A Primer On Memory Consistency And Cache Coherence

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A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence

Daniel Sorin,Mark Hill,David Wood
A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence Book PDF

Author : Daniel Sorin,Mark Hill,David Wood
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2011-03-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781608455652

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A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence by Daniel Sorin,Mark Hill,David Wood Pdf

Many modern computer systems and most multicore chips (chip multiprocessors) support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both highlevel concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction to Consistency and Coherence / Coherence Basics / Memory Consistency Motivation and Sequential Consistency / Total Store Order and the x86 Memory Model / Relaxed Memory Consistency / Coherence Protocols / Snooping Coherence Protocols / Directory Coherence Protocols / Advanced Topics in Coherence / Author Biographies

A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence, Second Edition

Vijay Nagarajan,Daniel J. Sorin,Mark D. Hill,David A. Wood
A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence Second Edition Book PDF

Author : Vijay Nagarajan,Daniel J. Sorin,Mark D. Hill,David A. Wood
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031017643

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A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence, Second Edition by Vijay Nagarajan,Daniel J. Sorin,Mark D. Hill,David A. Wood Pdf

Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.

A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence

Vijay Nagarajan
A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence Book PDF

Author : Vijay Nagarajan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Cache memory
ISBN : 1681738759

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A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence by Vijay Nagarajan Pdf

Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.

A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence

Vijay Nagarajan,Daniel J. Sorin,Mark D. Hill,David A. Wood
A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence Book PDF

Author : Vijay Nagarajan,Daniel J. Sorin,Mark D. Hill,David A. Wood
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-02-04
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781681737102

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A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence by Vijay Nagarajan,Daniel J. Sorin,Mark D. Hill,David A. Wood Pdf

Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.

A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence

Daniel Sorin,Mark Hill,David Wood
A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence Book PDF

Author : Daniel Sorin,Mark Hill,David Wood
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2011-05-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031017339

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A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence by Daniel Sorin,Mark Hill,David Wood Pdf

Many modern computer systems and most multicore chips (chip multiprocessors) support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both highlevel concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction to Consistency and Coherence / Coherence Basics / Memory Consistency Motivation and Sequential Consistency / Total Store Order and the x86 Memory Model / Relaxed Memory Consistency / Coherence Protocols / Snooping Coherence Protocols / Directory Coherence Protocols / Advanced Topics in Coherence / Author Biographies

Die-stacking Architecture

Yuan Xie,Jishen Zhao
Die stacking Architecture Book PDF

Author : Yuan Xie,Jishen Zhao
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 113 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031017476

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Die-stacking Architecture by Yuan Xie,Jishen Zhao Pdf

The emerging three-dimensional (3D) chip architectures, with their intrinsic capability of reducing the wire length, promise attractive solutions to reduce the delay of interconnects in future microprocessors. 3D memory stacking enables much higher memory bandwidth for future chip-multiprocessor design, mitigating the "memory wall" problem. In addition, heterogenous integration enabled by 3D technology can also result in innovative designs for future microprocessors. This book first provides a brief introduction to this emerging technology, and then presents a variety of approaches to designing future 3D microprocessor systems, by leveraging the benefits of low latency, high bandwidth, and heterogeneous integration capability which are offered by 3D technology.

The Cache Memory Book

Jim Handy
The Cache Memory Book Book PDF

Author : Jim Handy
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1998-01-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0123229804

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The Cache Memory Book by Jim Handy Pdf

The Second Edition of The Cache Memory Book introduces systems designers to the concepts behind cache design. The book teaches the basic cache concepts and more exotic techniques. It leads readers through someof the most intricate protocols used in complex multiprocessor caches. Written in an accessible, informal style, this text demystifies cache memory design by translating cache concepts and jargon into practical methodologies and real-life examples. It also provides adequate detail to serve as a reference book for ongoing work in cache memory design. The Second Edition includes an updated and expanded glossary of cache memory terms and buzzwords. The book provides new real world applications of cache memory design and a new chapter on cache"tricks". Illustrates detailed example designs of caches Provides numerous examples in the form of block diagrams, timing waveforms, state tables, and code traces Defines and discusses more than 240 cache specific buzzwords, comparing in detail the relative merits of different design methodologies Includes an extensive glossary, complete with clear definitions, synonyms, and references to the appropriate text discussions

