A Guide To Impact Fees And Housing Affordability

Author : Arthur C. Nelson,Liza K. Bowles,Julian C. Juergensmeyer,James C. Nicholas
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2012-06-22
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781610910842

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A Guide to Impact Fees and Housing Affordability by Arthur C. Nelson,Liza K. Bowles,Julian C. Juergensmeyer,James C. Nicholas Pdf

Impact fees are one-time charges that are applied to new residential developments by local governments that are seeking funds to pay for the construction or expansion of public facilities, such as water and sewer systems, schools, libraries, and parks and recreation facilities. In the face of taxpayer revolts against increases in property taxes, impact fees are used increasingly by local governments throughout the U.S. to finance construction or improvement of their infrastructure. Recent estimates suggest that 60 percent of all American cities with over 25,000 residents use some form of impact fees. In California, it is estimated that 90 percent of such cities impose impact fees. For more than thirty years, impact fees have been calculated based on proportionate share of the cost of the infrastructure improvements that are to be funded by the fees. However, neither laws nor courts have ensured that fees charged to new homes are themselves proportionate. For example, the impact fee may be the same for every home in a new development, even when homes vary widely in size and selling price. Data show, however, that smaller and less costly homes have fewer people living in them and thus less impact on facilities than larger homes. This use of a flat impact fee for all residential units disproportionately affects lower-income residents. The purpose of this guidebook is to help practitioners design impact fees that are equitable. It demonstrates exactly how a fair impact fee program can be designed and implemented. In addition, it includes information on the history of impact fees, discusses alternatives to impact fees, and summarizes state legislation that can infl uence the design of local fee programs. Case studies provide useful illustrations of successful programs. This book should be the first place that planning professionals, public officials, land use lawyers, developers, homebuilders, and citizen activists turn for help in crafting (or recrafting) proportionate-share impact fee programs.

Author : Liza Bowles,Arthur C. Nelson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1376492242

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Impact Fees and Housing Affordability by Liza Bowles,Arthur C. Nelson Pdf

Impact fees are one-time charges applied to new development. Impact fees are a form of land-use regulation designed to assure that communities maintain adequate levels of public facilities in the face of growth. The resulting revenue generated for the construction or expansion of new facilities is coincidental to their land-use regulatory (i.e. police power) purpose. Were it not for growth many communities would have adequate public facilities and often if growth is at a manageable pace adequate public facilities can be provided concurrent with the impacts of growth. To assure adequate public facilities, impact fees are assessed and dedicated principally for the provision of additional water and sewer systems, schools, libraries, parks and recreation facilities, and other infrastructure made necessary by the presence of new residents in the area. The funds collected cannot be used for operation and maintenance, repair, alteration, or replacement of capital facilities. As will be noted, impact fees are not the best way in which to finance most public facilities from a variety of theoretical perspectives and instead taxes are. However, in the absence of the legal or political ability to raise taxes combined with a desire to maintain level-of-service quality in their communities, elected officials may see impact fees as a pragmatic solution.

Author : Liza K. Bowles
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Housing
ISBN : OCLC:649479137

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Impact Fees & Housing Affordability by Liza K. Bowles Pdf

Author : Arthur C. Nelson,James C. Nicholas,Julian Conrad Juergensmeyer,Clancy Mullen
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 563 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2022-11-29
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781000782912

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Proportionate Share Impact Fees and Development Mitigation by Arthur C. Nelson,James C. Nicholas,Julian Conrad Juergensmeyer,Clancy Mullen Pdf

After decades of evolving practice often tested in court, development impact fees have become institutionalized in the American planning and local government finance systems. But, they remain contentious, especially as they continue to evolve. This book is the third in a series of impact fee guidebooks for practitioners, following A Practitioner’s Guide to Development Impact Fees and Impact Fees: Proportionate Share Development Fees. Proportionate Share Impact Fees and Development Mitigation is the culmination of the authors’ careers devoted to pioneering applications of the dual rational nexus test. That test requires (1) establishing the rational nexus between the need for infrastructure, broadly defined, to mitigate the impacts of development and (2) ensuring that development mitigating its infrastructure impacts benefits proportionately. The book elevates professional practice in two ways. First, it shows how the rational nexus test can be applied to all forms of development infrastructure impact mitigation. Second, it establishes the link between professional ethics and equity as applied to proportionate share impact fees and development mitigation. The book is divided into four parts, with the first reviewing policy and legal foundations, the second detailing the planning, calculation, and implementation requirements, the third exploring economic, ethical, and equity implications, and the fourth presenting state-of-the-art case studies. Proportionate Share Impact Fees and Development Mitigation sets new standards for professional practice.

