Access To Markets For Smallholder Farmers In Alto Molócue And Molumbo Mozambique Mid Term Impact Evaluation Of Inovagro Ii

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Access to markets for smallholder farmers in Alto Molócue and Molumbo, Mozambique: Mid-term impact evaluation of INOVAGRO II

Hosaena Ghebru,Jenny Smart,Tewodaj Mogues
Access to markets for smallholder farmers in Alto Mol cue and Molumbo Mozambique Mid term impact evaluation of INOVAGRO II Book PDF

Author : Hosaena Ghebru,Jenny Smart,Tewodaj Mogues
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2019-10-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Access to markets for smallholder farmers in Alto Molócue and Molumbo, Mozambique: Mid-term impact evaluation of INOVAGRO II by Hosaena Ghebru,Jenny Smart,Tewodaj Mogues Pdf

The Innovation for Agribusiness (InovAgro) project, which launched with its first three year phase in 2010, uses a market system development (MSD) approach towards the goal of increasing incomes of men and women small-scale farmers in northern Mozambique. InovAgro interventions promote improved agricultural productivity, participation in selected high-potential value chains and the development of inclusive and sustainable market systems, such that impacts are expected to last long beyond the termination of the project. This paper presents results from a midline quantitative impact evaluation of the second phase of the InovAgro project interventions (2014-2017). In it, we use a carefully designed and executed quasi-experimental study design to credibly attribute changes in market engagement and welfare of participating farmers to exposure to the InovAgro II project, identifying and testing in what respects the intervention was most successful, and what regard it had less impact. Although InovAgro II projects operate in 11 districts of Zambézia and Cabo Delgado provinces, this impact evaluation focuses on two districts in Zambézia province (Alto Molócue and Molumbo), and in terms of value chains, focuses on the soybean and pigeon pea high-potential value chains, while the InovAgro II project interventions focus on these in addition to maize, sesame and groundnut. A baseline survey was undertaken in 2015 covering the 2014/2015 agricultural season and a midline follow-up survey was conducted in 2017, covering the 2016/2017 agricultural season and reaching 1,749 households of the original 1,886 households interviewed in the baseline survey. Using difference-in-difference estimation and propensity score matching, we find that exposure to the InovAgro II project is associated with an increase in the proportion of households selling soybean and pigeon pea by approximately 5% and 16%, respectively (significant at the .01 level). Exposure to the InovAgro II project also results in significantly higher shares of smallholder farmers using improved seed for soybean and pigeon pea (an increase of 6% for soybean and 2% for pigeon pea). We find that the InovAgro II project is also associated with significant increases in access to agricultural output market information from formal sources (5%) and hired labor for farming activities (8%). Despite the significant impacts on short term outcome variables, exposure to the InovAgro II project had limited impact on long term outcome variables, such as on rural-urban migration as well as engagement in the non-farm sector (two proxies for assessing potential welfare implications of the project) however this finding is not surprising given the impact evaluation covers only two years-a short period of time to bring about the long-term impacts expected to eventually emanate from an MSD project.

Access to markets for smallholder farmers in Alto Molócue and Molumbo, Mozambique: Midline survey report of the INOVAGRO II impact evaluation project

Smart, Jenny,Ghebru, Hosaena,Mogues, Tewodaj
Access to markets for smallholder farmers in Alto Mol cue and Molumbo Mozambique Midline survey report of the INOVAGRO II impact evaluation project Book PDF

Author : Smart, Jenny,Ghebru, Hosaena,Mogues, Tewodaj
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Access to markets for smallholder farmers in Alto Molócue and Molumbo, Mozambique: Midline survey report of the INOVAGRO II impact evaluation project by Smart, Jenny,Ghebru, Hosaena,Mogues, Tewodaj Pdf

This report presents the data from a midline data collection effort as part of the impact evaluation of Phase II of the Innovation for Agribusiness (INOVAGRO II) intervention in northern Mozambique. INOVAGRO II is a development program intended to decrease rural poverty by improving the connectedness of farmers to market systems. The midline data were collected during the intervention phase, in two districts in Zambézia province - Alto Molócue and Molumbo - during the months of late October to December of 2017. The questionnaire focused on agricultural production and market access for all crops, and particularly for the INOVAGRO value chain crops - soybean, pigeon pea, and maize. The purpose of the report is to describe the data, focusing on key variables.

