A One Dimensional Introduction To Continuum Mechanics
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A One-dimensional Introduction to Continuum Mechanics by Anthony John Roberts Pdf
Many textbooks on continuum mechanics plunge students in at the ?deep end? of three-dimensional analysis and applications. However a striking number of commonplace models of our physical environment are based entirely within the dynamics of a one-dimensional continuum. This introductory text therefore approaches the subject entirely within such a one-dimensional framework.The principles of the mathematical modeling of one-dimensional media constitute the book's backbone. These concepts are elucidated with a diverse selection of applications, ranging from tidal dynamics and dispersion in channels to beam bending, algal blooms, blood flow, and the greenhouse effect.The book is ideally suited to elementary undergraduate courses as it makes no use of multivariable calculus. A number of graded problems are included at the end of each section.
Continuum Mechanics - Volume I by José Merodio,Giuseppe Saccomandi Pdf
The main objective of continuum mechanics is to predict the response of a body that is under the action of external and/or internal influences, i.e. to capture and describe different mechanisms associated with the motion of a body that is under the action of loading. A body in continuum mechanics is considered to be matter continuously distributed in space. Hence, no attention is given to the microscopic (atomic) structure of real materials although non-classical generalized theories of continuum mechanics are able to deal with the mesoscopic structure of matter (i.e. defects, cracks, dispersive lengths, ...). Matter occupies space in time and the response of a body in continuum mechanics is restricted to the Newtonian space-time of classical mechanics in this volume. Einstein’s theory of relativity is not considered. In the classical sense, loading is considered as any action that changes the motion of the body. This includes, for instance, a change in temperature or a force applied. By introducing the concept of configurational forces a load may also be considered as a force that drives a change in the material space, for example the opening of a crack. Continuum mechanics refers to field descriptions of phenomena that are usually modeled by partial differential equations and, from a mathematical point of view, require non-standard knowledge of non-simple technicalities. One purpose in this volume has been to present the different subjects in a self-contained way for a general audience. The organization of the volume is as follows. Mathematically, to predict the response of a body it is necessary to formulate boundary value problems governed by balance laws. The theme of the volume, that is an overview of the subject, has been written with this idea in mind for beginners in the topic. Chapter 1 is an introduction to continuum mechanics based on a one-dimensional framework in which, simultaneously, a more detailed organization of the chapters of this volume is given. A one-dimensional approach to continuum mechanics in some aspects maybe misleading since the analysis is oversimplified. Nevertheless, it allows us to introduce the subject through the early basic steps of the continuum analysis for a general audience. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 are devoted to the mathematical setting of continuum analysis: kinematics, balance laws and thermodynamics, respectively. Chapters 6 and 7 are devoted to constitutive equations. Chapters 8 and 9 deal with different issues in the context of linear elastostatics and linear elastodynamics and waves, respectively, for solids. Linear Elasticity is a classical and central theory of continuum mechanics. Chapter 10 deals with fluids while chapter 11 analyzes the coupled theory of thermoelasticity. Chapter 12 deals with nonlinear elasticity and its role in the continuum framework. Chapters 13 and 14 are dedicated to different applications of solid and fluid mechanics, respectively. The rest of the chapters involve some advanced topics. Chapter 15 is dedicated to turbulence, one of the main challenges in fluid mechanics. Chapter 16 deals with electro-magneto active materials (a coupled theory). Chapter 17 deals with specific ideas of soft matter and chapter 18 deals with configurational forces. In chapter 19, constitutive equations are introduced in a general (implicit) form. Well-posedness (existence, time of existence, uniqueness, continuity) of the equations of the mechanics of continua is an important topic which involves sophisticated mathematical machinery. Chapter 20 presents different analyses related to these topics. Continuum Mechanics is an interdisciplinary subject that attracts the attention of engineers, mathematicians, physicists, etc., working in many different disciplines from a purely scientific environment to industrial applications including biology, materials science, engineering, and many other subjects.
