Academic Freedom And The Japanese Imperial University 1868 1939

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Academic Freedom and the Japanese Imperial University, 1868-1939

Byron K. Marshall
Academic Freedom and the Japanese Imperial University 1868 1939 Book PDF

Author : Byron K. Marshall
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2023-09-01
Category : History
ISBN : 0520912535

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Academic Freedom and the Japanese Imperial University, 1868-1939 by Byron K. Marshall Pdf

Byron K. Marshall offers here a dramatic study of the changing nature and limits of academic freedom in prewar Japan, from the Meiji Restoration to the eve of World War II. Meiji leaders founded Tokyo Imperial University in the late nineteenth century to provide their new government with necessary technical and theoretical knowledge. An academic elite, armed with Western learning, gradually emerged and wielded significant influence throughout the state. When some faculty members criticized the conduct of the Russo-Japanese War the government threatened dismissals. The faculty and administration banded together, forcing the government to back down. By 1939, however, this solidarity had eroded. The conventional explanation for this erosion has been the lack of a tradition of autonomy among prewar Japanese universities. Marshall argues instead that these later purges resulted from the university's 40-year fixation on institutional autonomy at the expense of academic freedom. Marshall's finely nuanced analysis is complemented by extensive use of quantitative, biographical, and archival sources.

Academic Freedom and the Japanese Imperial University, 1868-1939

Byron K. Marshall
Academic Freedom and the Japanese Imperial University 1868 1939 Book PDF

Author : Byron K. Marshall
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-09-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520912533

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Academic Freedom and the Japanese Imperial University, 1868-1939 by Byron K. Marshall Pdf

Byron K. Marshall offers here a dramatic study of the changing nature and limits of academic freedom in prewar Japan, from the Meiji Restoration to the eve of World War II. Meiji leaders founded Tokyo Imperial University in the late nineteenth century to provide their new government with necessary technical and theoretical knowledge. An academic elite, armed with Western learning, gradually emerged and wielded significant influence throughout the state. When some faculty members criticized the conduct of the Russo-Japanese War the government threatened dismissals. The faculty and administration banded together, forcing the government to back down. By 1939, however, this solidarity had eroded. The conventional explanation for this erosion has been the lack of a tradition of autonomy among prewar Japanese universities. Marshall argues instead that these later purges resulted from the university's 40-year fixation on institutional autonomy at the expense of academic freedom. Marshall's finely nuanced analysis is complemented by extensive use of quantitative, biographical, and archival sources.

Japan Occupied

Ruriko Kumano
Japan Occupied Book PDF

Author : Ruriko Kumano
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2023-01-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789811985829

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Japan Occupied by Ruriko Kumano Pdf

This book documents Japan's psychological deterioration caused by its defeat in August 1945. Also, Japan’s traumatic transformation from authoritarianism to democracy is detailed. The study exposes an ideological war between the Soviet Union and the USA within American-occupied Japan, which triggered violent polarization among the Japanese. Under General MacArthur’s tutorage, the defeated Japanese were expected to become a peace-loving people, but the Cold War derailed Japan’s progress toward freedom and democracy. The “Red Purge,” instituted by MacArthur's Headquarters (GHQ) from 1949 to 1950, triggered the devastating side effects on Japan's academic freedom and freedom of speech. Stanford University Professor Dr. Walter C. Eells (1886–1962) served at the GHQ as an influential education adviser and became the most vocal advocate of the Red Purge. Japanese Marxist historians have constructed the popular postwar narrative of the Red Purge, blaming the GHQ for every failure. The vast archival materials, including the GHQ papers, Eells papers, and Japanese-language documents, revealed that the Red Purge was a serious propaganda battle between the Americans and the Soviets in a war-torn Japan. This propaganda war engendered the violently polarized political climate, in which the conservative Japanese government behaved according to the dictates of US Cold War policy. By revealing feverish tensions within the GHQ regarding communist influences in Japanese universities, this study sheds bright new light on the Red Purge and its lasting impact on Japan's political future.