Access to markets for smallholder farmers in Alto Molócue and Molumbo, Mozambique

Erman, Alvina,Ghebru, Hosaena,Mogues, Tewodaj
Access to markets for smallholder farmers in Alto Mol cue and Molumbo Mozambique Book PDF

Author : Erman, Alvina,Ghebru, Hosaena,Mogues, Tewodaj
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Access to markets for smallholder farmers in Alto Molócue and Molumbo, Mozambique by Erman, Alvina,Ghebru, Hosaena,Mogues, Tewodaj Pdf

This report presents the data from a baseline data collection effort as part of the impact evaluation of Phase II of the Innovation for Agribusiness (INOVAGRO II) intervention in northern Mozambique. INOVAGRO II is a development program intended to decrease rural poverty by improving the connectedness of farmers to market systems. The baseline data were collected before the intervention began in two districts in Zambezia province – Alto Molócue and Molumbo – during the months of August and September 2015. The questionnaire focused on agricultural production and market access, in particular on the INOVAGRO value chain crops – soybean, pigeon pea, and maize. The purpose of the report is to describe the data, focusing on key variables.

Impacts of the innovation for agribusiness (InovAgro II) project in northern Mozambique

Ghebru, Hosaena,Smart, Jenny
Impacts of the innovation for agribusiness InovAgro II project in northern Mozambique Book PDF

Author : Ghebru, Hosaena,Smart, Jenny
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 5 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Impacts of the innovation for agribusiness (InovAgro II) project in northern Mozambique by Ghebru, Hosaena,Smart, Jenny Pdf

This brief presents descriptive information and prelimi-nary results from an impact evaluation of the second phase of the Innovation for Agribusiness (InovAgro II) project interventions in northern Mozambique. InovAgro II is a development program intended to decrease rural poverty by improving the connectedness of farmers to market systems. The InovAgro project is funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and implemented by Development Alternatives, Inc. (DAI) in partnership with COWI1. The InovAgro project operates in 11 districts—namely Mocuba, Ile, Namarroi, Molumbo, Gurúe and Alto Molócue in Zambézia prov-ince; Malema, Ribáuè and Erati in Nampula province; and Namuno and Chiúre in Cabo Delgado province. In-dependent impact evaluation of the project, funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), is being implemented by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) using primary data coming from two InovAgro-focus districts in Zambézia prov-ince (Alto Molócue and Molumbo) focusing on three of the five targeted value chain crops by the InovAgro project, namely: soybean, pigeon pea and maize.

Impact evaluation of the SHARPE Programme in Ethiopia: Academic report

de Brauw, Alan,Gilligan, Daniel,Leavens, Laura,Moges, Fekadu,Roy, Shalini,Tefera, Mulugeta
Impact evaluation of the SHARPE Programme in Ethiopia Academic report Book PDF

Author : de Brauw, Alan,Gilligan, Daniel,Leavens, Laura,Moges, Fekadu,Roy, Shalini,Tefera, Mulugeta
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 123 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2023-04-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Impact evaluation of the SHARPE Programme in Ethiopia: Academic report by de Brauw, Alan,Gilligan, Daniel,Leavens, Laura,Moges, Fekadu,Roy, Shalini,Tefera, Mulugeta Pdf

The Strengthening Host and Refugee Populations in Ethiopia (SHARPE) programme uses a market systems development approach to promote increased self-reliance and economic opportunities for refugees and host communities through the piloting and scaling of interventions across different sectors. This approach is based upon understanding the economic barriers that refugee and host communities face, and working with key stakeholders – including businesses, government, and service providers - to improve market function for people in these regions. This report focuses on evaluating the impacts of investments SHARPE has made in the financial market system, which have focused on developing markets for digital financial services in refugee hosting areas. A highlight of the evaluation are two co-developed randomized control trials, designed to help SHARPE and its partners overcome constraints found while implementing the programme. The report finds evidence that robust markets for digital financial services are emerging in refugee hosting areas near Jijiga and are a little farther behind in Dollo Ado. Enrolment in the mobile money product, HelloCash, has been quite robust, though lower among women and refugees. HelloCash users are more likely to report financial inclusion (beyond inclusion through Hello Cash); they are 8.8 percentage points more likely to report being self-employed; they are 6.1 percentage points more likely to report typically having enough income; and they appear less food insecure than non-users. To try to enrol more women and refugees and catalyse HelloCash use among those groups, we conducted two randomized trials, one which allowed high volume customers to refer customers and receive a small bonus for doing so, and one which provided inactive customers with small incentives to start using the system. The former trial led to increased enrolment, but the share of women and refugees enrolling did not change; the latter led to increased use among women, but not refugees. We conclude with some ideas about further experiments to catalyse more use among refugees.

