A Critique Of John Locke And David Humes Theories Of Knowledge

Author : Mbogo Wa Wambui
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783346187390

Get Book

A Critique of John Locke and David Humes' Theories of Knowledge by Mbogo Wa Wambui Pdf

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Philosophy - Philosophy of the 17th and 18th Centuries, grade: A, University of Nairobi, language: English, abstract: British philosophers, John Locke and David Hume, are considered empiricists. This is because they based their philosophies on natural science. Both philosophers contributed to the theory of knowledge with Locke coming up with sensations and reflections and Hume coming up with impressions and ideas as the cornerstones of their theories of knowledge. Their theories aim to show us that everything we understand is by virtue of its connection with experience. Experience, therefore is the source of knowledge for these philosophers. This paper looks into empiricism both as a source and method of knowledge. The approach taken is by mirroring John Locke’s theory of knowledge with that of David Hume, identifying similarities, influence of Locke on Hume, the differences between them and a critique on the credibility of empiricism, as one of the sources and methods of knowledge. The conclusion arrived at is that empiricist ideas can explain the physical world and what we know of it but there remains rationally derived knowledge. On this account, both empiricism and rationalism are credible sources and methods of knowledge.

Author : Jonathan Wolff,G. A. Cohen
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691149004

Get Book

Lectures on the History of Moral and Political Philosophy by Jonathan Wolff,G. A. Cohen Pdf

Previously unpublished writings from one of the most important political philosophers of recent times G. A. Cohen was one of the leading political philosophers of recent times. He first came to wide attention in 1978 with the prize-winning book Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence. In subsequent decades his published writings largely turned away from the history of philosophy, focusing instead on equality, freedom, and justice. However, throughout his career he regularly lectured on a wide range of moral and political philosophers of the past. This volume collects these previously unpublished lectures. Starting with a chapter centered on Plato, but also discussing the pre-Socratics as well as Aristotle, the book moves to social contract theory as discussed by Hobbes, Locke, and Hume, and then continues with chapters on Kant, Hegel, and Nietzsche. The book also contains some previously published but uncollected papers on Marx, Hobbes, and Kant, among other figures. The collection concludes with a memoir of Cohen written by the volume editor, Jonathan Wolff, who was a student of Cohen's. A hallmark of the lectures is Cohen's engagement with the thinkers he discusses. Rather than simply trying to render their thought accessible to the modern reader, he tests whether their arguments and positions are clear, sound, and free from contradiction. Throughout, he homes in on central issues and provides fresh approaches to the philosophers he examines. Ultimately, these lectures teach us not only about some of the great thinkers in the history of moral and political philosophy, but also about one of the great thinkers of our time: Cohen himself.

Author : David Hume
Publisher : BoD - Books on Demand
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2022-12-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9791041940387

Get Book

An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals by David Hume Pdf

An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (EPM) is a book by Scottish enlightenment philosopher David Hume. In it, Hume argues (among other things) that the foundations of morals lie with sentiment, not reason. An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals is the enquiry subsequent to the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (EHU). Thus, it is often referred to as "the second Enquiry". It was originally published in 1751, three years after the first Enquiry. Hume first discusses ethics in A Treatise of Human Nature (in Book 3 - "Of Morals"). He later extracted and expounded upon the ideas he proposed there in his second Enquiry. In his short autobiographical work, My Own Life (1776), Hume states that his second Enquiry is "of all my writings, historical, philosophical, or literary, incomparably the best."

Author : David Hume
Publisher : VM eBooks
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding by David Hume Pdf

Moral philosophy, or the science of human nature, may be treated after two different manners; each of which has its peculiar merit, and may contribute to the entertainment, instruction, and reformation of mankind. The one considers man chiefly as born for action; and as influenced in his measures by taste and sentiment; pursuing one object, and avoiding another, according to the value which these objects seem to possess, and according to the light in which they present themselves. As virtue, of all objects, is allowed to be the most valuable, this species of philosophers paint her in the most amiable colours; borrowing all helps from poetry and eloquence, and treating their subject in an easy and obvious manner, and such as is best fitted to please the imagination, and engage the affections. They select the most striking observations and instances from common life; place opposite characters in a proper contrast; and alluring us into the paths of virtue by the views of glory and happiness, direct our steps in these paths by the soundest precepts and most illustrious examples. They make us feel the difference between vice and virtue; they excite and regulate our sentiments; and so they can but bend our hearts to the love of probity and true honour, they think, that they have fully attained the end of all their labours.