Author : DIANE Publishing Company
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1995-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780788119743

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Making Housing Affordable by DIANE Publishing Company Pdf

Recognizes that most states do not easily or readily intervene in local land use matters, such as local zoning, subdivision, building regulations, and impact fees. Identifies specific regulatory issues and practices which directly affect the cost of housing and thereby command state attention and action.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 3870 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-10-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780080471716

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International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home by Anonim Pdf

Available online via SciVerse ScienceDirect, or in print for a limited time only, The International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, Seven Volume Set is the first international reference work for housing scholars and professionals, that uses studies in economics and finance, psychology, social policy, sociology, anthropology, geography, architecture, law, and other disciplines to create an international portrait of housing in all its facets: from meanings of home at the microscale, to impacts on macro-economy. This comprehensive work is edited by distinguished housing expert Susan J. Smith, together with Marja Elsinga, Ong Seow Eng, Lorna Fox O'Mahony and Susan Wachter, and a multi-disciplinary editorial team of 20 world-class scholars in all. Working at the cutting edge of their subject, liaising with an expert editorial advisory board, and engaging with policy-makers and professionals, the editors have worked for almost five years to secure the quality, reach, relevance and coherence of this work. A broad and inclusive table of contents signals (or tesitifes to) detailed investigation of historical and theoretical material as well as in-depth analysis of current issues. This seven-volume set contains over 500 entries, listed alphabetically, but grouped into seven thematic sections including methods and approaches; economics and finance; environments; home and homelessness; institutions; policy; and welfare and well-being. Housing professionals, both academics and practitioners, will find The International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home useful for teaching, discovery, and research needs. International in scope, engaging with trends in every world region The editorial board and contributors are drawn from a wide constituency, collating expertise from academics, policy makers, professionals and practitioners, and from every key center for housing research Every entry stands alone on its merits and is accessed alphabetically, yet each is fully cross-referenced, and attached to one of seven thematic categories whose ‘wholes' far exceed the sum of their parts

Author : Vicki Elmer,Adam Leigland
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 738 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135906412

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Infrastructure Planning and Finance by Vicki Elmer,Adam Leigland Pdf

Infrastructure Planning and Finance is a non-technical guide to the engineering, planning, and financing of major infrastucture projects in the United States, providing both step-by-step guidance, and a broad overview of the technical, political, and economic challenges of creating lasting infrastructure in the 21st Century. Infrastructure Planning and Finance is designed for the local practitioner or student who wants to learn the basics of how to develop an infrastructure plan, a program, or an individual infrastructure project. A team of authors with experience in public works, planning, and city government explain the history and economic environment of infrastructure and capital planning, addressing common tools like the comprehensive plan, sustainability plans, and local regulations. The book guides readers through the preparation and development of comprehensive plans and infrastructure projects, and through major funding mechanisms, from bonds, user fees, and impact fees to privatization and competition. The rest of the book describes the individual infrastructure systems: their elements, current issues and a 'how-to-do-it' section that covers the system and the comprehensive plan, development regulations and how it can be financed. Innovations such as decentralization, green and blue-green technologies are described as well as local policy actions to achieve a more sustainable city are also addressed. Chapters include water, wastewater, solid waste, streets, transportation, airports, ports, community facilities, parks, schools, energy and telecommunications. Attention is given to how local policies can ensure a sustainable and climate friendly infrastructure system, and how planning for them can be integrated across disciplines.

Author : Shishir Mathur
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2024-03-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781009445306

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Development Charges by Shishir Mathur Pdf

The book reviews development charges globally and in the specific case of India to show how they are inadequate. It suggests ways to levy development charges that are legally sound, transparent, equitable, and politically and administratively feasible.

Author : Shishir Mathur
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2016-05-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317116448

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Innovation in Public Transport Finance by Shishir Mathur Pdf

With all levels of governments currently, and for the foreseeable future, under significant fiscal stress, any new transit funding mechanism is to be welcomed. Value capture (VC) is one such mechanism, which involves the identification and capture of a public infrastructure-led increase in property value. This book reviews four major VC mechanisms: joint development projects; special assessment districts; impact fees; and tax increment financing; all of which are used to fund transit in the United States. Through the study of prominent examples of these VC mechanisms from across the US, this book evaluates their performance focusing on aspects such as equity, revenue-generating potential, stakeholder support, and the legal and policy environment. It also conducts a comparative assessment of VC mechanisms to help policy makers and practitioners to choose one, or a combination of VC mechanisms. Although the book focuses on the US, the use of the VC mechanisms and the urgent need for additional revenue to fund public transportation are world-wide concerns. Therefore, an overview of the VC mechanisms in use internationally is also provided.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : City planning
ISBN : UOM:39015024897681

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Regulatory Barriers to Affordable Housing by Anonim Pdf