Innovation for Agribusiness (InovAgro): Household- and market-level impacts of value chain interventions

Amare, Mulubrhan,Zavale, Helder,Smart, Jenny,Ghebru, Hosaena
Innovation for Agribusiness InovAgro Household and market level impacts of value chain interventions Book PDF

Author : Amare, Mulubrhan,Zavale, Helder,Smart, Jenny,Ghebru, Hosaena
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2022-10-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Innovation for Agribusiness (InovAgro): Household- and market-level impacts of value chain interventions by Amare, Mulubrhan,Zavale, Helder,Smart, Jenny,Ghebru, Hosaena Pdf

Agriculture, in Mozambique, is characterized by production systems that are based predominantly on rainfed conditions and on low use of yield enhancing agricultural inputs. The Innovation for Agribusiness (InovAgro) interventions were designed to increase incomes for poor smallholder farmers in northern Mozambique. Using a market systems development (MSD) approach, the InovAgro implemented value chain interventions (VCIs) to promote the development of inclusive and sustainable market systems such that the interventions impacts were felt long beyond the project’s lifespan. This study evaluated the impact of the InovAgro VCIs on households (considering a range of outcomes related to farmers’ use of yield-enhancing agricultural inputs, access to information on agricultural input and output markets, maize productivity, women and youth empowerment, and household welfare. The study also explored InovAgro VCIs outcome indicators to evaluate market-level effects, namely: systemic (long-term), sustainability, large-scale (spillover or multiplier), and unintended (positive or negative) effects. We conducted a modified randomized controlled trial (RCT) using a spatial identification strategy to classify beneficiary and nonbeneficiary households; this was supplemented with three waves of household-level panel data (2015, 2017 and 2019). We also complemented key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with local stakeholders, including market actors and local authorities, with two rounds of geospatial data (2017 and 2019). Our findings show that InovAgro VCIs had a positive and significant impact on beneficiaries’ use of yield-boosting agricultural inputs and on access to information on agricultural input and output markets. Our analysis also reveals that the InovAgro VCIs boosted maize productivity and increased the marketable surplus of maize among beneficiaries. InovAgro VCIs were seen to have unintended negative effects on access to, and control over, land by women and youth in the short term; in the longer term; however, these adverse effects were reversed and became positive and significant. Our findings also show that simultaneous exposure to all three VCIs under the complete package had a positive impact on overall household welfare. We also find evidence in support of the InovAgro VCIs having a systemic market effect and producing more sustainable long-term usage of yield-boosting agricultural practices than non-InovAgro VCIs. Our results elucidate that InovAgro VCIs benefitted large numbers of smallholder farmers beyond the project’s direct sphere of influence and targeted beneficiaries. The key takeaway message from our findings is that a more intense VCI, that is, delivery of the complete package, appears to be necessary to achieve a long-term positive effect on overall household welfare.

The impact of market system development approaches: The case of InovAgro in Mozambique

Amare, Mulubrhan,Zavale, Helder,Smart, Jenny,Ghebru, Hosaena
The impact of market system development approaches The case of InovAgro in Mozambique Book PDF

Author : Amare, Mulubrhan,Zavale, Helder,Smart, Jenny,Ghebru, Hosaena
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2022-10-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The impact of market system development approaches: The case of InovAgro in Mozambique by Amare, Mulubrhan,Zavale, Helder,Smart, Jenny,Ghebru, Hosaena Pdf

Achieving sustainable agricultural productivity growth in sub-Saharan Africa remains a major development challenge (Abdul and Abdulai 2022; Magruder 2018).1 Low agricultural productivity in African countries is often attributed to lack of innovation, low adoption of yield-enhancing farm technologies, or both (Walker and Alwang 2015; Anderson and Feder 2004). Several studies show that the challenges to achieving sustainable and higher agricultural productivity arise mainly from market imperfections and frictions affecting the distribution of and access to new technologies and their adoption (Abdul and Abdulai 2022; Magruder 2018; Ragasa and Mazunda 2018; Duflo et al. 2008). In Mozambique, as in many African countries, the majority of rural households are subsistence-oriented and have relatively low levels of both agricultural productivity and market participation (Boughton et al. 2006; Benfica and Tschirley 2012; Benfica et al. 2014). To address these challenges, the Innovation for Agribusiness (InovAgro) project used a market systems development (MSD) approach. InovAgro is funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and implemented by Development Alternatives (DAI Europe, Ltd.) in partnership with COWI Mozambique.