Processor Microarchitecture

Antonio Gonzalez,Fernando Latorre,Grigorios Magklis
Processor Microarchitecture Book PDF

Author : Antonio Gonzalez,Fernando Latorre,Grigorios Magklis
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2010-03-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781608454532

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Processor Microarchitecture by Antonio Gonzalez,Fernando Latorre,Grigorios Magklis Pdf

This lecture presents a study of the microarchitecture of contemporary microprocessors. The focus is on implementation aspects, with discussions on their implications in terms of performance, power, and cost of state-of-the-art designs. The lecture starts with an overview of the different types of microprocessors and a review of the microarchitecture of cache memories. Then, it describes the implementation of the fetch unit, where special emphasis is made on the required support for branch prediction. The next section is devoted to instruction decode with special focus on the particular support to decoding x86 instructions. The next chapter presents the allocation stage and pays special attention to the implementation of register renaming. Afterward, the issue stage is studied. Here, the logic to implement out-of-order issue for both memory and non-memory instructions is thoroughly described. The following chapter focuses on the instruction execution and describes the different functional units that can be found in contemporary microprocessors, as well as the implementation of the bypass network, which has an important impact on the performance. Finally, the lecture concludes with the commit stage, where it describes how the architectural state is updated and recovered in case of exceptions or misspeculations. This lecture is intended for an advanced course on computer architecture, suitable for graduate students or senior undergrads who want to specialize in the area of computer architecture. It is also intended for practitioners in the industry in the area of microprocessor design. The book assumes that the reader is familiar with the main concepts regarding pipelining, out-of-order execution, cache memories, and virtual memory. Table of Contents: Introduction / Caches / The Instruction Fetch Unit / Decode / Allocation / The Issue Stage / Execute / The Commit Stage / References / Author Biographies

Shared-Memory Synchronization

Michael Lee Scott,Trevor Brown
Shared Memory Synchronization Book PDF

Author : Michael Lee Scott,Trevor Brown
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2024
Category : Computer architecture
ISBN : 9783031386848

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Shared-Memory Synchronization by Michael Lee Scott,Trevor Brown Pdf

Zusammenfassung: This book offers a comprehensive survey of shared-memory synchronization, with an emphasis on "systems-level" issues. It includes sufficient coverage of architectural details to understand correctness and performance on modern multicore machines, and sufficient coverage of higher-level issues to understand how synchronization is embedded in modern programming languages. The primary intended audience for this book is "systems programmers"--the authors of operating systems, library packages, language run-time systems, concurrent data structures, and server and utility programs. Much of the discussion should also be of interest to application programmers who want to make good use of the synchronization mechanisms available to them, and to computer architects who want to understand the ramifications of their design decisions on systems-level code

Computer Organization and Design RISC-V Edition

David A. Patterson,John L. Hennessy
Computer Organization and Design RISC V Edition Book PDF

Author : David A. Patterson,John L. Hennessy
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
Page : 696 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2017-05-12
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780128122761

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Computer Organization and Design RISC-V Edition by David A. Patterson,John L. Hennessy Pdf

The new RISC-V Edition of Computer Organization and Design features the RISC-V open source instruction set architecture, the first open source architecture designed to be used in modern computing environments such as cloud computing, mobile devices, and other embedded systems. With the post-PC era now upon us, Computer Organization and Design moves forward to explore this generational change with examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the Cloud. Updated content featuring tablet computers, Cloud infrastructure, and the x86 (cloud computing) and ARM (mobile computing devices) architectures is included. An online companion Web site provides advanced content for further study, appendices, glossary, references, and recommended reading. Features RISC-V, the first such architecture designed to be used in modern computing environments, such as cloud computing, mobile devices, and other embedded systems Includes relevant examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the cloud

Modern Processor Design

John Paul Shen,Mikko H. Lipasti
Modern Processor Design Book PDF

Author : John Paul Shen,Mikko H. Lipasti
Publisher : Waveland Press
Page : 657 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-07-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781478610762

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Modern Processor Design by John Paul Shen,Mikko H. Lipasti Pdf

