A Need To Know The Role Of Air Force Reconnaissance In War Planning 1945 1953

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:227913087

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A Need to Know: The Role of Air Force Reconnaissance in War Planning, 1945-1953 by Anonim Pdf

On 1 April 2001, a U.S. Navy EP-3 Aries II surveillance aircraft collided with a People's Liberation Army Air Force J-8 fighter plane that resulted in the loss of the Chinese pilot and an emergency landing on Hainan Island by the Navy plane. The Chinese government's 11-day internment of the Navy flight crew shocked and amazed the American public. The ensuing diplomatic crisis and war of words reminded many of similar incidents from the supposedly defunct Cold War. It also focused world attention upon a still little known but highly significant aspect of the Cold War -- strategic aerial reconnaissance. The term refers to the use of aircraft to collect strategic intelligence using photographic or electronic means. According to the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), strategic intelligence refers to intelligence that is required for the formation of policy and military plans at national and international levels. Strategic intelligence includes information provided by sources other than aircraft, including naval vessels, ground communications intercept sites, satellites, published literature, defectors, and spies. But because Air Force aircraft provided the bulk of information used by American war plans from 1945 to 1953, this book focuses on the origins of the USAF strategic aerial reconnaissance. Although official JCS publications did not specifically list strategic aerial reconnaissance, the term may be defined as the use of aircraft to gather information necessary to conduct strategic air war, also called strategic air bombardment. At the core of the topic, recently declassified JCS emergency war plans indicate that a strategic air bombardment campaign formed the heart of American military strategy from the end of World War II to the Korean conflict. A question still remains: Did reconnaissance aircraft merely serve as a tool of war planners, or did strategic reconnaissance actually shape military strategy?

Author : John T. Farquhar,Air University Press
Publisher : www.Militarybookshop.CompanyUK
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2011-02-01
Category : History
ISBN : 1780392028

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A Need to Know by John T. Farquhar,Air University Press Pdf

More than a tool of policy makers to gather intelligence, Air Force reconnaissance efforts shaped early Cold War doctrine and war planning. Dr. Farquhar argues that a lack of information on Soviet strategic capabilities dominated the organization, operational planning, and equipment of the postwar Air Force. To support his assertion, Farquhar traces the development of aerial reconnaissance from the first balloon ascents through World War II as a prelude. He then examines early Cold War peripheral reconnaissance and overflights of the Soviet Union. He explains the evolution of intelligence-gathering technology, bureaucratic growth, and a relative lack of attention paid to electronic warfare before the Korean War. Based primarily on archival sources, this book (first published in 2004) serves as an excellent reference for air doctrine, intelligence, and electronic warfare in the formative years of the Cold War.

Author : Retired, John Thomas Farquhar, John Thomas Farquhar Lieutenant , USAF, Retired
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2004-02-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1466255323

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A Need to Know by Retired, John Thomas Farquhar, John Thomas Farquhar Lieutenant , USAF, Retired Pdf

On 1 April 2001, a US Navy EP-3 Aries II surveillance aircraft collided with a People's Liberation Army Air Force J-8 fighter plane that resulted in the loss of the Chinese pilot and an emergency landing on Hainan Island by the Navy plane. The Chinese government's 11-day internment of the Navy flight crew shocked and amazed the American public. The ensuing diplomatic crisis and war of words reminded many of similar incidents from the supposedly defunct Cold War. Depending on the age of the individual, the EP-3 crisis evoked memories of the 1983 Soviet shoot-down of Korean Air Lines (KAL) flight 007 or Francis Gary Powers's ill-fated U-2 mission of 1 May 1960. Avid readers might remember a 1993 U.S. News & World Report issue devoted to "America's Top-Secret Spy War" that chronicled many of the 35 US Air Force and US Navy reconnaissance aircraft shot down from 1946 to 1961 with the loss of over 100 American airmen.1 The April 2001 collision focused world attention upon a still little known but highly significant aspect of the Cold War-strategic aerial reconnaissance. The vehement charges and countercharges surrounding the EP-3 incident evoked similar periods of international tension involving US reconnaissance aircraft during the early years of the Cold War. For example, the KAL 007 shoot-down plunged Soviet-American relations into an icy phase of the latter Cold War, and the infamous U-2 incident aborted a promising 1960 US President Eisenhower-Soviet Premier Khrushchev summit. In the short term, the EP-3 incident resurrected a sense of hostility associated with a series of international incidents occurring in the early 1950s. To assess the apparent impact of aerial reconnaissance upon the early Cold War, many questions must be answered: How and when did reconnaissance flights originate? What factors prompted US reconnaissance operations? Who authorized them? At what point did the president and senior policy makers know about the activities? What information did US policy makers seek that could be provided by aerial reconnaissance? Why did leaders risk international incidents, political turmoil, and potential hostilities to gather information?

