A Study Of The Effects Of The Canada Us Softwood Lumber Agreement
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Michael Percy,Luis F. Constantino,University of British Columbia. Forest Economics and Policy Analysis Research Unit
Author : Michael Percy,Luis F. Constantino,University of British Columbia. Forest Economics and Policy Analysis Research Unit Publisher : Forest Economics and Policy Analysis Research Unit, University of British Columbia Page : 58 pages File Size : 45,7 Mb Release : 1989 Category : British Columbia ISBN : MINN:31951P00700931J
The Softwood Lumber Dispute and Its Impact on the Economy of British Columbia by Michael Percy,Luis F. Constantino,University of British Columbia. Forest Economics and Policy Analysis Research Unit Pdf
As a forester interested in economics and policy, Daowei Zhang followed the softwood lumber dispute between the U.S. and Canada for nearly 20 years. Dubbed the 'Softwood Lumber War,' the conflict enveloped politicians and business leaders on both sides of the border and placed strains on the historically close economic and political relations between the two countries. This book is an unprecedentedly detailed evaluation of how the conflict began and how it was sustained for such a long period of time. The book considers the implications that may follow from the 2006 agreement between the nations, and the broader lessons that might be learned about international trade conflicts. The early 1980s was a difficult time for U.S. lumber producers. Finding their domestic market share in decline, they requested restrictions on Canadian lumber imports. Alleging that the Canadian producers were being subsidized, they eventually secured a 15 percent export tax on Canadian lumber in 1986. A long series of trade battles followed against a background of shortages in the U.S. timber supply, changing international markets, and the establishment of the North American Free Trade Agreement and the World Trade Organization. Canada and the United States are the world's largest trading partners, but, as Zhang demonstrates, it is a relationship in which domestic pressure groups, different institutional structures within each government, and differences in the relative economic power of each country remain extremely important determinants of foreign policy. The fact that the softwood lumber dispute has taken so long to resolve-and the prospect that the 2006 agreement has the potential to be undone by continuing litigation and trade friction-raise important questions about international relations in a world that is supposedly moving toward free trade.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mining, Forest Management, and Bonneville Power Administration
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mining, Forest Management, and Bonneville Power Administration Publisher : Unknown Page : 324 pages File Size : 40,6 Mb Release : 1985 Category : Canada ISBN : UCR:31210009868959
Effects of Lumber Imports from Canada on U.S. Forest Management and the Timber Industry by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mining, Forest Management, and Bonneville Power Administration Pdf
Softwood Lumber Imports from Canada by Congressional Research Service Pdf
Softwood lumber imports from Canada have been a persistent concern for Congress for decades. Canada is an important trading partner for the United States, but lumber production is a significant industry in many states. U.S. lumber producers claim they are at an unfair competitive disadvantage in the domestic market against Canadian lumber producers because of Canada's timber pricing policies. This has resulted in five major disputes (so-called lumber wars) between the United States and Canada since the 1980s. The current dispute (Lumber V) started when the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement (SLA) expired on October 12, 2015. Under that agreement, Canadian softwood lumber shipped to the United States was subject to export charges and quota limitations when the price of U.S. softwood products fell below a certain level. After a year-long grace period, a coalition of U.S. lumber producers filed trade remedy petitions on November 25, 2016, which claim that Canadian firms dump lumber in the U.S. market and that Canadian provincial forestry policies subsidize Canadian lumber production. These petitions subsequently were accepted by the two agencies that administer the trade remedy process: the International Trade Commission (ITC) and the International Trade Administration (ITA). In a preliminary determination on April 24, 2017, the ITA determined that the Canadian industry was subsidized and then imposed preliminary countervailing duties upward of 20% on Canadian lumber. Final determinations are due by September. Tension between the United States and Canada over the softwood lumber trade has been persistent and may be inevitable. Both countries have extensive forest resources, but they have quite different population levels and development pressures. Vast stretches of Canada are still largely undeveloped, whereas relatively fewer areas in the United States (outside Alaska) remain undeveloped. These differences have contributed to different forest management policies. For decades, U.S. lumber producers have argued that they have been injured by subsidies given to their Canadian competitors in the form of lost market share and lost revenue. In the United States, the majority of the timberlands are privately owned; private markets dominate the allocation and pricing of timber, although federally owned forests are regionally significant. In Canada, forests are largely owned by the provincial governments and leased to private firms. The provinces establish the price of timber through a stumpage fee, a per unit volume fee charged for the right to harvest trees. U.S. lumber producers argue that the stumpage fees charged by the Canadian provinces are subsidized, or priced at less than their market value, providing an unfair competitive advantage in supplying the U.S. lumber market. The Canadian provinces and lumber producers dispute the subsidy allegations. Directly comparing Canadian and U.S. lumber prices is difficult and often inconclusive, however, due to major differences in tree species, sizes, and grades; measurement systems; requirements for harvesters; environmental protection; and other factors. The softwood lumber trade between the United States and Canada is of interest to Congress due to the controversy between Canadian and U.S. lumber producers and the larger implications it might have on trade between the two countries. The potential renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) may provide Congress an opportunity to weigh in on this issue, given its constitutional authority over trade policy, as well as authority granted under the 2015 Trade Promotion Authority (TPA). Congress may consider legislation or conduct oversight on these issues.
An Analysis of the Impact of Changes in Provincial and International Softwood Lumber Supply and Trade Flows on British Columbia by Gregg Delcourt,Canada-British Columbia Partnership Agreement on Forest Resource Development: FRDA II. Pdf
Canada-United States Trade in Forest Products by Russell S. Uhler Pdf
This book illuminates the major economic and political factors that have led to the development of a particular pattern of trade in forest products, and it examines and compares the legal structures within which this trade takes place. Standard economic and political methods of analysis are used to study the history of this trade, including such recent developments as the Free Trade Agreement. Several of the chapters focus on two recent trade disputes involving Canadian exports of shakes and shingles and of softwood lumber to the United States. These disputes are instructive for understanding not only the politics of trade but also important economic issues such as the measurement and impact of timber subsidies. In addition, the authors consider the factors affecting foreign market share, and the burden of tariffs and export taxes.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Regulation, Business Opportunities, and Energy
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Regulation, Business Opportunities, and Energy Publisher : Unknown Page : 206 pages File Size : 48,9 Mb Release : 1991 Category : Collective labor agreements ISBN : STANFORD:36105110730996
1986 United States-Canada Memorandum of Understanding on Softwood Lumber by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Regulation, Business Opportunities, and Energy Pdf
International Trade in Forest Products by G. Cornelis van Kooten,Linda Voss Pdf
Because of the long-standing Canada-U.S. lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and facilitate readers in easily constructing their own models to analyse policy questions that they wish to address, whether in forestry or some other sector. Examples in the book are meant to illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one nation on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world. This book will appeal to practising economists and researchers who wish to examine various policies that affect international trade, whether their interest is local or international in scope. Because the book provides the theoretical bases underlying various models, students and practitioners will find this a valuable reference book or supplementary textbook.
Agreement Between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America Amending the Softwood Lumber Agreement Between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America Done at Ottawa on 12 September 2006 by Canada Pdf
U. S. and Canadian Governments Have Established Mechanisms to Monitor Compliance with the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement But Face Operational Challenges by United States Government Accountability Office Pdf
U.S. and Canadian Governments Have Established Mechanisms to Monitor Compliance with the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement but Face Operational Challenges
