A History Of Hygiene In Modern France

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A History of Hygiene in Modern France

Steven Zdatny
A History of Hygiene in Modern France Book PDF

Author : Steven Zdatny
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2024-03-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350428713

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A History of Hygiene in Modern France by Steven Zdatny Pdf

This book tells the story of an epochal change in the human condition that was part of what is often thought of as 'modernization' -a process that remade culture and society in France in the 19th and 20th centuries. Hygiene, Steven Zdatny convincingly contends, was that change. He reflects on how the development of hygiene: changed the way people thought about and treated their bodies; put an end to age-old afflictions and brought comfort where discomfort had been the unavoidable companion of existence; and helped produce a tripling of life expectancy. The book considers how the evolution of hygiene produced a society where people washed often, changed their clothes every day, lived without lice and scabies, and performed their natural functions indoors. It reflects on developments in industrial plumbing, public education, government investment, the invention of new products to keep bodies and homes clean, and a parallel makeover in the expectations, sensibilities, and practices about what is 'proper' and what is disgusting. These developments, the study reveals, were not steady and did not happen everywhere at the same pace. But in the fullness of time, they produced a revolution in the human condition.

A History of Hygiene in Modern France

Steven Zdatny
A History of Hygiene in Modern France Book PDF

Author : Steven Zdatny
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2024-03-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350428706

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A History of Hygiene in Modern France by Steven Zdatny Pdf

This book tells the story of an epochal change in the human condition that was part of what is often thought of as 'modernization' -a process that remade culture and society in France in the 19th and 20th centuries. Hygiene, Steven Zdatny convincingly contends, was that change. He reflects on how the development of hygiene: changed the way people thought about and treated their bodies; put an end to age-old afflictions and brought comfort where discomfort had been the unavoidable companion of existence; and helped produce a tripling of life expectancy. The book considers how the evolution of hygiene produced a society where people washed often, changed their clothes every day, lived without lice and scabies, and performed their natural functions indoors. It reflects on developments in industrial plumbing, public education, government investment, the invention of new products to keep bodies and homes clean, and a parallel makeover in the expectations, sensibilities, and practices about what is 'proper' and what is disgusting. These developments, the study reveals, were not steady and did not happen everywhere at the same pace. But in the fullness of time, they produced a revolution in the human condition.

Concepts of Cleanliness

Georges Vigarello
Concepts of Cleanliness Book PDF

Author : Georges Vigarello
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2008-10-30
Category : History
ISBN : 0521088887

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Concepts of Cleanliness by Georges Vigarello Pdf

This lucid and imaginative study uses the French experience to examine one fundamental aspect of the 'civilizing process': the way in which, over the past millennium, attitudes to and perceptions of human cleanliness, health and hygiene have changed, as have the moral properties attributed to the human body. Such changes are clearly manifest in the history of bathing, and Professor Vigarello demonstrates that the use of water for cleanliness has been by no means constant since the Middle Ages: the medieval ideal of visible purity (effectively meaning face and hands only) was replaced by modern notions of hygiene, which in turn reflected the growing concern for personal privacy. Clothes, in particular linen, assumed major importance in the creation of a new physical space for cleanliness; and scientific, bourgeois concepts of 'vigour' and bodily health, related to personal hygiene, gradually transformed the superficial aristocratic purity of earlier generations.

The Clean Body

Peter Ward
The Clean Body Book PDF

Author : Peter Ward
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780228000624

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The Clean Body by Peter Ward Pdf

How often did our ancestors bathe? How often did they wash their clothes and change them? What did they understand cleanliness to be? Why have our hygienic habits changed so dramatically over time? In short, how have we come to be so clean? The Clean Body explores one of the most fundamental and pervasive cultural changes in Western history since the seventeenth century: the personal hygiene revolution. In the age of Louis XIV bathing was rare and hygiene was mainly a matter of wearing clean underclothes. By the late twentieth century frequent – often daily – bathing had become the norm and wearing freshly laundered clothing the general practice. Cleanliness, once simply a requirement for good health, became an essential element of beauty. Beneath this transformation lay a sea change in understandings, motives, ideologies, technologies, and practices, all of which shaped popular habits over time. Peter Ward explains that what began as an urban bourgeois phenomenon in the later eighteenth century became a universal condition by the end of the twentieth, touching young and old, rich and poor, city dwellers and country residents alike. Based on a wealth of sources in English, French, German, and Italian, The Clean Body surveys the great hygienic transformation that took place across Europe and North America over the course of four centuries.