Author : John Thomas Farquhar
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Aerial reconnaissance
ISBN : 1429455713

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A Need to Know by John Thomas Farquhar Pdf

More than a tool of policy makers to gather intelligence, Air Force reconnaissance efforts shaped early Cold War doctrine and war planning. Dr. Farquhar argues that a lack of information on Soviet strategic capabilities dominated the organization, operational planning, and equipment of the postwar Air Force. To support his assertion, Farquhar traces the development of aerial reconnaissance from the first balloon ascents through World War II as a prelude. He then examines early Cold War peripheral reconnaissance and overflights of the Soviet Union. He explains the evolution of intelligence-gathering technology, bureaucratic growth, and a relative lack of attention paid to electronic warfare before the Korean War. Based primarily on archival sources, the book serves as an excellent reference for air doctrine, intelligence, and electronic warfare in the formative years of the Cold War.

Author : John Thomas Farquhar,Allan Reed Millett
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Aerial reconnaissance, American
ISBN : OCLC:26336794

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A Need to Know by John Thomas Farquhar,Allan Reed Millett Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Aerial reconnaissance
ISBN : 1429455713

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A Need to Know by Anonim Pdf

More than a tool of policy makers to gather intelligence, Air Force reconnaissance efforts shaped early Cold War doctrine and war planning. Dr. Farquhar argues that a lack of information on Soviet strategic capabilities dominated the organization, operational planning, and equipment of the postwar Air Force. To support his assertion, Farquhar traces the development of aerial reconnaissance from the first balloon ascents through World War II as a prelude. He then examines early Cold War peripheral reconnaissance and overflights of the Soviet Union. He explains the evolution of intelligence-gathering technology, bureaucratic growth, and a relative lack of attention paid to electronic warfare before the Korean War. Based primarily on archival sources, the book serves as an excellent reference for air doctrine, intelligence, and electronic warfare in the formative years of the Cold War.

Author : Sean M. Maloney
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9781640122345

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Emergency War Plan by Sean M. Maloney Pdf

Using strategic plans, intelligence analysis, and other materials that have only recently been declassified, Emergency War Plan examines the theory and practice of nuclear deterrence during the 1945–1960 period of the Cold War.

Author : John C. Fredriksen
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2011-01-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9781598846836

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The United States Air Force by John C. Fredriksen Pdf

Understand the growth and evolution of American air power with this overview of the history of the world's most successful aviation force. The United States Air Force: A Chronology captures the sweep of U.S. Air Force history from the service's inception to present times. Concise entries, arranged by date, touch upon military events such as victories and defeats; significant political, administrative, and technological changes affecting the service; and significant events in the careers of noted leaders. Daily occurrences are described within the context of greater historical events such as wars. The chronology covers all aspects of the U.S. Air Force and its historical antecedents (U.S. Air Service, Army Air Corps, and Army Air Force), commencing with the Balloon Corps in the American Civil War and extending through Operation IRAQI FREEDOM and Operation ENDURING FREEDOM in Afghanistan. Events of note, major and minor, are listed in the order of occurrence. The book includes all major air campaigns in all major conflicts, as well as such noteworthy events as record-breaking flights and the introduction of new aircraft.

