A Natural History Of Human Thinking

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A Natural History of Human Thinking

Michael Tomasello
A Natural History of Human Thinking Book PDF

Author : Michael Tomasello
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2018-04-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674986831

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A Natural History of Human Thinking by Michael Tomasello Pdf

Tool-making or culture, language or religious belief: ever since Darwin, thinkers have struggled to identify what fundamentally differentiates human beings from other animals. Michael Tomasello weaves his twenty years of comparative studies of humans and great apes into a compelling argument that cooperative social interaction is the key to our cognitive uniqueness. Tomasello maintains that our prehuman ancestors, like today's great apes, were social beings who could solve problems by thinking. But they were almost entirely competitive, aiming only at their individual goals. As ecological changes forced them into more cooperative living arrangements, early humans had to coordinate their actions and communicate their thoughts with collaborative partners. Tomasello's "shared intentionality hypothesis" captures how these more socially complex forms of life led to more conceptually complex forms of thinking. In order to survive, humans had to learn to see the world from multiple social perspectives, to draw socially recursive inferences, and to monitor their own thinking via the normative standards of the group. Even language and culture arose from the preexisting need to work together and coordinate thoughts. A Natural History of Human Thinking is the most detailed scientific analysis to date of the connection between human sociality and cognition.

A Natural History of Human Thinking

Michael Tomasello
A Natural History of Human Thinking Book PDF

Author : Michael Tomasello
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2014-02-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674727564

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A Natural History of Human Thinking by Michael Tomasello Pdf

A Wall Street Journal Favorite Read of the Year A Guardian Top Science Book of the Year Tool-making or culture, language or religious belief: ever since Darwin, thinkers have struggled to identify what fundamentally differentiates human beings from other animals. In this much-anticipated book, Michael Tomasello weaves his twenty years of comparative studies of humans and great apes into a compelling argument that cooperative social interaction is the key to our cognitive uniqueness. Once our ancestors learned to put their heads together with others to pursue shared goals, humankind was on an evolutionary path all its own. “Michael Tomasello is one of the few psychologists to have conducted intensive research on both human children and chimpanzees, and A Natural History of Human Thinking reflects not only the insights enabled by such cross-species comparisons but also the wisdom of a researcher who appreciates the need for asking questions whose answers generate biological insight. His book helps us to understand the differences, as well as the similarities, between human brains and other brains.” —David P. Barash, Wall Street Journal

A Natural History of Human Thinking

Michael Tomasello
A Natural History of Human Thinking Book PDF

Author : Michael Tomasello
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-02-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674726369

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A Natural History of Human Thinking by Michael Tomasello Pdf

Tool-making or culture, language or religious belief: ever since Darwin, thinkers have struggled to identify what fundamentally differentiates human beings from other animals. Michael Tomasello weaves his twenty years of comparative studies of humans and great apes into a compelling argument that cooperative social interaction is the key to our cognitive uniqueness. Tomasello maintains that our prehuman ancestors, like today's great apes, were social beings who could solve problems by thinking. But they were almost entirely competitive, aiming only at their individual goals. As ecological changes forced them into more cooperative living arrangements, early humans had to coordinate their actions and communicate their thoughts with collaborative partners. Tomasello's "shared intentionality hypothesis" captures how these more socially complex forms of life led to more conceptually complex forms of thinking. In order to survive, humans had to learn to see the world from multiple social perspectives, to draw socially recursive inferences, and to monitor their own thinking via the normative standards of the group. Even language and culture arose from the preexisting need to work together and coordinate thoughts. A Natural History of Human Thinking is the most detailed scientific analysis to date of the connection between human sociality and cognition.

Becoming Human

Michael Tomasello
Becoming Human Book PDF

Author : Michael Tomasello
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2019-01-07
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674980853

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Becoming Human by Michael Tomasello Pdf

Winner of the William James Book Award “Magisterial...Makes an impressive argument that most distinctly human traits are established early in childhood and that the general chronology in which these traits appear can at least—and at last—be identified.” —Wall Street Journal “Theoretically daring and experimentally ingenious, Becoming Human squarely tackles the abiding question of what makes us human.” —Susan Gelman, University of Michigan Virtually all theories of how humans have become such a distinctive species focus on evolution. Becoming Human proposes a complementary theory of human uniqueness, focused on development. Building on the seminal ideas of Vygotsky, it explains how those things that make us most human are constructed during the first years of a child’s life. In this groundbreaking work, Michael Tomasello draws from three decades of experimental research with chimpanzees, bonobos, and children to propose a new framework for psychological growth between birth and seven years of age. He identifies eight pathways that differentiate humans from their primate relatives: social cognition, communication, cultural learning, cooperative thinking, collaboration, prosociality, social norms, and moral identity. In each of these, great apes possess rudimentary abilities, but the maturation of humans’ evolved capacities for shared intentionality transform these abilities into uniquely human cognition and sociality.

