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Author : D. G. Blair
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2012-02-16
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780521874298
Introduces the technology and reviews the experimental issues; a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in physics and astrophysics.
Author : David G. Blair,L Ju,C Zhao,E J Howell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2014-05-14
Category : NATURE
ISBN : 1139233513
Introduces the technology and reviews the experimental issues; a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in physics and astrophysics.
Author : Massimo Bassan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 387 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319037929
The search for gravitational radiation with optical interferometers is gaining momentum worldwide. Beside the VIRGO and GEO gravitational wave observatories in Europe and the two LIGOs in the United States, which have operated successfully during the past decade, further observatories are being completed (KAGRA in Japan) or planned (ILIGO in India). The sensitivity of the current observatories, although spectacular, has not allowed direct discovery of gravitational waves. The advanced detectors (Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo) at present in the development phase will improve sensitivity by a factor of 10, probing the universe up to 200 Mpc for signal from inspiraling binary compact stars. This book covers all experimental aspects of the search for gravitational radiation with optical interferometers. Every facet of the technological development underlying the evolution of advanced interferometers is thoroughly described, from configuration to optics and coatings and from thermal compensation to suspensions and controls. All key ingredients of an advanced detector are covered, including the solutions implemented in first-generation detectors, their limitations, and how to overcome them. Each issue is addressed with special reference to the solution adopted for Advanced VIRGO but constant attention is also paid to other strategies, in particular those chosen for Advanced LIGO.
Author : Grote Hartmut
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 808 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2019-03-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789813146099
The detection of gravitational waves in 2015 has been hailed a scientific breakthrough and one of the most significant scientific discoveries of the 21st century. Gravitational-wave physics and astronomy are emerging as a new frontier in understanding the universe.Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-Wave Detectors brings together many of the world's top experts to deliver an authoritative and in-depth treatment on current and future detectors. Volume I is devoted to the essentials of gravitational-wave detectors, presenting the physical principles behind large-scale precision interferometry, the physics of the underlying noise sources that limit interferometer sensitivity, and an explanation of the key enabling technologies that are used in the detectors. Volume II provides an in-depth look at the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo interferometers, as well as examining future interferometric detector concepts. This two-volume set will provide students and researchers the comprehensive background needed to understand gravitational-wave detectors.
Author : David H. Reitze,Peter R. Saulson,Hartmut Grote
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Gravitational waves
ISBN : 9813146109
Author : David H. Reitze,Peter R. Saulson,Hartmut Grote
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1154093230
Author : Peter R Saulson
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1994-10-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814501903
Gravitational waves were predicted by Einstein over 75 years ago, but have not yet been seen. This book is about the technology of the new generation of interferometric gravitational wave detectors now being built, such as the LIGO (Laser Interferometric Gravitational-Wave Observatory) project in the US. The book aims to make plain how these detectors function, and why it is reasonable to think that gravitational waves may be successfully detected in the next decade. After an introduction to the physical and astronomical aspects of gravitational waves, the book concentrates on explaining the basic principles behind the detectors and discusses the strategies for utilising them. All the required background in astronomy, optics and experimental physics techniques is developed within the text, and anyone with an undergraduate knowledge of physics will be able to follow the arguments presented. The book will be of use not just to physicists and astronomers who wish to acquaint themselves with the subject, but will also prove useful for courses in experimental physics at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels. Contents:The Search for Gravitational WavesThe Nature of Gravitational WavesSources of Gravitational WavesLinear Systems, Signals and NoiseOptical Readout NoiseFolded Interferometer ArmsThermal NoiseSeismic Noise and Vibration IsolationDesign Features of Large InterferometersNull InstrumentsFeedback Control SystemsAn Interferometer as an Active Null InstrumentResonant Mass Gravitational Wave DetectorsDetecting Gravitational Wave SignalsGravitational Wave AstronomyProspectsReferencesIndexes Readership: Physicists and astronomers. keywords:Gravitation;Gravity;Gravitational Wave;Gravity Wave;Interferometer;Experimental Physics;Astrophysics;Instrument;Noise;Feedback “… the subject of this book, provide the greatest hope and interest for gravitational wave astronomy … Saulson has dealt with this highly specialized topic in a way which brilliantly shows the unity of physics: all the main conclusions, in particular the instrumental problems, are worked out from first principles, so that any mature physicist will be able to understand, to critically judge, and to enjoy the methods needed to reach the extraordinary accuracies one wants.” Classical & Quantum Gravity “To my knowledge, no one publication has previously attempted to pull all the basic ideas together at the fundamental level in a manner accessible and relevant to newcomers and experts alike … I can think of no better introduction to the subject than to read this book.” Contemporary Physics
Author : David H. Reitze,Peter R. Saulson,Hartmut Grote
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Gravitational waves
ISBN : 9813146117
Author : Julia Casanueva Diaz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319960142
This book focuses on the development and implementation of the longitudinal, angular and frequency controls of the Advanced Virgo detector, both from the simulation and experimental point of view, which contributed to Virgo reaching a sensitivity that enabled it to join the LIGO-Virgo O2 run in August 2017. This data taking was very successful, with the first direct detection of a binary black hole merger (GW170814) using the full network of three interferometers, and the first detection and localization of a binary neutron star merger (GW170817). The second generation of gravitational wave detector, Advanced Virgo, is capable of detecting differential displacements of the order of 10–21m. This means that it is highly sensitive to any disturbance, including the seismic movement of the Earth. For this reason an active control is necessary to keep the detector in place with sufficient accuracy.