Author : David Christopher Arnold
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2008-06-12
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9781603440431

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Spying from Space by David Christopher Arnold Pdf

On August 14, 1960, a revolution quietly occurred in the reconnaissance capabilities of America. When the Air Force C-119 Flying Boxcar Pelican 9 caught a bucket returning from space with film from a satellite, the American intelligence community gained access to previously denied information about the Soviet Union. The Corona reconnaissance satellite missions that followed lifted the veil of secrecy from the communist bloc, revealing, among other things, that no “Missile Gap” existed. This revolution in military intelligence could not have occurred without the development of the command and control systems that made the Space Race possible. In Spying from Space, David Christopher Arnold tells the story of how military officers and civilian contractors built the Air Force Satellite Control Facility (AFSCF) to support the National Reconnaissance Program. The AFSCF also had a unique relationship with the National Reconnaissance Office, a secret organization that the U.S. government officially concealed as late as the 1990s. Like every large technology system, the AFSCF evolved as a result of the interaction of human beings with technology and with each other. Spying from Space fills a gap in space history by telling the story of the command and control systems that made rockets and satellites useful. Those interested in space flight or intelligence efforts will benefit from this revealing look into a little-known aspect of American achievement. Those fascinated by how large, complex organizations work will also find this an intriguing study of inter-service rivalries and clashes between military and civilian cultures.

Author : Damon Coletta,Frances T. Pilch
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135969660

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Space and Defense Policy by Damon Coletta,Frances T. Pilch Pdf

This edited volume introduces the reader to the role of space in military and defense strategy, and outlines some of the major foreign and domestic actors in the space arena, as well as constraints of law and treaties on activities in space. It also addresses science and technology as they relate to space policy. The book addresses three main questions: How does the realm of space fit into strategic thinking about national security? How does policy regarding space develop and what considerations, both in the United States and abroad, figure prominently in calculations about space policy? How do different states/nations/actors regard the role of space in their national security calculations and how do these policies impact each other? This book fills a niche in the space policy field, providing insights into space and strategy from international experts from the military, academic and scientific communities. A unique feature of the book is the chapter on science and technology, which utilizes the latest information available concerning space utilization and exploration.

Author : Tyler W Morton
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2019-10-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781682474815

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From Kites to Cold War by Tyler W Morton Pdf

From Kites to Cold War tells the story of the evolution of manned airborne reconnaissance. Long a desire of military commanders, the ability to see the terrain ahead and gain foreknowledge of enemy intent was realized when Chinese airmen mounted kites to surveil their surroundings. Kite technology was slow to spread, and by the late nineteenth century European nations had developed the balloon and airship to conduct this mission. By 1918, it was obvious that the airplane had become the reconnaissance platform of the future. Used successfully by many nations during the Great War, aircraft technology and capability experienced its most rapid evolutionary period during World War II. Entering the war with just basic airborne imagery capabilities, by V-E and V-J days, air power pioneers greatly improved imagery collection and developed sophisticated airborne signals intelligence collection capabilities. The United States and other nations put these capabilities to use as the Cold War immediately followed. Flying near the periphery of and sometimes directly over the Soviet Union, airborne reconnaissance provided the intelligence necessary to stay one step ahead of the Soviets throughout the Cold War.

Author : Charles F.G. Kuyk, Jr.,Charles F.G. Kuyk III
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781476680941

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West Point Graduates and the United States Air Force by Charles F.G. Kuyk, Jr.,Charles F.G. Kuyk III Pdf

West Point graduates played a central role in developing U.S. military air and space power from the earliest days of mechanized flight through the establishment of the U.S. Air Force in 1947, and continuing through the Persian Gulf War. These graduates served at a time when the world's greatest wave of technological advancement occurred: in aviation, nuclear weapons, rocketry, ICBMs, computers, satellite systems in inner space and man in outer space. This history traces the advancement of weapons and space technology that became the hallmark of the U.S. Air Force, and the pivotal role that West Point graduates played in integrating them into a wide variety of Air Force systems and programs. Many became aircraft commanders, test pilots, astronauts and, later in their careers, general officers who helped shape and implement technologies still in use today.