A Natural History of Human Morality

Michael Tomasello
A Natural History of Human Morality Book PDF

Author : Michael Tomasello
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2016-01-04
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674915879

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A Natural History of Human Morality by Michael Tomasello Pdf

Michael Tomasello offers the most detailed account to date of the evolution of human moral psychology. Based on experimental data comparing great apes and human children, he reconstructs two key evolutionary steps whereby early humans gradually became an ultra-cooperative and, eventually, a moral species capable of acting as a plural agent “we”.

The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition

Michael TOMASELLO
The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition Book PDF

Author : Michael TOMASELLO
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2009-07-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674660328

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The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition by Michael TOMASELLO Pdf

Bridging the gap between evolutionary theory and cultural psychology, Michael Tomasello argues that the roots of the human capacity for symbol-based culture are based in a cluster of uniquely human cognitive capacities. These include capacities for understanding that others have intentions of their own, and for imitating, not just what someone else does, but what someone else has intended to do. Tomasello further describes with authority and ingenuity how these capacities work over evolutionary and historical time to create the kind of cultural artifacts and settings within which each new generation of children develops.

Thinking Big: How the Evolution of Social Life Shaped the Human Mind

Robin Dunbar,Clive Gamble,John Gowlett
Thinking Big How the Evolution of Social Life Shaped the Human Mind Book PDF

Author : Robin Dunbar,Clive Gamble,John Gowlett
Publisher : Thames & Hudson
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9780500772140

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Thinking Big: How the Evolution of Social Life Shaped the Human Mind by Robin Dunbar,Clive Gamble,John Gowlett Pdf

A closer look at genealogy, incorporating how biological, anthropological, and technical factors can influence human lives We are at a pivotal moment in understanding our remote ancestry and its implications for how we live today. The barriers to what we can know about our distant relatives have been falling as a result of scientific advance, such as decoding the genomes of humans and Neanderthals, and bringing together different perspectives to answer common questions. These collaborations have brought new knowledge and suggested fresh concepts to examine. The results have shaken the old certainties. The results are profound; not just for the study of the past but for appreciating why we conduct our social lives in ways, and at scales, that are familiar to all of us. But such basic familiarity raises a dilemma. When surrounded by the myriad technical and cultural innovations that support our global, urbanized lifestyles we can lose sight of the small social worlds we actually inhabit and that can be traced deep into our ancestry. So why do we need art, religion, music, kinship, myths, and all the other facets of our over-active imaginations if the reality of our effective social worlds is set by a limit of some one hundred and fifty partners (Dunbar’s number) made of family, friends, and useful acquaintances? How could such a social community lead to a city the size of London or a country as large as China? Do we really carry our hominin past into our human present? It is these small worlds, and the link they allow to the study of the past that forms the central point in this book.

A Natural History of Rape

Randy Thornhill,Craig T. Palmer
A Natural History of Rape Book PDF

Author : Randy Thornhill,Craig T. Palmer
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2001-02-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0262700832

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A Natural History of Rape by Randy Thornhill,Craig T. Palmer Pdf

A biologist and an anthropologist use evolutionary biology to explain the causes and inform the prevention of rape. In this controversial book, Randy Thornhill and Craig Palmer use evolutionary biology to explain the causes of rape and to recommend new approaches to its prevention. According to Thornhill and Palmer, evolved adaptation of some sort gives rise to rape; the main evolutionary question is whether rape is an adaptation itself or a by-product of other adaptations. Regardless of the answer, Thornhill and Palmer note, rape circumvents a central feature of women's reproductive strategy: mate choice. This is a primary reason why rape is devastating to its victims, especially young women. Thornhill and Palmer address, and claim to demolish scientifically, many myths about rape bred by social science theory over the past twenty-five years. The popular contention that rapists are not motivated by sexual desire is, they argue, scientifically inaccurate. Although they argue that rape is biological, Thornhill and Palmer do not view it as inevitable. Their recommendations for rape prevention include teaching young males not to rape, punishing rape more severely, and studying the effectiveness of "chemical castration." They also recommend that young women consider the biological causes of rape when making decisions about dress, appearance, and social activities. Rape could cease to exist, they argue, only in a society knowledgeable about its evolutionary causes. The book includes a useful summary of evolutionary theory and a comparison of evolutionary biology's and social science's explanations of human behavior. The authors argue for the greater explanatory power and practical usefulness of evolutionary biology. The book is sure to stir up discussion both on the specific topic of rape and on the larger issues of how we understand and influence human behavior.