Introduction to Continuum Mechanics for Engineers by Ray M. Bowen Pdf
This textbook is intended to introduce engineering graduate students to the essentials of modern continuum mechanics. The objective of an introductory course is to establish certain classical continuum models within a modern framework. Engineering students need a firm understanding of classical models such as linear viscous fluids (Navier-Stokes theory) and infinitesimal elasticity. This understanding should include an appreciation for the status of the classical models as special cases of general nonlinear continuum models. The relationship of the classical models to nonlinear models is essential in light of the increasing reliance, by engineering designers and researchers, on prepackaged computer codes. These codes are based upon models which have a specific and limited range of validity. Given the danger associated with the use of these computer codes in circumstances where the model is not valid, engineers have a need for an in-depth understanding of continuum mechanics and the continuum models which can be formu lated by use of continuum mechanics techniques. Classical continuum models and others involve a utilization of the balance equations of continuum mechanics, the second law of thermo dynamics, and the principles of material frame indifference and material symmetry. In addition, they involve linearizations of various types. In this text, an effort is made to explain carefully how the governing principles, linearizations, and other approximations combine to yield classical con tinuum models. A fundamental understanding of how these models evolve is most helpful when one attempts to study models which account for a wider array of physical phenomena.
Introduction to Engineering Mechanics by Clive L. Dym,Jenn Stroud Rossmann Pdf
The essence of continuum mechanics- the internal response of materials to external loading- is often obscured by the complex mathematics of its formulation. By building gradually from one-dimensional to two- and three-dimensional formulations, this book provides an accessible introduction to the fundamentals of solid and fluid mechanics, covering s
Continuum Mechanics - Volume III by José Merodio,Giuseppe Saccomandi Pdf
The main objective of continuum mechanics is to predict the response of a body that is under the action of external and/or internal influences, i.e. to capture and describe different mechanisms associated with the motion of a body that is under the action of loading. A body in continuum mechanics is considered to be matter continuously distributed in space. Hence, no attention is given to the microscopic (atomic) structure of real materials although non-classical generalized theories of continuum mechanics are able to deal with the mesoscopic structure of matter (i.e. defects, cracks, dispersive lengths, ...). Matter occupies space in time and the response of a body in continuum mechanics is restricted to the Newtonian space-time of classical mechanics in this volume. Einstein’s theory of relativity is not considered. In the classical sense, loading is considered as any action that changes the motion of the body. This includes, for instance, a change in temperature or a force applied. By introducing the concept of configurational forces a load may also be considered as a force that drives a change in the material space, for example the opening of a crack. Continuum mechanics refers to field descriptions of phenomena that are usually modeled by partial differential equations and, from a mathematical point of view, require non-standard knowledge of non-simple technicalities. One purpose in this volume has been to present the different subjects in a self-contained way for a general audience. The organization of the volume is as follows. Mathematically, to predict the response of a body it is necessary to formulate boundary value problems governed by balance laws. The theme of the volume, that is an overview of the subject, has been written with this idea in mind for beginners in the topic. Chapter 1 is an introduction to continuum mechanics based on a one-dimensional framework in which, simultaneously, a more detailed organization of the chapters of this volume is given. A one-dimensional approach to continuum mechanics in some aspects maybe misleading since the analysis is oversimplified. Nevertheless, it allows us to introduce the subject through the early basic steps of the continuum analysis for a general audience. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 are devoted to the mathematical setting of continuum analysis: kinematics, balance laws and thermodynamics, respectively. Chapters 6 and 7 are devoted to constitutive equations. Chapters 8 and 9 deal with different issues in the context of linear elastostatics and linear elastodynamics and waves, respectively, for solids. Linear Elasticity is a classical and central theory of continuum mechanics. Chapter 10 deals with fluids while chapter 11 analyzes the coupled theory of thermoelasticity. Chapter 12 deals with nonlinear elasticity and its role in the continuum framework. Chapters 13 and 14 are dedicated to different applications of solid and fluid mechanics, respectively. The rest of the chapters involve some advanced topics. Chapter 15 is dedicated to turbulence, one of the main challenges in fluid mechanics. Chapter 16 deals with electro-magneto active materials (a coupled theory). Chapter 17 deals with specific ideas of soft matter and chapter 18 deals with configurational forces. In chapter 19, constitutive equations are introduced in a general (implicit) form. Well-posedness (existence, time of existence, uniqueness, continuity) of the equations of the mechanics of continua is an important topic which involves sophisticated mathematical machinery. Chapter 20 presents different analyses related to these topics. Continuum Mechanics is an interdisciplinary subject that attracts the attention of engineers, mathematicians, physicists, etc., working in many different disciplines from a purely scientific environment to industrial applications including biology, materials science, engineering, and many other subjects.