Public Expenditures for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa

Tewodaj Mogues,Samuel Benin
Public Expenditures for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa Book PDF

Author : Tewodaj Mogues,Samuel Benin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-03-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136445408

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Public Expenditures for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa by Tewodaj Mogues,Samuel Benin Pdf

Whereas there is plenty of work looking at macroeconomic effect of public spending on growth and poverty in Africa as well as studies of the impact of spending or investment in one economic sector on outcomes in that sector or on broader welfare measures, this book fills a much needed gap in the research looking how the composition of public spending affects key development outcomes in the region. The book brings together recent analysis on the trends in, and returns to, public spending for agricultural growth and rural development in Africa. Case studies of selected African countries provide insights on the contributions of different types of public expenditures for poverty, growth and welfare outcomes, as well as insights into the constraints in gaining development mileage from investments in the agricultural sector.

Institutional arrangements to make public spending responsive to the poor—(where) have they worked?

Mogues, Tewodaj,Erman, Alvina
Institutional arrangements to make public spending responsive to the poor where have they worked Book PDF

Author : Mogues, Tewodaj,Erman, Alvina
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Institutional arrangements to make public spending responsive to the poor—(where) have they worked? by Mogues, Tewodaj,Erman, Alvina Pdf

There has been some recognition in the development community that building technical capacity of public service providers and increasing resources is not enough to bring about development outcomes. Researchers and practitioners are increasingly appreciating that accounting for the stated needs of communities supports the process of pro-poor public resource allocation. We examine four institutional arrangements that explicitly endeavor to make public spending responsive to the needs of the poor by moving decision-making procedures closer to the population—participatory budgeting, community-driven development (CDD) programs, decentralization, and delegated targeting of transfers. Using the existing literature, we compare experiences across the four arrangements and countries. Regarding responsiveness to needs of the poor, evidence is cautiously optimistic for participatory budgeting, CDD, and decentralization. As for delegating the targeting of transfers to subnational authorities and communities, evidence suggests that the effect may be regressive. However, there are important mediating effects of public spending responsiveness under the various institutional arrangements. Local elite capture is a key factor dampening pro-poor spending where either exogenous circumstances such as prevailing inequality, or inadequate program design, enable capture to materialize. Politics is an important determinant of the success of these arrangements.

The Bang for the Birr

Tewodaj Mogues,Gezahegn Ayele,Zelekawork Paulos
The Bang for the Birr Book PDF

Author : Tewodaj Mogues,Gezahegn Ayele,Zelekawork Paulos
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896291690

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The Bang for the Birr by Tewodaj Mogues,Gezahegn Ayele,Zelekawork Paulos Pdf

For more than a decade, Ethiopia's government has tried to foster economic growth through agricultural development. Given the public expenditures required to achieve this goal and the limited resources available, policymakers need information on how to most effectively allocate those resources. This report provides that information by examining the relative impact that different types of spending have on rural household welfare. The results are surprising: while agricultural productivity plays a critical role in rural welfare, public spending on agriculture does not have as important an effect on productivity as would be expected. The authors find that expenditure in roads is far more effective in improving rural welfare, although its impact can vary across different regions. Public spending on education has more moderate returns than investments in road infrastructure, but these returns are still larger than those from agricultural spending, as well as being more spread out across regions than those from road infrastructure. Through such findings, the report provides policymakers, analysts, and others in the development arena with a guide to shaping future policies and a basis for additional research.

Well Spent

Mr.Gerd Schwartz,Ms.Manal Fouad,Mr.Torben S Hansen,Ms.Genevieve Verdier
Well Spent Book PDF

Author : Mr.Gerd Schwartz,Ms.Manal Fouad,Mr.Torben S Hansen,Ms.Genevieve Verdier
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513511818

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Well Spent by Mr.Gerd Schwartz,Ms.Manal Fouad,Mr.Torben S Hansen,Ms.Genevieve Verdier Pdf

Drawing on the Fund’s analytical and capacity development work, including Public Investment Management Assessments (PIMAs) carried out in more than 60 countries, the new book Well Spent: How Strong Infrastructure Governance Can End Waste in Public Investment will address how countries can attain quality infrastructure outcomes through better infrastructure governance—an issue becoming increasingly important in the context of the Great Lockdown and its economic consequences. It covers critical issues such as infrastructure investment and Sustainable Development Goals, controlling corruption, managing fiscal risks, integrating planning and budgeting, and identifying best practices in project appraisal and selection. It also covers emerging areas in infrastructure governance, such as maintaining and managing public infrastructure assets and building resilience against climate change.

