A Qualitative Model Of Automated Decision Making

Author : Stefan Schäferling
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2024-01-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783031481253

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Governmental Automated Decision-Making and Human Rights by Stefan Schäferling Pdf

With the growing capabilities of artificial intelligence, governments are integrating AI technologies into administrative and even judicial decision-making, aiding and in some cases even replacing human decision-makers. Predictive policing, automated benefits administration, and automated risk assessment in criminal sentencing are but a few prominent examples of a general trend. While the turn towards governmental automated decision-making promises to reduce the impact of human biases and produce efficiency gains, reducing the human element in governmental decision-making also entails significant risks. This book analyses these risks through a comparative constitutional law and human rights lens, examining US law, German law, and international human rights law. It also highlights the structural challenges that automation poses for legal systems built on the assumption of exclusively human decision-making. Special attention is paid to the question whether existing law can adequately address the lack of transparency in governmental automated decision-making, its discriminatory processes and outcomes, as well as its fundamental challenge to human agency. Building on that analysis, it proposes a path towards securing the values of human dignity and agency at the heart of democratic societies and the rule of law in an increasingly automated world. This book will be of interest to researchers and scholars focusing on the evolving relationship of law and technology as well as human rights scholars. Further, it represents a valuable contribution to the debate on the regulation of artificial intelligence and the role human rights can play in that process.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 7289 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-17
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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by Anonim Pdf

Author : G. Brewka,S. Coradeschi,A. Perini
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 892 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2006-08-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781607501893

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ECAI 2006 by G. Brewka,S. Coradeschi,A. Perini Pdf

In the summer of 1956, John McCarthy organized the famous Dartmouth Conference which is now commonly viewed as the founding event for the field of Artificial Intelligence. During the last 50 years, AI has seen a tremendous development and is now a well-established scientific discipline all over the world. Also in Europe AI is in excellent shape, as witnessed by the large number of high quality papers in this publication. In comparison with ECAI 2004, there’s a strong increase in the relative number of submissions from Distributed AI / Agents and Cognitive Modelling. Knowledge Representation & Reasoning is traditionally strong in Europe and remains the biggest area of ECAI-06. One reason the figures for Case-Based Reasoning are rather low is that much of the high quality work in this area has found its way into prestigious applications and is thus represented under the heading of PAIS.

Author : S.G. Tzafestas,H. B. Verbruggen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 778 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789401103053

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Artificial Intelligence in Industrial Decision Making, Control and Automation by S.G. Tzafestas,H. B. Verbruggen Pdf

This book is concerned with Artificial Intelligence (AI) concepts and techniques as applied to industrial decision making, control and automation problems. The field of AI has been expanded enormously during the last years due to that solid theoretical and application results have accumulated. During the first stage of AI development most workers in the field were content with illustrations showing ideas at work on simple problems. Later, as the field matured, emphasis was turned to demonstrations that showed the capability of AI techniques to handle problems of practical value. Now, we arrived at the stage where researchers and practitioners are actually building AI systems that face real-world and industrial problems. This volume provides a set of twenty four well-selected contributions that deal with the application of AI to such real-life and industrial problems. These contributions are grouped and presented in five parts as follows: Part 1: General Issues Part 2: Intelligent Systems Part 3: Neural Networks in Modelling, Control and Scheduling Part 4: System Diagnostics Part 5: Industrial Robotic, Manufacturing and Organizational Systems Part 1 involves four chapters providing background material and dealing with general issues such as the conceptual integration of qualitative and quantitative models, the treatment of timing problems at system integration, and the investigation of correct reasoning in interactive man-robot systems.

Author : Markku Suksi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783031301421

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The Rule of Law and Automated Decision-Making by Markku Suksi Pdf

The book presents observations concerning automated decision-making from a general point of view at the same time as it analyses the manner in which praxis in some jurisdictions has evolved as concerns automated decision-making and how the requirements that are placed by the legal orders on it are formulated. The principle of the rule of law should apply in the context of automated decision-making of public authorities just as much as when the decision-makers are physical persons. In sync with increasing automatization of decision-making in public authorities, problematizing questions about the appropriate legal basis for algorithmic decision-making have started emerge. How should the principle of the rule of law apply within the area of automated decision-making, how should automated decision-making be regulated so that it satisfies the requirements created by the principle of the rule of law, and how should the principle of the rule of law be made concrete in decision-making that is based on algorithms? The proposal for an AI Act launched by the European Commission in April 2021, including an identification of high-risk uses of algorithmic techniques, raises further questions concerning practices and interpretations related to automated decision-making. The state based on the rule of law proceeds from the maxim that public powers are exercised within a legal frame that makes the exercise of public powers foreseeable in light of legal norms. Also, a state based on the rule of law requires that the contents of the exercise of public powers is regulated by legal norms, which means that the citizens must be able to know everything that is relevant about how the powers will be exercised, not only who it is that will exercise the powers. Because of rules and principles of this kind, including non-discrimination and proportionality, the exercise of powers will not become arbitrary.