One-Dimensional Finite Elements by Andreas Öchsner,Markus Merkel Pdf
This textbook presents finite element methods using exclusively one-dimensional elements. It presents the complex methodology in an easily understandable but mathematically correct fashion. The approach of one-dimensional elements enables the reader to focus on the understanding of the principles of basic and advanced mechanical problems. The reader will easily understand the assumptions and limitations of mechanical modeling as well as the underlying physics without struggling with complex mathematics. Although the description is easy, it remains scientifically correct. The approach using only one-dimensional elements covers not only standard problems but allows also for advanced topics such as plasticity or the mechanics of composite materials. Many examples illustrate the concepts and problems at the end of every chapter help to familiarize with the topics. Each chapter also includes a few exercise problems, with short answers provided at the end of the book. The second edition appears with a complete revision of all figures. It also presents a complete new chapter special elements and added the thermal conduction into the analysis of rod elements. The principle of virtual work has also been introduced for the derivation of the finite-element principal equation.
Continuum Mechanics - Volume II by José Merodio,Giuseppe Saccomandi Pdf
The main objective of continuum mechanics is to predict the response of a body that is under the action of external and/or internal influences, i.e. to capture and describe different mechanisms associated with the motion of a body that is under the action of loading. A body in continuum mechanics is considered to be matter continuously distributed in space. Hence, no attention is given to the microscopic (atomic) structure of real materials although non-classical generalized theories of continuum mechanics are able to deal with the mesoscopic structure of matter (i.e. defects, cracks, dispersive lengths, ...). Matter occupies space in time and the response of a body in continuum mechanics is restricted to the Newtonian space-time of classical mechanics in this volume. Einstein’s theory of relativity is not considered. In the classical sense, loading is considered as any action that changes the motion of the body. This includes, for instance, a change in temperature or a force applied. By introducing the concept of configurational forces a load may also be considered as a force that drives a change in the material space, for example the opening of a crack. Continuum mechanics refers to field descriptions of phenomena that are usually modeled by partial differential equations and, from a mathematical point of view, require non-standard knowledge of non-simple technicalities. One purpose in this volume has been to present the different subjects in a self-contained way for a general audience. The organization of the volume is as follows. Mathematically, to predict the response of a body it is necessary to formulate boundary value problems governed by balance laws. The theme of the volume, that is an overview of the subject, has been written with this idea in mind for beginners in the topic. Chapter 1 is an introduction to continuum mechanics based on a one-dimensional framework in which, simultaneously, a more detailed organization of the chapters of this volume is given. A one-dimensional approach to continuum mechanics in some aspects maybe misleading since the analysis is oversimplified. Nevertheless, it allows us to introduce the subject through the early basic steps of the continuum analysis for a general audience. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 are devoted to the mathematical setting of continuum analysis: kinematics, balance laws and thermodynamics, respectively. Chapters 6 and 7 are devoted to constitutive equations. Chapters 8 and 9 deal with different issues in the context of linear elastostatics and linear elastodynamics and waves, respectively, for solids. Linear Elasticity is a classical and central theory of continuum mechanics. Chapter 10 deals with fluids while chapter 11 analyzes the coupled theory of thermoelasticity. Chapter 12 deals with nonlinear elasticity and its role in the continuum framework. Chapters 13 and 14 are dedicated to different applications of solid and fluid mechanics, respectively. The rest of the chapters involve some advanced topics. Chapter 15 is dedicated to turbulence, one of the main challenges in fluid mechanics. Chapter 16 deals with electro-magneto active materials (a coupled theory). Chapter 17 deals with specific ideas of soft matter and chapter 18 deals with configurational forces. In chapter 19, constitutive equations are introduced in a general (implicit) form. Well-posedness (existence, time of existence, uniqueness, continuity) of the equations of the mechanics of continua is an important topic which involves sophisticated mathematical machinery. Chapter 20 presents different analyses related to these topics. Continuum Mechanics is an interdisciplinary subject that attracts the attention of engineers, mathematicians, physicists, etc., working in many different disciplines from a purely scientific environment to industrial applications including biology, materials science, engineering, and many other subjects.