Bodily and Spiritual Hygiene in Medieval and Early Modern Literature

Albrecht Classen
Bodily and Spiritual Hygiene in Medieval and Early Modern Literature Book PDF

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 614 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017-03-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110523386

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Bodily and Spiritual Hygiene in Medieval and Early Modern Literature by Albrecht Classen Pdf

While most people today take hygiene and medicine for granted, they both have had their own history. We can gain deep insights into the pre-modern world by studying its health-care system, its approaches to medicine, and concept of hygiene. Already the early Middle Ages witnessed great interest in bathing (hot and cold), swimming, and good personal hygiene. Medical activities grew over time, but even early medieval monks were already great experts in treating the sick. The contributions examine literary, medical, historical texts and images and probe the information we can glean from them. The interdisciplinary approach of this volume makes it possible to view this large field in a complex and diversified manner, taking into account both early medieval and early modern treatises on medicine, water, bathing, and health. Such a cultural-historical perspective creates a most valuable bridge connecting literary and scientific documents under the umbrella of the history of mentality and history of everyday life. The volume does not aim at idealizing the past, but it definitely intends to deconstruct modern myths about the 'dirty' and 'unhealthy' Middle Ages and early modern age.

The Great Nation in Decline

Sean M. Quinlan
The Great Nation in Decline Book PDF

Author : Sean M. Quinlan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317029885

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The Great Nation in Decline by Sean M. Quinlan Pdf

This book studies how doctors responded to - and helped shape - deep-seated fears about nervous degeneracy and population decline in France between 1750 and 1850. It uncovers a rich and far-ranging medical debate in which four generations of hygiene activists used biomedical science to transform the self, sexuality and community in order to regenerate a sick and decaying nation; a programme doctors labelled 'physical and moral hygiene'. Moreover, it is shown how doctors imparted biomedical ideas and language that allowed lay people to make sense of often bewildering socio-political changes, thereby giving them a sense of agency and control over these events. Combining a chronological and thematic approach, the six chapters in this book trace how doctors began their medical crusade during the middle of the Enlightenment, how this activism flowered during the French Revolution, and how they then revised their views during the period of post-revolutionary reaction. The study concludes by arguing that medicine acquired an unprecedented political, social and cultural position in French society, with doctors becoming the primary spokesmen for bourgeois values, and thus helped to define the new world that emerged from the post-revolutionary period.

Clean

Virginia Smith
Clean Book PDF

Author : Virginia Smith
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2008-07-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780191579936

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Clean by Virginia Smith Pdf

Why do we still have nits? What exactly are 'purity rules'? And why have baths scarcely changed in 200 years? The long history of personal hygiene and purity is a fascinating subject that reveals how closely we are linked to our deeper past. In this pioneering book, Virginia Smith covers the global history of human body-care from the Neolithic to the present, using first-hand accounts and sources. From pre-historic grooming rituals to New Age medicine, from ascetics to cosmetics, Smith looks at how different cultures have interpreted and striven for personal cleanliness and shows how, throughout history, this striving for purity has brought great social benefits as well as great tragedies. It is probably safe to say that no-one who reads this book will look at his or her body (or bathroom) in quite the same way again.