Gender and Governance in Rural Services

The World Bank,International Food Policy Research Institute
Gender and Governance in Rural Services Book PDF

Author : The World Bank,International Food Policy Research Institute
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0821381563

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Gender and Governance in Rural Services by The World Bank,International Food Policy Research Institute Pdf

'Gender and Governance in Rural Services' provides policy-relevant knowledge on strategies to improve agricultural and rural service delivery with a focus on providing more equitable access to these services, especially for women. It focuses India, Ethiopia, and Ghana, and focuses on two public services: agricultural extension, as an example of an agricultural service, and on drinking water, as an example of rural service that is not directly related to agriculture but is of high relevance for rural women. It provides empirical microlevel evidence on how different accountability mechanisms for agricultural advisory services and drinking water provision work in practice, and analyzes factors that influence the suitability of different governance reform strategies that aim at making service provision more gender responsive. It presents major findings from the quantitative and qualitative research conducted under the project in the three countries, which are analyzed in a qualitative way to identify major patterns of accountability routes in agricultural and rural service provision and to assess their gender dimension. The book is intended for use by a wide audience interested in agricultural and rural service provision, including researchers, members of the public administration, policy makers, and staff from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international development agencies who are involved in the design and management of reform efforts, projects, and programs dealing with rural service provision.

Agricultural Research in Africa

Lynam, John,Beintema, Nienke M.,Roseboom, Johannes,Badiane, Ousmane
Agricultural Research in Africa Book PDF

Author : Lynam, John,Beintema, Nienke M.,Roseboom, Johannes,Badiane, Ousmane
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896292123

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Agricultural Research in Africa by Lynam, John,Beintema, Nienke M.,Roseboom, Johannes,Badiane, Ousmane Pdf

This book—prepared by Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI), which is led by IFPRI—offers a comprehensive perspective on the evolution, current status, and future goals of agricultural research and development in Africa, including analyses of the complex underlying issues and challenges involved, as well as insights into how they might be overcome. Agriculture in Africa south of the Sahara is at a prospective tipping point. Growth has accelerated in the past decade, but is unsustainable given increasing use of finite resources. The yield gap in African agriculture is significant, and scenarios on feeding the world’s population into the future highlight the need for Africa to expand its agricultural production. Agricultural Research in Africa: Investing in Future Harvests discusses the need to shift to a growth path based on increased productivity—as in the rest of the developing world— which is essential if Africa is to increase rural incomes and compete in both domestic and international markets. Such a shift ultimately requires building on evolving improvements that collectively translate to deepening rural innovation capacity.

Social Protection for the Poor and Poorest

A. Barrientos,D. Hulme
Social Protection for the Poor and Poorest Book PDF

Author : A. Barrientos,D. Hulme
Publisher : Springer
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2016-01-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780230583092

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Social Protection for the Poor and Poorest by A. Barrientos,D. Hulme Pdf

Social protection is fast becoming an important theme in development policy. This book examines the political processes shaping social protection policies; compares the key conceptual frameworks available for analyzing social protection; and provides a comparative discussion on social protection policies focused on the poor and the poorest.

Agricultural public expenditures, sector performance, and welfare in Nigeria: A state-level analysis

Mavrotas, George,Mogues, Tewodaj,Oyeyemi, Motunrayo,Smart, Jenny,Xiong, Zhe
Agricultural public expenditures sector performance and welfare in Nigeria A state level analysis Book PDF

Author : Mavrotas, George,Mogues, Tewodaj,Oyeyemi, Motunrayo,Smart, Jenny,Xiong, Zhe
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 23 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agricultural public expenditures, sector performance, and welfare in Nigeria: A state-level analysis by Mavrotas, George,Mogues, Tewodaj,Oyeyemi, Motunrayo,Smart, Jenny,Xiong, Zhe Pdf

Building on the work of earlier studies that looked at trends in and returns to federal public expenditures on agriculture in Nigeria, this paper explores spending patterns at the sub-national state level over a nine-year period, as well as trends in agricultural and economic performance and indicators of household welfare. Our examination focuses on two groupings of states – the full 37 state units of Nigeria (the 36 states, plus the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja); and the seven states that are the focus in Nigeria of the Global Food Security Strategy (GFSS) of the United States Agency for International Development. Sub-national agricultural spending as a share of aggregate agricultural spending in Nigeria is large, given the stronger role for sub-national governments in agriculture than is the case in other sectors. However, we find that the share of state-level expenditures on agriculture as a share of aggregate state-level expenditures is still relatively low, an average of 3.86 percent over the period 2007 to 2015. While the prioritization of agriculture spending varies greatly year by year, the variation over time does not have a discernible long-run upwards or downwards trend. We also find that agricultural expenditures are more capital intensive than are overall public expenditures at state level, but that capital expenditures as a share of total agriculture spending has decline over the last decade, as is the case overall in Nigeria’s industrial sectors. We conclude that efforts to strengthen state-level agricultural spending in Nigeria merits greater attention, while putting in place measures to ensure improved effectiveness in any such spending.