Author : Mary Pauline Fitts
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1960
Category : Meaning (Psychology).
ISBN : UVA:X006050680

Get Book

John Locke's Theory of Meaning by Mary Pauline Fitts Pdf

Author : James Gibson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780521050777

Get Book

Locke's Theory Knowledge and Its Historical Relations by James Gibson Pdf

This hugely detailed work is an invaluable collation of Locke's theories.

Author : E.J. Lowe
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134455737

Get Book

Locke by E.J. Lowe Pdf

John Locke (1632-1704) was one of the towering philosophers of the Enlightenment and arguably the greatest English philosopher. Many assumptions we now take for granted, about liberty, knowledge and government, come from Locke and his most influential works, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Two Treatises of Government. In this superb introduction to Locke's thought, E.J. Lowe covers all the major aspects of his philosophy. Whilst sensitive to the seventeenth-century background to Locke's thought, he concentrates on introducing and assessing Locke in a contemporary philosophical setting, explaining why he is so important today. Beginning with a helpful overview of Locke's life and times, he explains how Locke challenged the idea that the human mind and knowledge of the external world rested on innate principles, laying the philosophical foundations of empiricism later taken up by Berkeley and Hume. Subsequent chapters introduce and critically assess topics fundamental to understanding Locke: his theories of substance and identity, language and meaning, philosophy of action and free will, and political freedom and toleration. In doing so, he explains some of the more complex yet pivotal aspects of Locke's thought, such as his theory that language rests on ideas and how Locke's theory of personal identity paved the way for modern empirical psychology. A final chapter assesses Locke's legacy, and the book includes a helpful chronology of Locke's life and glossary of unfamiliar terms.

Author : James Gibson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2015-07-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1330850890

Get Book

Locke's Theory of Knowledge and Its Historical Relations (Classic Reprint) by James Gibson Pdf

Excerpt from Locke's Theory of Knowledge and Its Historical Relations This study of Locke's Theory of Knowledge was begun as an introduction to an edition of the Essay upon which I have been engaged for some years, but in view of the proportions to which it has grown it has seemed better that it should appear independently. Notwithstanding the labours of Campbell Fraser and the admirable little volume by Professor Alexander, the Essay still suffers from the twin assumptions, that it can be understood without being studied and that its full significance can be summed up in a small number of simple propositions. In truth, few philosophical classics lend themselves less readily to such summary treatment than do its carefully guarded statements, and its complex, unstable thought positions. In the exposition of Locke's doctrine, which occupies the first half of this book, I have, accordingly, sought to indicate the grounds of my interpretation by frequent references and quotations. The relation of Locke's thought to that of his predecessors and contemporaries has hitherto received but little consideration, and that little not from his countrymen. To throw some further light upon the influences which affected his work has, consequently, been one of my chief aims. On the other hand, I have omitted all reference to the movement which culminated in Hume, to have dealt with which with the necessary fullness would too greatly have extended the length of the present work. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Author : Hannah Dawson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2007-06-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139463911

Get Book

Locke, Language and Early-Modern Philosophy by Hannah Dawson Pdf

In a powerful and original contribution to the history of ideas, Hannah Dawson explores the intense preoccupation with language in early-modern philosophy, and presents an analysis of John Locke's critique of words. By examining a broad sweep of pedagogical and philosophical material from antiquity to the late seventeenth century, Dr Dawson explains why language caused anxiety in various writers. Locke, Language and Early-Modern Philosophy demonstrates that developments in philosophy, in conjunction with weaknesses in linguistic theory, resulted in serious concerns about the capacity of words to refer to the world, the stability of meaning, and the duplicitous power of words themselves. Dr Dawson shows that language so fixated all manner of early-modern authors because it was seen as an obstacle to both knowledge and society. She thereby uncovers a novel story about the problem of language in philosophy, and in the process reshapes our understanding of early-modern epistemology, morality and politics.