Yanihara Tadao and Japanese Colonial Policy

Susan C Townsend
Yanihara Tadao and Japanese Colonial Policy Book PDF

Author : Susan C Townsend
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2015-01-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136836848

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Yanihara Tadao and Japanese Colonial Policy by Susan C Townsend Pdf

The first comprehensive analysis of the colonial writings of Yanaihara Tadao whose extensive commentary on Japanese and European colonial policy is remarkable not only for its scholarly integrity but also for its sheer breadth.

A History of the University in Europe: Volume 3, Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800-1945)

Walter Rüegg
A History of the University in Europe Volume 3 Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries 1800 1945 Book PDF

Author : Walter Rüegg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 774 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2006-11-06
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780511227028

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A History of the University in Europe: Volume 3, Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800-1945) by Walter Rüegg Pdf

The story of the modern research university in Europe and its expansion to other continents, first published in 2004.

Engineering War and Peace in Modern Japan, 1868–1964

Takashi Nishiyama
Engineering War and Peace in Modern Japan 1868 1964 Book PDF

Author : Takashi Nishiyama
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2014-04-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781421412665

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Engineering War and Peace in Modern Japan, 1868–1964 by Takashi Nishiyama Pdf

The role of engineering communities in taking Japan from a defeated war machine into a peacetime technology leader. Naval, aeronautic, and mechanical engineers played a powerful part in the military buildup of Japan in the early and mid-twentieth century. They belonged to a militaristic regime and embraced the importance of their role in it. Takashi Nishiyama examines the impact of war and peace on technological transformation during the twentieth century. He is the first to study the paradoxical and transformative power of Japan’s defeat in World War II through the lens of engineering. Nishiyama asks: How did authorities select and prepare young men to be engineers? How did Japan develop curricula adequate to the task (and from whom did the country borrow)? Under what conditions? What did the engineers think of the planes they built to support Kamikaze suicide missions? But his study ultimately concerns the remarkable transition these trained engineers made after total defeat in 1945. How could the engineers of war machines so quickly turn to peaceful construction projects such as designing the equipment necessary to manufacture consumer products? Most important, they developed new high-speed rail services, including the Shinkansen Bullet Train. What does this change tell us not only about Japan at war and then in peacetime but also about the malleability of engineering cultures? Nishiyama aims to counterbalance prevalent Eurocentric/Americentric views in the history of technology. Engineering War and Peace in Modern Japan, 1868–1964 sets the historical experience of one country’s technological transformation in a larger international framework by studying sources in six different languages: Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese, and Spanish. The result is a fascinating read for those interested in technology, East Asia, and international studies. Nishiyama's work offers lessons to policymakers interested in how a country can recover successfully after defeat.

American Missionaries, Christian Oyatoi, and Japan, 1859-73

Hamish Ion
American Missionaries Christian Oyatoi and Japan 1859 73 Book PDF

Author : Hamish Ion
Publisher : UBC Press
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2010-07-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780774858991

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American Missionaries, Christian Oyatoi, and Japan, 1859-73 by Hamish Ion Pdf

Japan closed its doors to foreigners for over two hundred years because of religious and political instability caused by Christianity. By 1859, foreign residents were once again living in treaty ports in Japan, but edicts banning Christianity remained enforced until 1873. Drawing on an impressive array of English and Japanese sources, Ion investigates a crucial era in the history of Japanese-American relations the formation of Protestant missions. He reveals that the transmission of values and beliefs was not a simple matter of acceptance or rejection: missionaries and Christian laymen persisted in the face of open hostility and served as important liaisons between East and West.

Tosaka Jun

Ken C. Kawashima,Fabian Schafer,Robert Stolz
Tosaka Jun Book PDF

Author : Ken C. Kawashima,Fabian Schafer,Robert Stolz
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-31
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781942242680

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Tosaka Jun by Ken C. Kawashima,Fabian Schafer,Robert Stolz Pdf

Tosaka Jun (1900–1945) was one of modern Japan's most unique and important critics of capitalism, the emperor system, imperialism, and everyday life in wartime Japan. This collection of translations contains some of Tosaka's most important essays and original articles on Tosaka.