Conceptual and precise, Modern Processor Design brings together numerous microarchitectural techniques in a clear, understandable framework that is easily accessible to both graduate and undergraduate students. Complex practices are distilled into foundational principles to reveal the authors insights and hands-on experience in the effective design of contemporary high-performance micro-processors for mobile, desktop, and server markets. Key theoretical and foundational principles are presented in a systematic way to ensure comprehension of important implementation issues. The text presents fundamental concepts and foundational techniques such as processor design, pipelined processors, memory and I/O systems, and especially superscalar organization and implementations. Two case studies and an extensive survey of actual commercial superscalar processors reveal real-world developments in processor design and performance. A thorough overview of advanced instruction flow techniques, including developments in advanced branch predictors, is incorporated. Each chapter concludes with homework problems that will institute the groundwork for emerging techniques in the field and an introduction to multiprocessor systems.

A Computational Model of Natural Language Communication

Roland R. Hausser
A Computational Model of Natural Language Communication Book PDF

Author : Roland R. Hausser
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2006-08-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540354765

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A Computational Model of Natural Language Communication by Roland R. Hausser Pdf

The ideal of using human language to control machines requires a practical theory of natural language communication that includes grammatical analysis of language signs, plus a model of the cognitive agent, with interfaces for recognition and action, an internal database, and an algorithm for reading content in and out. This book offers a functional framework for theoretical analysis of natural language communication and for practical applications of natural language processing.

Quantum-Classical Correspondence

A. O. Bolivar
Quantum Classical Correspondence Book PDF

Author : A. O. Bolivar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662096499

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Quantum-Classical Correspondence by A. O. Bolivar Pdf

At what level of physical existence does "quantum behavior" begin? How does it develop from classical mechanics? This book addresses these questions and thereby sheds light on fundamental conceptual problems of quantum mechanics. It elucidates the problem of quantum-classical correspondence by developing a procedure for quantizing stochastic systems (e.g. Brownian systems) described by Fokker-Planck equations. The logical consistency of the scheme is then verified by taking the classical limit of the equations of motion and corresponding physical quantities. Perhaps equally important, conceptual problems concerning the relationship between classical and quantum physics are identified and discussed. Graduate students and physical scientists will find this an accessible entrée to an intriguing and thorny issue at the core of modern physics.

Decoherence and Entropy in Complex Systems

Hans-Thomas Elze
Decoherence and Entropy in Complex Systems Book PDF

Author : Hans-Thomas Elze
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2004-01-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3540206396

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Decoherence and Entropy in Complex Systems by Hans-Thomas Elze Pdf

The contributions to this volume are based on selected lectures from the first international workshop on decoherence, information, complexity and entropy (DICE). The aim of this volume is to reflect the growing importance ot common concepts behind seemingly different fields such as quantum mechanics, general relativity and statistical physics in a form accessible to nonspecialist researchers. Many presentations include original results which published here for the first time.

Principles of Secure Processor Architecture Design

Jakub Szefer
Principles of Secure Processor Architecture Design Book PDF

Author : Jakub Szefer
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2022-06-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031017605

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Principles of Secure Processor Architecture Design by Jakub Szefer Pdf

With growing interest in computer security and the protection of the code and data which execute on commodity computers, the amount of hardware security features in today's processors has increased significantly over the recent years. No longer of just academic interest, security features inside processors have been embraced by industry as well, with a number of commercial secure processor architectures available today. This book aims to give readers insights into the principles behind the design of academic and commercial secure processor architectures. Secure processor architecture research is concerned with exploring and designing hardware features inside computer processors, features which can help protect confidentiality and integrity of the code and data executing on the processor. Unlike traditional processor architecture research that focuses on performance, efficiency, and energy as the first-order design objectives, secure processor architecture design has security as the first-order design objective (while still keeping the others as important design aspects that need to be considered). This book aims to present the different challenges of secure processor architecture design to graduate students interested in research on architecture and hardware security and computer architects working in industry interested in adding security features to their designs. It aims to educate readers about how the different challenges have been solved in the past and what are the best practices, i.e., the principles, for design of new secure processor architectures. Based on the careful review of past work by many computer architects and security researchers, readers also will come to know the five basic principles needed for secure processor architecture design. The book also presents existing research challenges and potential new research directions. Finally, this book presents numerous design suggestions, as well as discusses pitfalls and fallacies that designers should avoid.