Author : Yannis Charalabidis,Rony Medaglia,Colin van Noordt
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2024-02-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781802207347

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Research Handbook on Public Management and Artificial Intelligence by Yannis Charalabidis,Rony Medaglia,Colin van Noordt Pdf

This pioneering Research Handbook on Public Management and Artificial Intelligence provides a comprehensive overview of the potentials, challenges, and governance principles of AI in a public management context. Multidisciplinary in approach, it draws on a variety of jurisdictional perspectives and expertly analyses key topics relating to this socio-technical phenomenon.

Author : Salvatore Greco,Ricardo Alberto Marques Pereira,Massimo Squillante,Ronald R. Yager
Publisher : Springer
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2010-08-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642159763

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Preferences and Decisions by Salvatore Greco,Ricardo Alberto Marques Pereira,Massimo Squillante,Ronald R. Yager Pdf

Decision making is an omnipresent, most crucial activity of the human being, and also of virtually all artificial broadly perceived “intelligent” systems that try to mimic human behavior, reasoning and choice processes. It is quite obvious that such a relevance of decision making had triggered vast research effort on its very essence, and attempts to develop tools and techniques which would make it possible to somehow mimic human decision making related acts, even to automate decision making processes that had been so far reserved for the human beings. The roots of those attempts at a scientific analysis can be traced to the ancient times but – clearly – they have gained momentum in the recent 50 or 100 years following a general boom in science. Depending on the field of science, decision making can be viewed in different ways. The most general view can be that decision making boils down to some cognitive, mental process(es) that lead to the selection of an option or a course of action among several alternatives. Then, looking in a deeper way, from a psychological perspective this process proceeds in the context of a set of needs, preferences, rational choice of an individual, a group of individuals, or even an organization. From a cognitive perspective, the decision making process proceeds in the context of various interactions with the environment.

Author : Tatiana V Guy,Miroslav Karny,David Wolpert
Publisher : Springer
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2013-02-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642364068

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Decision Making and Imperfection by Tatiana V Guy,Miroslav Karny,David Wolpert Pdf

Decision making (DM) is ubiquitous in both natural and artificial systems. The decisions made often differ from those recommended by the axiomatically well-grounded normative Bayesian decision theory, in a large part due to limited cognitive and computational resources of decision makers (either artificial units or humans). This state of a airs is often described by saying that decision makers are imperfect and exhibit bounded rationality. The neglected influence of emotional state and personality traits is an additional reason why normative theory fails to model human DM process. The book is a joint effort of the top researchers from different disciplines to identify sources of imperfection and ways how to decrease discrepancies between the prescriptive theory and real-life DM. The contributions consider: · how a crowd of imperfect decision makers outperforms experts' decisions; · how to decrease decision makers' imperfection by reducing knowledge available; · how to decrease imperfection via automated elicitation of DM preferences; · a human's limited willingness to master the available decision-support tools as an additional source of imperfection; · how the decision maker's emotional state influences the rationality; a DM support of edutainment robot based on its system of values and respecting emotions. The book will appeal to anyone interested in the challenging topic of DM theory and its applications.

Author : Maura R. Grossman,Natalie Heisler
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2023-09
Category : Algorithms
ISBN : 1032550244

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Standards for Control of Algorithmic Bias by Maura R. Grossman,Natalie Heisler Pdf

Governments around the world use machine learning in automated decision-making systems for a broad range of functions, however algorithmic bias in machine learning can result in automated decisions that produce disparate impact and may compromise Charter guarantees of substantive equality. This book seeks to answer the question: what standards should be applied to machine learning to mitigate disparate impact in automated decision-making? The regulatory landscape for automated decision-making, in Canada and across the world, is far from settled. Legislative and policy models are emerging, and the role of standards is evolving to support regulatory objectives. While acknowledging the contributions of leading standards development organizations, the authors argue that the rationale for standards must come from the law, and that implementing such standards would help not only to reduce future complaints, but more importantly would proactively enable human rights protections for those subject to automated decision-making. The book presents a proposed standards framework for automated decision-making and also provides recommendations for implementation in the context of Canada's Directive on Automated Decision-Making. As such, this book can assist public agencies around the world in deploying and developing automated decision-making equitably, as well as being of interest to businesses that utilize Automated Decision-Making processes.

