounted. Events in her life are set in the context of historical and religious circumstances in China at the time. Consideration of the situation of women, particularly Christian women, draws out how Candida Xu’s faith helped her and other believing Christian women to gain greater freedom of choice and action.

Civil-Military Relations in Chinese History

Kai Filipiak
Civil Military Relations in Chinese History Book PDF

Author : Kai Filipiak
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317573432

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Civil-Military Relations in Chinese History by Kai Filipiak Pdf

Modern studies of civil--military relations recognise that the military is separate from civil society, with its own norms and values, principles of organization, and regulations. Key issues of concern include the means by which – and the extent to which – the civil power controls the military; and also the ways in which military values and approaches permeate and affect wider society. This book examines these issues in relation to China, covering the full range of Chinese history from the Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties up to the Communist takeover in 1949. It traces how civil--military relations were different in different periods, explores how military specialization and professionalization developed, and reveals how military weakness often occurred when the civil authority with weak policies exerted power over the military. Overall, the book shows how attitudes to the military’s role in present day Communist China were forged in earlier periods.