Wired for Culture: Origins of the Human Social Mind

Mark Pagel
Wired for Culture Origins of the Human Social Mind Book PDF

Author : Mark Pagel
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-02-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780393063158

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Wired for Culture: Origins of the Human Social Mind by Mark Pagel Pdf

“Does an excellent job of using evolutionary biology to discuss the origins of religion, music, art, and . . . morality.”—Publishers Weekly, starred review A unique trait of the human species is that our personalities, lifestyles, and worldviews are shaped by an accident of birth—namely, the culture into which we are born. It is our cultures and not our genes that determine which foods we eat, which languages we speak, which people we love and marry, and which people we kill in war. But how did our species develop a mind that is hardwired for culture—and why? Evolutionary biologist Mark Pagel tracks this intriguing question through the last 80,000 years of human evolution, revealing how an innate propensity to contribute and conform to the culture of our birth not only enabled human survival and progress in the past but also continues to influence our behavior today. Shedding light on our species’ defining attributes—from art, morality, and altruism to self-interest, deception, and prejudice—Wired for Culture offers surprising new insights into what it means to be human.

Natural History

Justina Robson
Natural History Book PDF

Author : Justina Robson
Publisher : Spectra
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2004-12-28
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9780553901184

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Natural History by Justina Robson Pdf

A daring and original new novel from one of sci fi’s most provocative voices, Natural History is a stunning work of bold ideas, unforgettable characters, and epic adventure as one woman seeks to explore what may be the greatest mystery of all. . . . “Idiosyncratic and unpredictable . . . a novelist of real vision.”—Zadie Smith, author of White Teeth Half-human, half-machine, Voyager Isol was as beautiful as a coiled scorpion–and just as dangerous. Her claim that she’d found a distant but habitable earthlike planet was welcome news to the rest of the Forged. But it could mean the end of what was left of the humanity who’d created and once enslaved them. It was on behalf of the “unevolved” humans that Professor Zephyr Duquesne, cultural archaeologist and historian of Earth’s lost worlds, was chosen by the Gaiasol military authority to uncover the truth about this second “earth.” And her voyage, traveling inside the body of Isol, will take her to the center of a storm exploding across a spectrum of space and time, dimension and consciousness. On an abandoned planet, in a wrinkle of time, Isol and Zephyr will find a gift and a curse: a power so vast that once unlocked, it will change the universe forever. With civil war looming, Zephyr’s perilous journey will lead her to a past where one civilization mysteriously vanished . . . and another may soon follow. “[Robson’s] strongest novel yet, reminiscent of Moorcock, Banks, M. John Harrison, and MacLeod . . . and should assure her position as being one of the most exciting genre writers at this present time.”—SFRevu

How the Mind Changed

Joseph Jebelli
How the Mind Changed Book PDF

Author : Joseph Jebelli
Publisher : Little, Brown Spark
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2022-07-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780316424974

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How the Mind Changed by Joseph Jebelli Pdf

The extraordinary story of how the human brain evolved… and is still evolving. We’ve come a long way. The earliest human had a brain as small as a child’s fist; ours are four times bigger, with spectacular abilities and potential we are only just beginning to understand. This is How the Mind Changed, a seven-million-year journey through our own heads, packed with vivid stories, groundbreaking science, and thrilling surprises. Discover how memory has almost nothing to do with the past; meditation rewires our synapses; magic mushroom use might be responsible for our intelligence; climate accounts for linguistic diversity; and how autism teaches us hugely positive lessons about our past and future. Dr. Joseph Jebelli’s In Pursuit of Memory was shortlisted for the Royal Society Science Book Prize and longlisted for the Wellcome. In this, his eagerly awaited second book, he draws on deep insights from neuroscience, evolutionary biology, psychology, and philosophy to guide us through the unexpected changes that shaped our brains. From genetic accidents and environmental forces to historical and cultural advances, he explores how our brain’s evolution turned us into Homo sapiens and beyond. A single mutation is all it takes.

