A New Map Of Global Ecological Land Units

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Ecology
ISBN : 0892912766

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A New Map of Global Ecological Land Units by Anonim Pdf

In response to the need and an intergovernmental commission for a high resolution and data-derived global ecosystem map, land surface elements of global ecological pattern were characterized in an ecophysiographic stratification of the planet. The stratification produced 3,923 terrestrial ecological land units (ELUs) at a base resolution of 250 meters. The ELUs were derived from data on land surface features in a three step approach. The first step involved acquiring or developing four global raster datalayers representing the primary components of ecosystem structure: bioclimate, landform, lithology, and land cover. These datasets generally represent the most accurate, current, globally comprehensive, and finest spatial and thematic resolution data available for each of the four inputs. The second step involved a spatial combination of the four inputs into a single, new integrated raster dataset where every cell represents a combination of values from the bioclimate, landforms, lithology, and land cover datalayers. This foundational global raster datalayer, called ecological facets (EFs), contains 47,650 unique combinations of the four inputs. The third step involved an aggregation of the EFs into the 3,923 ELUs. This subdivision of the Earth's surface into relatively fine, ecological land areas is designed to be useful for various types of ecosystem research and management applications, including assessments of climate change impacts to ecosystems, economic and non-economic valuation of ecosystem services, and conservation planning.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Marine ecology
ISBN : 0892912812

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A New Map of Global Ecological Marine Units by Anonim Pdf

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Esri, the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), and the American Association of Geographers (AAG) are pleased to present A New Map of Global Ecological Marine Units - An Environmental Stratification Approach. This publication presents maps, data, and a web-based explorer application from a first-of-its-kind effort to partition the ocean into physically and chemically distinct volumetric regions called ecological marine units (EMUs). The EMUs were mapped from sea surface to seafloorin a true three-dimensional characterization of the oceanic water column. The EMUs were developed in a public/private partnership between USGS and Esri, in a collaboration that included a steering committee of international marine scientists. The work to delineate the EMUs follows the development of an analogous global ecological land units (ELUs) product also developed by the ESGS/Esri team, using a similar stratification-based mapping approach. Like the ELUs, the EMUs were commissioned by the GEO as part of a global ecosystem mapping initiative. With this Special Publication, AAG recognizes the work as a contribution to understanding the physical and ecological geography of the Earth.

Author : Karrie Lynn Pennington,Thomas V. Cech
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2021-08-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781108746847

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Introduction to Water Resources and Environmental Issues by Karrie Lynn Pennington,Thomas V. Cech Pdf

Thoroughly updated and expanded new edition introduces students to the complex world of water resources and environmental issues.

Author : John P. Wilson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118938171

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Environmental Applications of Digital Terrain Modeling by John P. Wilson Pdf

A digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. It is also widely known as a digital terrain model (DTM). A DEM can be represented as a raster (a grid of squares) or as a vector based triangular irregular network (TIN). DEMs are commonly built using remote sensing techniques, but they may also be built from land surveying. DEMs are used often in geographic information systems, and are the most common basis for digitally-produced relief maps. The terrain surface can be described as compromising of two different elements; random and systematic. The random (stochastic) elements are the continuous surfaces with continuously varying relief. It would take an endless number of points to describe exactly the random terrain shapes, but these can be described in practice with a network of point. It is usual to use a network that creates sloping triangles or regular quadrants. This book examines how the methods and data sources used to generate DEMs and calculate land surface parameters have changed over the past 25 years. The primary goal is to describe the state-of-the-art for a typical digital terrain modeling workflow that starts with data capture, continues with data preprocessing and DEM generation, and concludes with the calculation of one or more primary and secondary land surface parameters. Taken as a whole, this book covers the basic theory behind the methods, the instrumentation, analysis and interpretation that are embedded in the modern digital terrain modeling workflow, the strengths and weaknesses of the various methods that the terrain analyst must choose among, typical applications of the results emanating from these terrain modeling workflows, and future directions. This book is intended for researchers and practitioners who wish to use DEMs, land surface parameters, land surface objects and landforms in environmental projects. The book will also be valuable as a reference text for environmental scientists who are specialists in related fields and wish to integrate these kinds of digital terrain workflows and outputs into their own specialized work environments.

Author : Michele Walters,Robert J. Scholes
Publisher : Springer
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2016-11-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319272887

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The GEO Handbook on Biodiversity Observation Networks by Michele Walters,Robert J. Scholes Pdf

Biodiversity observation systems are almost everywhere inadequate to meet local, national and international (treaty) obligations. As a result of alarmingly rapid declines in biodiversity in the modern era, there is a strong, worldwide desire to upgrade our monitoring systems, but little clarity on what is actually needed and how it can be assembled from the elements which are already present. This book intends to provide practical guidance to broadly-defined biodiversity observation networks at all scales, but predominantly the national scale and higher. This is a practical how-to book with substantial policy relevance. It will mostly be used by technical specialists with a responsibility for biodiversity monitoring to establish and refine their systems. It is written at a technical level, but one that is not discipline-bound: it should be intelligible to anyone in the broad field with a tertiary education.