Ideals of the Body

Sun-Young Park
Ideals of the Body Book PDF

Author : Sun-Young Park
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-27
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9780822986065

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Ideals of the Body by Sun-Young Park Pdf

Modern hygienic urbanism originated in the airy boulevards, public parks, and sewer system that transformed the Parisian cityscape in the mid-nineteenth century. Yet these well-known developments in public health built on a previous moment of anxiety about the hygiene of modern city dwellers. Amid fears of national decline that accompanied the collapse of the Napoleonic Empire, efforts to modernize Paris between 1800 and 1850 focused not on grand and comprehensive structural reforms, but rather on improving the bodily and mental fitness of the individual citizen. These forgotten efforts to renew and reform the physical and moral health of the urban subject found expression in the built environment of the city—in the gymnasiums, swimming pools, and green spaces of private and public institutions, from the pedagogical to the recreational. Sun-Young Park reveals how these anxieties about health and social order, which manifested in emerging ideals of the body, created a uniquely spatial and urban experience of modernity in the postrevolutionary capital, one profoundly impacted by hygiene, mobility, productivity, leisure, spectacle, and technology.

Fast Cars, Clean Bodies

Kristin Ross
Fast Cars Clean Bodies Book PDF

Author : Kristin Ross
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1996-02-28
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 0262680912

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Fast Cars, Clean Bodies by Kristin Ross Pdf

Fast Cars, Clean Bodies examines the crucial decade from Dien Bien Phu to the mid-1960s when France shifted rapidly from an agrarian, insular, and empire-oriented society to a decolonized, Americanized, and fully industrial one. In this analysis of a startling cultural transformation Kristin Ross finds the contradictions of the period embedded in its various commodities and cultural artifacts—automobiles, washing machines, women's magazines, film, popular fiction, even structuralism—as well as in the practices that shape, determine, and delimit their uses. In each of the book's four chapters, a central object of mythical image is refracted across a range of discursive and material spaces: social and private, textual and cinematic, national and international. The automobile, the new cult of cleanliness in the capital and the colonies, the waning of Sartre and de Beauvoir as the couple of national attention, and the emergence of reshaped, functionalist masculinities (revolutionary, corporate, and structural) become the key elements in this prehistory of postmodernism in France. Modernization ideology, Ross argues, offered the promise of limitless, even timeless, development. By situating the rise of "end of history" ideologies within the context of France's transition into mass culture and consumption, Ross returns the touted timelessness of modernization to history. She shows how the realist fiction and film of the period, as well as the work of social theorists such as Barthes, Lefebvre, and Morin who began at the time to conceptualize "everyday life," laid bare the disruptions and the social costs of events. And she argues that the logic of the racism prevalent in France today, focused on the figure of the immigrant worker, is itself the outcome of the French state's embrace of capitalist modernization ideology in the 1950s and 1960s.

A Social Laboratory for Modern France

Janet Regina Horne
A Social Laboratory for Modern France Book PDF

Author : Janet Regina Horne
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2002-01-11
Category : History
ISBN : 0822327929

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A Social Laboratory for Modern France by Janet Regina Horne Pdf

DIVDocuments the early days of the French welfare state through the Musée Social, an early think tank./div

Education, Culture and Politics in Modern France

W. D. Halls
Education Culture and Politics in Modern France Book PDF

Author : W. D. Halls
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-18
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781483137643

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Education, Culture and Politics in Modern France by W. D. Halls Pdf

Education, Culture and Politics in Modern France is concerned with the interrelationships among educational theory and practice, culture, and politics in France, with emphasis on the process of educational change during the first fifteen years of the Fifth Republic. This book presents a contemporary history of education in France and examines the debate about its schools and universities, as well as some of the underlying factors that account for the passion of the argument. This monograph argues that a new view of culture—defined as all the artefacts of men, whether these be material objects or their thoughts, ideas, beliefs and opinions—has enlarged the narrower, more literary concept that has swayed French education for 170 years. The discussions are organized around historical and cultural aspects; administration, finance and planning; schools, teachers, and society; and the politics of education. Government policies and school administration in France are analyzed, together with planning and budgeting for education; social factors in schooling; and the reform of higher education. Politics and education from 1958 to 1968 and since 1968 are also discussed. This text will be a useful resource for educators, politicians, sociologists, and political scientists as well as policymakers in the fields of education, culture, and politics.

Sweet and Clean?