Introduction to Engineering Mechanics by Jenn Stroud Rossmann,Clive L. Dym,Lori Bassman Pdf
Integrated Mechanics Knowledge Essential for Any EngineerIntroduction to Engineering Mechanics: A Continuum Approach, Second Edition uses continuum mechanics to showcase the connections between engineering structure and design and between solids and fluids and helps readers learn how to predict the effects of forces, stresses, and strains. T
"This introductory course on soil mechanics presents the key concepts of stress, stiffness, seepage, consolidation, and strength within a one-dimensional framework. Consideration of the mechanical behaviour of soils requires us to consider density alongside stresses, thus permitting the unification of deformation and strength characteristics. Soils are described in a way which can be integrated with concurrent teaching of the properties of other engineering materials. The book includes a model of the shearing of soil and some examples of soil-structure interaction which are capable of theoretical analysis using one-dimensional governing equations. The text contains many worked examples, and exercises are given for private study at the end of all chapters. Some suggestions for laboratory demonstrations that could accompany such an introductory course are sprinkled through the book." --Book Jacket.
Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics and Large Inelastic Deformations by Yuriy I. Dimitrienko Pdf
The book provides a rigorous axiomatic approach to continuum mechanics under large deformation. In addition to the classical nonlinear continuum mechanics – kinematics, fundamental laws, the theory of functions having jump discontinuities across singular surfaces, etc. - the book presents the theory of co-rotational derivatives, dynamic deformation compatibility equations, and the principles of material indifference and symmetry, all in systematized form. The focus of the book is a new approach to the formulation of the constitutive equations for elastic and inelastic continua under large deformation. This new approach is based on using energetic and quasi-energetic couples of stress and deformation tensors. This approach leads to a unified treatment of large, anisotropic elastic, viscoelastic, and plastic deformations. The author analyses classical problems, including some involving nonlinear wave propagation, using different models for continua under large deformation, and shows how different models lead to different results. The analysis is accompanied by experimental data and detailed numerical results for rubber, the ground, alloys, etc. The book will be an invaluable text for graduate students and researchers in solid mechanics, mechanical engineering, applied mathematics, physics and crystallography, as also for scientists developing advanced materials.