Author : John Curatola
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781682476215

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Autumn of Our Discontent by John Curatola Pdf

In the Fall of 1949, a series of international events shattered the notion that the United States would return to its traditional small peacetime military posture following World War II. Autumn of our Discontent chronicles the events that triggered the wholesale review of United States national security policies. The review led to the adoption of recommendations advanced in NSC-68, which laid the foundation for America’s Cold War activities, expanded conventional forces, sparked a thermonuclear arms race, and, equally important to the modern age, established the national security state—all clear breaks from America’s martial past and cornerstone ideologies. In keeping with the American military tradition, the United States dismantled most of its military power following World War II while Americans, in general, enjoyed unprecedented post-war and peacetime prosperity. In the autumn of 1949, however, the Soviet’s first successful test of their own atomic weapon in August was followed closely by establishment of the communist People’s Republic of China on October 1st shattered the illusion that American hegemony would remain unchallenged. Combined with the decision at home to increase the size of the atomic stockpile on and the on-going debate regarding the “Revolt of the Admirals,” the United States found itself facing a new round of crisis in what became the Cold War. Curatola explores these events and the debates surrounding them to provide a detailed history of an era critical to our own modern age. Indeed, the security state conceived of in the events of this critical autumn and the legacy of the choices made by American policymakers and military leaders continue to this day.

Author : John M. Curatola
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-03-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781476621371

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Bigger Bombs for a Brighter Tomorrow by John M. Curatola Pdf

Right after World War II, the United States felt secure in its atomic monopoly. With the American "Pax Atomica" in place, the free world held an apparent strategic advantage over the Soviet bloc and saw itself as a bulwark against communist expansion. But America's atomic superiority in the early postwar years was more fiction than fact. From 1945 until 1950, the U.S. atomic arsenal was poorly coordinated, equipped and funded. The newly formed Atomic Energy Commission inherited from the Manhattan Engineer District a program suffering from poor organization, failing infrastructure and internal conflict. The military establishment and the Air Force's Strategic Air Command little knew what to do with this new weapon. The Air Force and the AEC failed to coordinate their efforts for a possible atomic air offensive and war plans were ill-conceived, reflecting unrealistic expectations of Air Force capabilities and possible political outcomes. This lack of preparedness serves as a case study in the tenuous nature of American civilian-military relationships. Instructors considering this book for use in a course may request an examination copy here.

Author : Sean N. Kalic
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-05-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9781603446976

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US Presidents and the Militarization of Space, 1946-1967 by Sean N. Kalic Pdf

In the clash of ideologies represented by the Cold War, even the heavens were not immune to militarization. Satellites and space programs became critical elements among the national security objectives of both the United States and the Soviet Union. According to US Presidents and the Militarization of Space, 1946–1967, three American presidents in succession shared a fundamental objective of preserving space as a weapons-free frontier for the benefit of all humanity. Between 1953 and 1967 Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson all saw nonaggressive military satellite development, as well as the civilian space program, as means to favorably shape the international community’s opinion of the scientific, technological, and military capabilities of the United States. Sean N. Kalic’s reinterpretation of the development of US space policy, based on documents declassified in the past decade, demonstrates that a single vision for the appropriate uses of space characterized American strategies across parties and administrations during this period. Significantly, Kalic’s findings contradict the popular opinion that the United States sought to weaponize space and calls into question the traditional interpretation of the space race as a simple action/reaction paradigm. Indeed, beyond serving as a symbol and ambassador of US technological capability, its satellite program provided the United States with advanced, nonaggressive military intelligence-gathering platforms that proved critical in assessing the strategic nuclear balance between the United States and the Soviet Union. It also aided the three administrations in countering the Soviet Union’s increasing international prestige after its series of space firsts, beginning with the launch of Sputnik in 1957.