Susan North
Sweet and Clean Book PDF

Author : Susan North
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-03-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780198856139

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Sweet and Clean? by Susan North Pdf

Sweet and Clean? challenges the widely held beliefs on bathing and cleanliness in the past. For over thirty years, the work of the French historian, George Vigarello, has been hugely influential on early modern European social history, describing an aversion to water and bathing, and the use of linen underwear as the sole cleaning agent for the body. However, these concepts do not apply to early modern England. Sweet and Clean? analyses etiquette and medical literature, revealing repeated recommendations to wash or bathe in order to clean the skin. Clean linen was essential for propriety but advice from medical experts was contradictory. Many doctors were convinced that it prevented the spread of contagious diseases, but others recommended flannel for undergarments, and a few thought changing a fever patient's linens was dangerous. The methodology of material culture helps determine if and how this advice was practiced. Evidence from inventories, household accounts and manuals, and surviving linen garments tracks underwear through its life-cycle of production, making, wearing, laundering, and final recycling. Although the material culture of washing bodies is much sparser, other sources, such as the Old Bailey records, paint a more accurate picture of cleanliness in early modern England than has been previously described. The contrasting analyses of linen and bodies reveal what histories material culture best serves. Finally, what of the diseases-plague, smallpox, and typhus-that cleanliness of body and clothes were thought to prevent? Did following early modern medical advice protect people from these illnesses?

The Dirt on Clean

Katherine Ashenburg
The Dirt on Clean Book PDF

Author : Katherine Ashenburg
Publisher : Vintage Canada
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2010-05-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9780307368362

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The Dirt on Clean by Katherine Ashenburg Pdf

For the first-century Roman, being clean meant a public two-hour soak in baths of various temperatures, a scraping of the body with a miniature rake, and a final application of oil. For the seventeenth-century aristocratic Frenchman, it meant changing his shirt once a day, using perfume to obliterate both his own aroma and everyone else’s, but never immersing himself in – horrors! – water. By the early 1900s, an extraordinary idea took hold in North America – that frequent bathing, perhaps even a daily bath, was advisable. Not since the Roman Empire had people been so clean, and standards became even more extreme as the millennium approached. Now we live in a deodorized world where germophobes shake hands with their elbows and where sales of hand sanitizers, wipes and sprays are skyrocketing. The apparently routine task of taking up soap and water (or not) is Katherine Ashenburg’s starting point for a unique exploration of Western culture, which yields surprising insights into our notions of privacy, health, individuality, religion and sexuality. Ashenburg searches for clean and dirty in plague-ridden streets, medieval steam baths, castles and tenements, and in bathrooms of every description. She reveals the bizarre rescriptions of history’s doctors as well as the hygienic peccadilloes of kings, mistresses, monks and ordinary citizens, and guides us through the twists and turns to our own understanding of clean, which is no more rational than the rest. Filled with amusing anecdotes and quotations from the great bathers of history, The Dirt on Clean takes us on a journey that is by turns intriguing, humorous, startling and not always for the squeamish. Ashenburg’s tour of history’s baths and bathrooms reveals much about our changing and most intimate selves – what we desire, what we ignore, what we fear, and a significant part of who we are.

Evolution of Preventive Medicine (Routledge Revivals)

Sir Arthur Newsholme
Evolution of Preventive Medicine Routledge Revivals Book PDF

Author : Sir Arthur Newsholme
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-03
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781317442998

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Evolution of Preventive Medicine (Routledge Revivals) by Sir Arthur Newsholme Pdf

First published in 1927, this book provides a complete study of the beginnings and early development of preventive medicine. It looks at the subject’s underlying principles and discusses the prominent writers of the past. Topics cover infection, plague, science and medicine, poverty and preventive medicine and the prevention of cholera, amongst others.

The History of Public Health and the Modern State

Anonim
The History of Public Health and the Modern State Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 447 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789004418363

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The History of Public Health and the Modern State by Anonim Pdf

The book focuses on whether the construction of a public health system is an inherent characteristic of the managerial function of modern political systems. Thus, each essay traces the steps leading to the growth of health government in various nations, examining the specific conflicts and contradictions which each incurred.