An Imperial Path to Modernity

Jung-Sun N. Han
An Imperial Path to Modernity Book PDF

Author : Jung-Sun N. Han
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2020-03-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781684175222

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An Imperial Path to Modernity by Jung-Sun N. Han Pdf

An Imperial Path to Modernity examines the role of liberal intellectuals in reshaping transnational ideas and internationalist aspirations into national values and imperial ambitions in early twentieth-century Japan. Perceiving the relationship between liberalism and the international world order, a cohort of Japanese thinkers conformed to liberal ideas and institutions to direct Japan’s transformation into a liberal empire in Asia. To sustain and rationalize the imperial enterprise, these Japanese liberals sought to make the domestic political stage less hostile to liberalism. Facilitating the creation of print-mediated public opinion, liberal intellectuals attempted to enlist the new middle class as a social ally in circulating liberal ideas and practices within Japan and throughout the empire. In tracing the interconnections between liberalism and the imperial project, Jung-Sun N. Han focuses on the ideas and activities of Yoshino Sakuzo (1878–1933), who was and is remembered as a champion of prewar Japanese liberalism and Taisho democracy. Drawing insights from intellectual history, cultural studies, and international relations, this study argues that prewar Japanese liberalism grew out of the efforts of intellectuals such as Yoshino who worked to devise a transnational institution to govern the Japanese empire.

Concepts of Philosophy in Asia and the Islamic World

Raji C. Steineck,Ralph Weber,Robert Gassmann,Elena Lange
Concepts of Philosophy in Asia and the Islamic World Book PDF

Author : Raji C. Steineck,Ralph Weber,Robert Gassmann,Elena Lange
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 760 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789004360112

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Concepts of Philosophy in Asia and the Islamic World by Raji C. Steineck,Ralph Weber,Robert Gassmann,Elena Lange Pdf

Concepts of Philosophy challenges received conceptions of philosophy by way of critical engagement with Chinese and Japanese sources. Built on philologically sound readings of specific texts, the book lifts the discussion on the concept of philosophy to a global plane.

Miki Kiyoshi, 1897-1945

Susan C. Townsend
Miki Kiyoshi 1897 1945 Book PDF

Author : Susan C. Townsend
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789004175822

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Miki Kiyoshi, 1897-1945 by Susan C. Townsend Pdf

This book takes us on a fascinating journey through the world of thought of Miki Kiyoshi, one of Japan s pre-eminent philosophers before the Pacific War, and thus makes us discover the man behind the philosopher. His collaboration with government think-tanks in the late 1930s has made him highly controversial in historiographical debates. His death in prison, six weeks after Japan's defeat, hastened the lifting of pre-war restrictions on civil rights in Japan. He was a prolific, diverse and original thinker, revered by the Japanese as a plain-speaking, deeply humanistic philosopher who connected with the real lives of the people. As a translator, editor and journalist he intoduced many works of western European literature and philosophy into Japan.

War and Conscience in Japan

Shigeru Nanbara
War and Conscience in Japan Book PDF

Author : Shigeru Nanbara
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780742568136

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War and Conscience in Japan by Shigeru Nanbara Pdf

One of Japan's most important intellectuals, Nambara Shigeru defended Tokyo Imperial University against its rightist critics and opposed Japan's war. His poetic diary (1936-1945), published only after the war, documents his profound disaffection. In 1945 Nambara became president of Tokyo University and was an eloquent and ardent spokesman for academic freedom. Among his most impressive speeches are two memorials to fallen student-soldiers, which directly confront Nambara's wartime dilemma: what and how to advise students called up to fight a war he did not believe in. In this first English-language collection of his key work, historian and translator Richard H. Minear introduces Nambara's career and thinking before presenting translations of the most important of Nambara's essays, poems, and speeches. A courageous but lonely voice of conscience, Nambara is one of the few mid-century Japanese to whom we can turn for inspiration during that dark period in world history.

Area Bibliography of Japan

Ria Koopmans-de Bruijn
Area Bibliography of Japan Book PDF

Author : Ria Koopmans-de Bruijn
Publisher : Scarecrow Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : History
ISBN : 0810833743

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Area Bibliography of Japan by Ria Koopmans-de Bruijn Pdf

Provides a general overview of literature relating to Japan and covers a broad range of subject matter, from art, feminism, and linguistics, to corporate culture, history, and medicine. Includes books published since 1980 that are related to the geographical area of Japan and to Japanese culture within that area.