The Elements of Continuum Biomechanics by Marcelo Epstein Pdf
An appealing and engaging introduction to Continuum Mechanics in Biosciences This book presents the elements of Continuum Mechanics to people interested in applications to biological systems. It is divided into two parts, the first of which introduces the basic concepts within a strictly one-dimensional spatial context. This policy has been adopted so as to allow the newcomer to Continuum Mechanics to appreciate how the theory can be applied to important issues in Biomechanics from the very beginning. These include mechanical and thermodynamical balance, materials with fading memory and chemically reacting mixtures. In the second part of the book, the fully fledged three-dimensional theory is presented and applied to hyperelasticity of soft tissue, and to theories of remodeling, aging and growth. The book closes with a chapter devoted to Finite Element analysis. These and other topics are illustrated with case studies motivated by biomedical applications, such as vibration of air in the air canal, hyperthermia treatment of tumours, striated muscle memory, biphasic model of cartilage and adaptive elasticity of bone. The book offers a challenging and appealing introduction to Continuum Mechanics for students and researchers of biomechanics, and other engineering and scientific disciplines. Key features: Explains continuum mechanics using examples from biomechanics for a uniquely accessible introduction to the topic Moves from foundation topics, such as kinematics and balance laws, to more advanced areas such as theories of growth and the finite element method.. Transition from a one-dimensional approach to the general theory gives the book broad coverage, providing a clear introduction for beginners new to the topic, as well as an excellent foundation for those considering moving to more advanced application
Basics of Continuum Plasticity by Kwansoo Chung,Myoung-Gyu Lee Pdf
This book describes the basic principles of plasticity for students and engineers who wish to perform plasticity analyses in their professional lives, and provides an introduction to the application of plasticity theories and basic continuum mechanics in metal forming processes. This book consists of three parts. The first part deals with the characteristics of plasticity and instability under simple tension or compression and plasticity in beam bending and torsion. The second part is designed to provide the basic principles of continuum mechanics, and the last part presents an extension of one-dimensional plasticity to general three-dimensional laws based on the fundamentals of continuum mechanics. Though most parts of the book are written in the context of general plasticity, the last two chapters are specifically devoted to sheet metal forming applications. The homework problems included are designed to reinforce understanding of the concepts involved. This book may be used as a textbook for a one semester course lasting fourteen weeks or longer. This book is intended to be self-sufficient such that readers can study it independently without taking another formal course. However, there are some prerequisites before starting this book, which include a course on engineering mathematics and an introductory course on solid mechanics.
Introduction to Engineering Mechanics by Jenn Stroud Rossmann,Clive L. Dym,Lori Bassman Pdf
Integrated Mechanics Knowledge Essential for Any Engineer Introduction to Engineering Mechanics: A Continuum Approach, Second Edition uses continuum mechanics to showcase the connections between engineering structure and design and between solids and fluids and helps readers learn how to predict the effects of forces, stresses, and strains. The authors’ "continuum checklist" provides a framework for a wide variety of problems in solid and fluid mechanics. The essence of continuum mechanics, the internal response of materials to external loading, is often obscured by the complex mathematics of its formulation. By gradually building the formulations from one-dimensional to two- and three-dimensional, the authors help students develop a physical intuition for solid and fluid behavior and for the very interesting behavior of those materials including many biomaterials, between these extremes. This text is an accessible first introduction to the mechanics of all engineering materials, and incorporates a wide range of case studies highlighting the relevance of the technical content in societal, historical, ethical, and global contexts. It also offers a useful perspective for engineers concerned with biomedical, civil, chemical, mechanical, or other applications. New in the Second Edition: The latest edition contains significantly more examples, problems, and case studies than the first edition. The 22 chapters in this text: Define and present the template for the continuum approach Introduce strain and stress in one dimension, develop a constitutive law, and apply these concepts to the simple case of an axially loaded bar Extend the concepts to higher dimensions by introducing the Poisson’s ratio and strain and stress tensors Apply the continuum sense of solid mechanics to problems including torsion, pressure vessels, beams, and columns Make connections between solid and fluid mechanics, introducing properties of fluids and strain rate tensor Address fluid statics Consider applications in fluid mechanics Develop the governing equations in both control volume and differential forms Emphasize real-world design applications Introduction to Engineering Mechanics: A Continuum Approach, Second Edition provides a thorough understanding of how materials respond to loading: how solids deform and incur stress and how fluids flow. It introduces the fundamentals of solid and fluid mechanics, illustrates the mathematical connections between these fields, and emphasizes their diverse real-life applications. The authors also provide historical context for the ideas they describe and offer hints for future use.