Author : Edward Tagart
Publisher : Legare Street Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2023-07-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1019902752

Get Book

Locke's Writings and Philosophy Historically Considered, and Vindicated From the Charge of Contributing to the Scepticism of Hume; by Edward Tagart Pdf

In this scholarly work, Edward Tagart defends John Locke's philosophy against the criticisms of David Hume. He argues that Hume's skepticism was not a result of Locke's thinking, but rather a departure from it. Tagart conducts a thorough analysis of Locke's ideas on knowledge, perception, and causality, shedding light on one of the most important figures in Western philosophy. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Author : David Hume
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1953
Category : Knowledge, Theory of
ISBN : UOM:39015063864089

Get Book

Theory of Knowledge by David Hume Pdf

Author : John Locke
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2009-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1409961052

Get Book

Of the Conduct of the Understanding by John Locke Pdf

John Locke (1632-1704) was an English philosopher. Locke is considered the first of the British Empiricists, but is equally important to social contract theory. His ideas had enormous influence on the development of epistemology and political philosophy, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers and contributors to liberal theory. His writings influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. This influence is reflected in the American Declaration of Independence. Locke's theory of mind is often cited as the origin for modern conceptions of identity and "the self," figuring prominently in the later works of philosophers such as David Hume, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant. He exercised a profound influence on philosophy and politics, in particular on liberalism. Most modern libertarians claim him as an influence. He was a strong influence on Voltaire, while his arguments concerning liberty and the social contract later influenced the written works of Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson. His works include: Second Treatise of Government (1690) and An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding (1690).

Author : John Locke,George Berkeley,David Hume
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1910
Category : Philosophy, English
ISBN : PSU:000032515824

Get Book

English Philosophers of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries by John Locke,George Berkeley,David Hume Pdf

Author : Jeremy J. White
Publisher : University Press of America
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0761810897

Get Book

A Humean Critique of David Hume's Theory of Knowledge by Jeremy J. White Pdf

A Humean Critique of David Hume's Theory of Knowledge provides the first full-length Aristotilian-Thomistic critique of Hume's most mature and familiar work. While giving Hume proper respect and appreciation for his achievement, Jeremy White engages in a thoughtful critique through an approach based in Hume's own method. He successfully uncovers Hume's unconscious indebtedness to his seventeenth century predecessors, including Locke and Bacon, whom he persistently discredited. White's discovery of Hume's assumptions and premises for building his philosophy provide much enlightenment regarding his ideas. The author's intimacy with the processes of Hume's mind and from where he drew his conclusions translates into a tremendous ease and comfort in gaining an understanding of Hume's epistemology and his underlying metaphysical assumptions.

Author : Jeremy Kleidosty,Ian Jackson
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351353557

Get Book

Two Treatises of Government by Jeremy Kleidosty,Ian Jackson Pdf

John Locke’s 1689 Two Treatises of Government is a key text in the history of political theory – one whose influence remains marked on modern politics, the American Constitution and beyond. Two Treatises is more than a seminal work on the nature and legitimacy of government. It is also a masterclass in two key critical thinking skills: evaluation and reasoning. Evaluation is all about judging and assessing arguments – asking how relevant, adequate and convincing they are. And, at its heart, the first of Locke’s two treatises is pure evaluation: a long and incisive dissection of a treatise on the arguments in Sir Robert Filmer’s Patriarcha. Filmer’s book had defended the doctrine that kings were absolute rulers whose legitimacy came directly from God (the so-called “divine right of kings”), basing his arguments on Biblical explanations and evidence. Locke carefully rebutted Filmer’s arguments, on their own terms, by reference to both the Bible and to recorded history. Finding Filmer’s evidence either to be insufficient or unacceptable, Locke concluded that his argument for patriarchy was weak to the point of invalidity. In the second of Locke’s treatises, the author goes on to construct his own argument concerning the sources of legitimate power, and the nature of that power. Carefully building his own argument from a logical consideration of man in “the state of nature”, Locke creates a convincing argument that civilised society should be based on natural human rights and the social contract.