Author : Rebecca G. Asch,Kenneth Alan Rose,Darren Pilcher,Sara Rivero-Calle,Johnna M. Holding
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889717552

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Ecological Applications of Earth System Models and Regional Climate Models by Rebecca G. Asch,Kenneth Alan Rose,Darren Pilcher,Sara Rivero-Calle,Johnna M. Holding Pdf

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,United Nations Environment Programme,Mediterranean Action Plan Barcelona Convention,Plan Bleu
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251310472

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State of Mediterranean Forests 2018 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,United Nations Environment Programme,Mediterranean Action Plan Barcelona Convention,Plan Bleu Pdf

The Mediterranean region has more than 25 million hectares of Mediterranean forests and about 50 million hectares of other Mediterranean wooded lands. They make crucial contributions to rural development, poverty alleviation, food security, as well as, the agricultural, water, tourism, and energy sectors. Changes in climate, societies, and lifestyles to create appropriate financial incentives and tools. in the Mediterranean region could have serious negative consequences for forests, with the potential to lead to the loss or diminution of those contributions and to a wide range of economic, social and environmental problems. In the future, Mediterranean forests will support agriculture and human wellbeing. It is therefore crucial to improve policies, practices, and to promote sustainable management to provide social and economic benefits as well as to increase the resilience of ecosystems and societies. This new edition of the State of Mediterranean Forests aims to demonstrate the importance of Mediterranean forests to implementing solutions to tackle global issues such as climate change and population increase. Part 1: The Mediterranean landscape: importance and threats. Despite the important natural capital provided by Mediterranean forests, they are under threats from climate change and population increase and other subsidiary drivers of forest degradation. Part 2: Mediterranean forest-based solutions. Forests and landscape restoration, adaptation of forests and adaptation using forests, climate change mitigation, and conserving biodiversity are additional and complementary approaches to address the drivers of forest degradation to the benefit of populations and the environment. Part 3: Creating an enabling environment to scale up solutions. To scale up and replicate forest-based solutions, there is a need to change the way we see the role of forests in the economy, to put in place relevant policies, more widespread participatory approaches, to recognize the economic value of the goods and services provided by forests and, ultimately, to create appropriate financial incentives and tools.

Author : Tomislav Hengl,Robert A. MacMillan
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780359306350

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Predictive Soil Mapping with R by Tomislav Hengl,Robert A. MacMillan Pdf

Predictive Soil Mapping (PSM) is based on applying statistical and/or machine learning techniques to fit models for the purpose of producing spatial and/or spatiotemporal predictions of soil variables i.e. maps of soil properties and classes at different resolutions. It is a multidisciplinary field combining statistics, data science, soil science, physical geography, remote sensing, geoinformation science and a number of other sciences. Predictive Soil Mapping with R is about understanding the main concepts behind soil mapping, mastering R packages that can be used to produce high quality soil maps, and about optimizing all processes involved so that also the production costs can be reduced. The online version of the book is available at: https: //envirometrix.github.io/PredictiveSoilMapping/ Pull requests and general comments are welcome. These materials are based on technical tutorials initially developed by the ISRIC's Global Soil Information Facilities (GSIF) development team over the period 2014?2017

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1488 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128047934

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Comprehensive Geographic Information Systems by Anonim Pdf

Geographical Information Systems, Three Volume Set is a computer system used to capture, store, analyze and display information related to positions on the Earth’s surface. It has the ability to show multiple types of information on multiple geographical locations in a single map, enabling users to assess patterns and relationships between different information points, a crucial component for multiple aspects of modern life and industry. This 3-volumes reference provides an up-to date account of this growing discipline through in-depth reviews authored by leading experts in the field. VOLUME EDITORS Thomas J. Cova The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States Ming-Hsiang Tsou San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States Georg Bareth University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Chunqiao Song University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States Yan Song University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Kai Cao National University of Singapore, Singapore Elisabete A. Silva University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Covers a rapidly expanding discipline, providing readers with a detailed overview of all aspects of geographic information systems, principles and applications Emphasizes the practical, socioeconomic applications of GIS Provides readers with a reliable, one-stop comprehensive guide, saving them time in searching for the information they need from different sources

Author : Karl Cordell,Brendan O'Leary,Stefan Wolff
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351869980

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The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict by Karl Cordell,Brendan O'Leary,Stefan Wolff Pdf

The conflict between Israel and the Palestinians is one of the longest unresolved conflicts of modern times. It has brought about the early and violent deaths of tens of thousands of people, and blighted the lives of millions more. It is symbiotically linked to the wider crises that continue to engulf the wider region. The purpose of this volume is to elucidate both the nature of the conflict, but perhaps more importantly to make some tentative proposals with regard to how the conflict may eventually be peacefully concluded. The contributors offer their prognosis in light of the fact that both Israeli and Palestinian society is becoming increasingly polarised and prey to fanatics who argue that the conflict will and should be solved by the complete destruction of one side by the other. In short, this volume seeks to provide rational counter-arguments to fundamentalist bile that questions the fundamental humanity of the opposing side. This book was originally published as a special issue of the journal Ethnopolitics.