A Natural History of Dragons

Marie Brennan
A Natural History of Dragons Book PDF

Author : Marie Brennan
Publisher : Macmillan
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2013-02-05
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9781429956314

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A Natural History of Dragons by Marie Brennan Pdf

Marie Brennan begins a thrilling new fantasy series in A Natural History of Dragons, combining adventure with the inquisitive spirit of the Victorian Age. You, dear reader, continue at your own risk. It is not for the faint of heart—no more so than the study of dragons itself. But such study offers rewards beyond compare: to stand in a dragon's presence, even for the briefest of moments—even at the risk of one's life—is a delight that, once experienced, can never be forgotten. . . . All the world, from Scirland to the farthest reaches of Eriga, know Isabella, Lady Trent, to be the world's preeminent dragon naturalist. She is the remarkable woman who brought the study of dragons out of the misty shadows of myth and misunderstanding into the clear light of modern science. But before she became the illustrious figure we know today, there was a bookish young woman whose passion for learning, natural history, and, yes, dragons defied the stifling conventions of her day. Here at last, in her own words, is the true story of a pioneering spirit who risked her reputation, her prospects, and her fragile flesh and bone to satisfy her scientific curiosity; of how she sought true love and happiness despite her lamentable eccentricities; and of her thrilling expedition to the perilous mountains of Vystrana, where she made the first of many historic discoveries that would change the world forever. "Saturated with the joy and urgency of discovery and scientific curiosity."—Publishers Weekly (starred review) on A Natural History of Dragons An NPR Best Book of 2013 The Lady Trent Memoirs 1. A Natural History of Dragons 2. The Tropic of Serpents 3. Voyage of the Basilisk 4. In the Labyrinth of Drakes 5. Within the Sanctuary of Wings At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

Cannibalism

Bill Schutt
Cannibalism Book PDF

Author : Bill Schutt
Publisher : Algonquin Books
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2018-01-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781616207434

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Cannibalism by Bill Schutt Pdf

“Surprising. Impressive. Cannibalism restores my faith in humanity.” —Sy Montgomery, The New York Times Book Review For centuries scientists have written off cannibalism as a bizarre phenomenon with little biological significance. Its presence in nature was dismissed as a desperate response to starvation or other life-threatening circumstances, and few spent time studying it. A taboo subject in our culture, the behavior was portrayed mostly through horror movies or tabloids sensationalizing the crimes of real-life flesh-eaters. But the true nature of cannibalism--the role it plays in evolution as well as human history--is even more intriguing (and more normal) than the misconceptions we’ve come to accept as fact. In Cannibalism: A Perfectly Natural History,zoologist Bill Schutt sets the record straight, debunking common myths and investigating our new understanding of cannibalism’s role in biology, anthropology, and history in the most fascinating account yet written on this complex topic. Schutt takes readers from Arizona’s Chiricahua Mountains, where he wades through ponds full of tadpoles devouring their siblings, to the Sierra Nevadas, where he joins researchers who are shedding new light on what happened to the Donner Party--the most infamous episode of cannibalism in American history. He even meets with an expert on the preparation and consumption of human placenta (and, yes, it goes well with Chianti). Bringing together the latest cutting-edge science, Schutt answers questions such as why some amphibians consume their mother’s skin; why certain insects bite the heads off their partners after sex; why, up until the end of the twentieth century, Europeans regularly ate human body parts as medical curatives; and how cannibalism might be linked to the extinction of the Neanderthals. He takes us into the future as well, investigating whether, as climate change causes famine, disease, and overcrowding, we may see more outbreaks of cannibalism in many more species--including our own. Cannibalism places a perfectly natural occurrence into a vital new context and invites us to explore why it both enthralls and repels us.

Thinking Without Words

José Luis Bermúdez
Thinking Without Words Book PDF

Author : José Luis Bermúdez
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780195341607

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Thinking Without Words by José Luis Bermúdez Pdf

First Oxford University Press pbk edition.

Management by Design

Daniel W. Rasmus
Management by Design Book PDF

Author : Daniel W. Rasmus
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2010-10-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780470922064

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Management by Design by Daniel W. Rasmus Pdf

A revealing look at work environments that lead to greater loyalty and an increase in productivity Exploring the premise that the best way to attract and retain people, and their knowledge, will come from designing environments that turn today's increasingly virtual workplace into an attractive place for people to spend their time, Management by Design: Applying Design Principles to the Work Experience shows how the principles of design can be successfully applies to the work experience, making it a rewarding and productive. Reveals why the application of design to the workplace experience can improve the employee/employer relationship Why increased morale and employee loyalty start with a great work environment Explains why it is more important than ever to manage work experiences, especially with the projected work shortages in the coming decades Other titles by Rasmus: Listening to the Future: Why It's Everybody's Business This innovative book helps managers and executives connect the dots between employee retention, positive brand expression, and lasting stories that reflect well on an organization.