Author : Heinzman, Joseph Robert,Judge, Deborah S.,Franklin, Vincent S.,McCleskey, Jim A.
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-06-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781668443606

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Business Models to Promote Technology, Culture, and Leadership in Post-COVID-19 Organizations by Heinzman, Joseph Robert,Judge, Deborah S.,Franklin, Vincent S.,McCleskey, Jim A. Pdf

Technology has always been important to organizations and a crucial aspect of their continued development. Organizations that already relied on the most up-to-date technology and provided forward-thinking leadership had a smoother transition during the COVID-19 pandemic, which created turmoil for other organizations that were lacking in this type of leadership. Leadership that implements current and future technology is vital to thrive in the post-pandemic world. Further study on this type of management and practice is required to ensure businesses are prepared and knowledgeable. Business Models to Promote Technology, Culture, and Leadership in Post-COVID-19 Organizations delves into how virtual technology has evolved to create remote offices and remote teaming in areas such as health, education, engineering, and other business solutions. The book also explores culture in a business and how individuals may interface, communicate, and collaborate in past, current, and future business models. Covering key topics such as management, public health, and society, this reference work is ideal for business owners, managers, human resource professionals, supervisors, scholars, researchers, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

Author : Isaias, Pedro,Carvalho, Luísa Cagica
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-10-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781522528272

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User Innovation and the Entrepreneurship Phenomenon in the Digital Economy by Isaias, Pedro,Carvalho, Luísa Cagica Pdf

The digital economy is a main driver of change, innovation, and competitiveness for various companies and entrepreneurs. Exploring developments in these initiatives can be used as vital tools for future business success. User Innovation and the Entrepreneurship Phenomenon in the Digital Economy is an essential reference source for emerging scholarly research on innovative aspects of design, development, and implementation of digital economy initiatives, highlighting the relationship and interaction between humans and technology in modern society. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as electronic commerce, brand promotion, and customer loyalty, this book is ideally designed for academicians, researchers, students, and managers seeking current research on the digital economy.

Author : Tavares, Maria C.,Azevedo, Graça,Vale, José,Marques, Rui,Bastos, Maria Anunciação
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2024-04-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9798369308486

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Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Sustainable Accounting by Tavares, Maria C.,Azevedo, Graça,Vale, José,Marques, Rui,Bastos, Maria Anunciação Pdf

In an age defined by unparalleled technological advancements, globalization, and the looming specter of environmental and societal crises, the need for a holistic and sustainable approach to accounting practices has never been more pressing. Academic scholars stand witness to the challenges posed by the new era, characterized by transformative shifts across industry, education, community, and society at large. These shifts, driven by rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), present a double-edged sword. While AI offers unprecedented opportunities for innovation, it also amplifies the urgency of addressing sustainability concerns. Today's society grapples with the immense responsibility of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outlined in Agenda 2030. It is imperative to not only understand but harness the power of AI to drive sustainability, enhance the quality of life, and ensure sustainable growth on both local and global scales. Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Sustainable Accounting serves as a beacon of knowledge, providing a comprehensive exploration of the intersection between AI, accounting, and sustainability. This book represents a vital solution to the challenges faced by academic scholars and practitioners alike. Within its pages lies a transdisciplinary approach that bridges the gap between these critical fields. Discover how AI can elevate accounting to new heights, extending the spectrum of information in organizational decision-making, promoting responsible reporting practices, and bolstering sustainable practices worldwide. This book not only reviews governance and management processes but also offers practical methodologies that empower organizations to embrace sustainability wholeheartedly.

Author : Don Harris
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 487 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351570046

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Decision Making in Aviation by Don Harris Pdf

Decision making pervades every aspect of life: people make hundreds of decisions every day. The vast majority of these are trivial and without a right or wrong answer. In some respects there is also nothing extraordinary about pilot decision making. It is only the setting that is different - the underlying cognitive processes are just the same. However, it is the context and the consequences of a poor decision which serve to differentiate aeronautical decision making. Decisions on the flight deck are often made with incomplete information and while under time pressure. The implications for inadequate performance is much more serious than in many other professions. Poor decisions are implicated in over half of all aviation accidents. This volume contains key papers published over the last 25 years providing an overview of the major paradigms by which aeronautical decision making has been investigated. Furthermore, decision making does not occur in isolation. It is a joint function of the flight tasks; knowledge; equipment on the flight deck and other stressors. In this volume of collected papers, works from leading authors in the field consider all these aspects of aeronautical decision making.

Author : Ronen I. Brafman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Artificial intelligence
ISBN : STANFORD:36105019663116

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Qualitative Models of Information and Decision Making by Ronen I. Brafman Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Airplanes
ISBN : PSU:000017116756

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Papers Presented at the AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 25th Joint Propulsion Conference by Anonim Pdf