Author : Robert G. Bailey
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2014-07-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387895161

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Ecosystem Geography by Robert G. Bailey Pdf

This book outlines a system that subdivides the Earth into a hierarchy of increasingly finer-scale ecosystems that can serve as a consistent framework for ecological analysis and management. The system consists of a three-part, nested hierarchy of ecosystem units and associated mapping criteria. This new edition has been updated throughout with new text, figures, diagrams, photographs, and tables.

Author : Ralph W. Tiner
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 871 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781315357072

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Wetland Indicators by Ralph W. Tiner Pdf

Understand the current concept of wetland and methods for identifying, describing, classifying, and delineating wetlands in the United States with Wetland Indicators - capturing the current state of science's role in wetland recognition and mapping. Environmental scientists and others involved with wetland regulations can strengthen their knowledge about wetlands, and the use of various indicators, to support their decisions on difficult wetland determinations. Professor Tiner primarily focuses on plants, soils, and other signs of wetland hydrology in the soil, or on the surface of wetlands in his discussion of Wetland Indicators. Practicing - and aspiring - wetland delineators alike will appreciate Wetland Indicators' critical insight into the development and significance of hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and other factors. Features Color images throughout illustrate wetland indicators. Incorporates analysis and coverage of the latest Army Corps of Engineers delineation manual. Provides over 60 tables, including extensive tables of U.S. wetland plant communities and examples for determining hydrophytic vegetation.

Author : John W. Head
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2019-06-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000020786

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A Global Corporate Trust for Agroecological Integrity by John W. Head Pdf

This book examines global environmental governance and how legal, institutional, and conceptual reform can facilitate a transformation to a new ‘natural-systems’ form of agriculture. Profound global climate disruption makes it essential that we replace our current agricultural system – described in this book as a fossil-carbon-dependent ‘modern extractive agriculture’ – with a natural-systems agriculture featuring perennial grains growing in polycultures, thereby mimicking the natural grassland and forest ecosystems that modern extractive agriculture has largely destroyed. After examining relevant international legal and conceptual foundations (sovereignty, federalism, global governance) and existing international organizations focusing on agriculture, the book explores legal and institutional opportunities to facilitate dramatic agricultural reform and ecological restoration. Among other things, it explains how innovative federalism structures around the world provide patterns for reorienting global environmental governance, including what the book calls eco-states that would, through exercise of pluralistic sovereignty, be responsible for agroecological management. Drawing from his experience working in international institutions, the author provides detailed global-governance proposals for facilitating the type of agricultural reform that can help avoid ecological collapse, especially through soil degradation and climate change. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of international law, agroecology, climate change, ecological restoration, sustainable development, and global governance, as well as policy-makers and practitioners working in these fields.

Author : Abad Chabbi,Henry W. Loescher
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2017-03-03
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781498751339

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Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Infrastructures by Abad Chabbi,Henry W. Loescher Pdf

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Infrastructures: Challenges and Opportunities reveals how environmental research infrastructures (RIs) provide new valuable insights on ecological processes that cannot be realized by more traditional short-term funding cycles and are integral to understand our changing world. This book bonds the latest state-of-the-science knowledge on environmental RIs, the challenges in creating them, their place in addressing scientific frontiers, and the new perspectives they bear. Each chapter is thoughtfully invested with fresh viewpoints from the environmental RI vantage as the authors explore and explain many topics such as the rationale and challenges in global change, field and modeling platforms, new tools, challenges in data management, distilling information into knowledge, and new developments in large-scale RIs. This work serves an advantageous guide for academics and practitioners alike who aim to deepen their knowledge in the field of science and project management, and logistics operations.

Author : Robert G. Bailey
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Nature
ISBN : UOM:39015038420157

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Ecosystem Geography by Robert G. Bailey Pdf

The analysis and management of ecosystems rely increasingly on sound geographical knowledge. Ecosystem Geography is a landmark contribution which brings the geographer's tools - maps, scales, boundaries, and units - to the study of ecosystems. The author, a senior geographer and program manager with the U.S. Forest Service, has distilled more than two decades of research on ecosystem mapping and classification. His work has had a growing influence on how government and academic scientists are using ecological data to monitor biodiversity, manage land holdings and interpret the results of climatic change. Ecosystem Geography features spectacular graphics, including diagrams, photographs, and abundant maps. It will be welcomed by ecologists, geographers, land and resource specialists, and anyone involved in the study or management of landscapes and ecosystems.