Justice in Japan

Richard H. Mitchell
Justice in Japan Book PDF

Author : Richard H. Mitchell
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2002-03-31
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780824863203

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Justice in Japan by Richard H. Mitchell Pdf

The Imperial Rayon Company corruption scandal (popularly known as the Teijin incident) was Japan's major interwar political bribery case. Compared to numerous Japanese corruption cases of the past century, the Teijin affair stands out as not only the most sensational of the pre-1945 era, but also the most important--perhaps because more than any other case, it has left an indelible mark on the public mind. Nevertheless, Japanese and foreign scholars have neglected this incident, which brought down an entire cabinet and produced a record-setting trial. The sixteen defendants, all prominent bureaucrats, ministers, and businessmen, were charged with illegally profiting from the sale of Imperial Rayon Company stock held by the Bank of Japan. In December 1937, after a more than two-year trial, all sixteen were found innocent when the judges declared that the case had been fabricated by the prosecution. Their verdict ranks in importance with the famous Otsu case judgment, the benchmark for judicial independence from the executive. Despite its importance, basic facts about the Teijin case remain obscure, as scholars repeat factual misinformation and produce farfetched conspiracy theories. This study, the first comprehensive, scholarly work on the subject in English or Japanese, investigates controversial and important issues regarding the origins, results, and significance of the incident. It illustrates transwar continuities within the judicial system by showing that the institutional flaws in the old criminal justice system, which were magnified by the Teijin investigation and trial, remain embedded despite reform attempts during the Occupation. While illuminating the basic institutional features that generated it, the author uses the incident to spotlight the considerable amount of political criticism and public conflict that existed in Japan in the 1930s.

Imperial-Way Zen

Christopher Ives
Imperial Way Zen Book PDF

Author : Christopher Ives
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2009-07-08
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780824862961

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Imperial-Way Zen by Christopher Ives Pdf

During the first half of the twentieth century, Zen Buddhist leaders contributed actively to Japanese imperialism, giving rise to what has been termed "Imperial-Way Zen" (Kodo Zen). Its foremost critic was priest, professor, and activist Ichikawa Hakugen (1902–1986), who spent the decades following Japan’s surrender almost single-handedly chronicling Zen’s support of Japan’s imperialist regime and pressing the issue of Buddhist war responsibility. Ichikawa focused his critique on the Zen approach to religious liberation, the political ramifications of Buddhist metaphysical constructs, the traditional collaboration between Buddhism and governments in East Asia, the philosophical system of Nishida Kitaro (1876–1945), and the vestiges of State Shinto in postwar Japan. Despite the importance of Ichikawa’s writings, this volume is the first by any scholar to outline his critique. In addition to detailing the actions and ideology of Imperial-Way Zen and Ichikawa’s ripostes to them, Christopher Ives offers his own reflections on Buddhist ethics in light of the phenomenon. He devotes chapters to outlining Buddhist nationalism from the 1868 Meiji Restoration to 1945 and summarizing Ichikawa’s arguments about the causes of Imperial-Way Zen. After assessing Brian Victoria’s claim that Imperial-Way Zen was caused by the traditional connection between Zen and the samurai, Ives presents his own argument that Imperial-Way Zen can best be understood as a modern instance of Buddhism’s traditional role as protector of the realm. Turning to postwar Japan, Ives examines the extent to which Zen leaders have reflected on their wartime political stances and started to construct a critical Zen social ethic. Finally, he considers the resources Zen might offer its contemporary leaders as they pursue what they themselves have identified as a pressing task: ensuring that henceforth Zen will avoid becoming embroiled in international adventurism and instead dedicate itself to the promotion of peace and human rights. Lucid and balanced in its methodology and well grounded in textual analysis, Imperial-Way Zen will attract scholars, students, and others interested in Buddhism, ethics, Zen practice, and the cooptation of religion in the service of violence and imperialism.