Author : David Adams,Steven Tiesdell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9780415497961

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Shaping Places by David Adams,Steven Tiesdell Pdf

Shaping Places explains how towns and cities can turn real estate development to their advantage to create the kind of places where people want to live, work, relax and invest. It contends that the production of quality places which enhance economic prosperity, social cohesion and environmental sustainability require a transformation of market outcomes. The core of the book explores why this is essential, and how it can be delivered, by linking a clear vision for the future with the necessary means to achieve it. Crucially, the book argues that public authorities should seek to shape, regulate and stimulate real estate development so that developers, landowners and funders see real benefit in creating better places. Key to this is seeing planners as market actors, whose potential to shape the built environment depends on their capacity to understand and transform the embedded attitudes and practices of other market actors. This requires planners to be skilled in understanding the political economy of real estate development and successful in changing its outcomes through smart intervention. Drawing on a strong theoretical framework, the book reveals how the future of places will come to be shaped through constant interaction between State and market power. Filled with international examples, essential case studies, color diagrams and photographs, this is essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students taking planning, property, real estate or urban design courses as well as for social science students more widely who wish to know how the shaping of place really occurs.

Author : Katrin B. Anacker,Andrew T. Carswell,Sarah D. Kirby,Kenneth R. Tremblay
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2018-06-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780820349695

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Introduction to Housing by Katrin B. Anacker,Andrew T. Carswell,Sarah D. Kirby,Kenneth R. Tremblay Pdf

This foundational text for understanding housing, housing design, homeownership, housing policy, special topics in housing, and housing in a global context has been comprehensively revised to reflect the changed housing situation in the United States during and after the Great Recession and its subsequent movements toward recovery. The book focuses on the complexities of housing and housing-related issues, engendering an understanding of housing, its relationship to national economic factors, and housing policies. It comprises individual chapters written by housing experts who have specialization within the discipline or field, offering commentary on the physical, social, psychological, economic, and policy issues that affect the current housing landscape in the United States and abroad, while proposing solutions to its challenges.

Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee for a Study on Federal Funding of Transportation Improvements in Base Realignment and Closure Cases
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : History
ISBN : 9780309160810

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Federal Funding of Transportation Improvements in BRAC Cases by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee for a Study on Federal Funding of Transportation Improvements in Base Realignment and Closure Cases Pdf

"TRB Special Report 302: Federal Funding of Transportation Improvements in BRAC Cases explores federal funding of transportation improvements in Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission (BRAC) cases. The committee that produced the report concluded that traffic delays resulting from the BRAC decisions and short timeline for implementing the decisions will impose substantial costs on surrounding communities and may even be harmful to the military.

Author : Shane Phillips
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781642831337

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The Affordable City by Shane Phillips Pdf

From Los Angeles to Boston and Chicago to Miami, US cities are struggling to address the twin crises of high housing costs and household instability. Debates over the appropriate course of action have been defined by two poles: building more housing or enacting stronger tenant protections. These options are often treated as mutually exclusive, with support for one implying opposition to the other. Shane Phillips believes that effectively tackling the housing crisis requires that cities support both tenant protections and housing abundance. He offers readers more than 50 policy recommendations, beginning with a set of principles and general recommendations that should apply to all housing policy. The remaining recommendations are organized by what he calls the Three S’s of Supply, Stability, and Subsidy. Phillips makes a moral and economic case for why each is essential and recommendations for making them work together. There is no single solution to the housing crisis—it will require a comprehensive approach backed by strong, diverse coalitions. The Affordable City is an essential tool for professionals and advocates working to improve affordability and increase community resilience through local action.

Author : Tony Crook,John Henneberry,Christine Whitehead
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2016-01-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781118219812

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Planning Gain by Tony Crook,John Henneberry,Christine Whitehead Pdf

Winner of the Royal Town Planning Institute award for research excellence This critical examination of the development and implementation of planning gain is timely given recent changes to the economic and policy environment. The book looks both at the British context as well as experience in other developed economies and takes stock of how the policy has evolved. It examines the rationale for planning gain, how it has delivered substantial funds for infrastructure and affordable housing and, in the light of this, how it might continue to play a role in the funding of these. It also draws on overseas experience, for example on impact fees and public sector land assembly. It looks at lessons from the past for future policy, both for Britain and for countries overseas. Mechanisms to tap development value are also a global phenomenon in developed market economies - whether through formal taxation or negotiated contributions. As fiscal austerity becomes an increasingly challenging issue, ‘planning gain’ has grown in importance as a potential source of funding for infrastructure and new affordable housing, with many countries keen to examine, learn from, and adapt the experience of others. a critical commentary of planning gain as a policy timely post credit crunch analysis addresses recent planning policy changes