Author : Hartmut Grote
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 808 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : SCIENCE
ISBN : 9813146087
Author : Sheon S. Y. Chua
Publisher : Springer
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2015-05-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319176864
The work in this thesis was a part of the experiment of squeezed light injection into the LIGO interferometer. The work first discusses the detailed design of the squeezed light source which would be used for the experiment. The specific design is the doubly-resonant, traveling-wave bow-tie cavity squeezed light source with a new modified coherent sideband locking technique. The thesis describes the properties affecting the squeezing magnitudes and offers solutions which improve the gain. The first part also includes the detailed modeling of the back-scattering noise of a traveling Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO). In the second part, the thesis discusses the LIGO Squeezed Light Injection Experiment, undertaken to test squeezed light injection into a 4km interferometric gravitational wave detector. The results show the first ever measurement of squeezing enhancement in a full-scale suspended gravitational wave interferometer with Fabry-Perot arms. Further, it showed that the presence of a squeezed-light source added no additional noise in the low frequency band. The result was the best sensitivity achieved by any gravitational wave detector. The thesis is very well organized with the adequate theoretical background including basics of Quantum Optics, Quantum noise pertaining to gravitational wave detectors in various configurations, along with extensive referencing necessary for the experimental set-up. For any non-experimental scientist, this introduction is a very useful and enjoyable reading. The author is the winner of the 2013 GWIC Theses Prize.
Author : Auger Gerard,Plagnol Eric
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-02-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789813141773
This book describes detection techniques used to search for and analyze gravitational waves (GW). It covers the whole domain of GW science, starting from the theory and ending with the experimental techniques (both present and future) used to detect them. The theoretical sections of the book address the theory of general relativity and of GW, followed by the theory of GW detection. The various sources of GW are described as well as the methods used to analyse them and to extract their physical parameters. It includes an analysis of the consequences of GW observations in terms of astrophysics as well as a description of the different detectors that exist and that are planned for the future. With the recent announcement of GW detection and the first results from LISA Pathfinder, this book will allow non-specialists to understand the present status of the field and the future of gravitational wave science.
Author : Janna Levin
Publisher : Anchor
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2016-03-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780307958204
The authoritative story of the headline-making discovery of gravitational waves—by an eminent theoretical astrophysicist and award-winning writer. From the author of How the Universe Got Its Spots and A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines, the epic story of the scientific campaign to record the soundtrack of our universe. Black holes are dark. That is their essence. When black holes collide, they will do so unilluminated. Yet the black hole collision is an event more powerful than any since the origin of the universe. The profusion of energy will emanate as waves in the shape of spacetime: gravitational waves. No telescope will ever record the event; instead, the only evidence would be the sound of spacetime ringing. In 1916, Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves, his top priority after he proposed his theory of curved spacetime. One century later, we are recording the first sounds from space, the soundtrack to accompany astronomy’s silent movie. In Black Hole Blues and Other Songs from Outer Space, Janna Levin recounts the fascinating story of the obsessions, the aspirations, and the trials of the scientists who embarked on an arduous, fifty-year endeavor to capture these elusive waves. An experimental ambition that began as an amusing thought experiment, a mad idea, became the object of fixation for the original architects—Rai Weiss, Kip Thorne, and Ron Drever. Striving to make the ambition a reality, the original three gradually accumulated an international team of hundreds. As this book was written, two massive instruments of remarkably delicate sensitivity were brought to advanced capability. As the book draws to a close, five decades after the experimental ambition began, the team races to intercept a wisp of a sound with two colossal machines, hoping to succeed in time for the centenary of Einstein’s most radical idea. Janna Levin’s absorbing account of the surprises, disappointments, achievements, and risks in this unfolding story offers a portrait of modern science that is unlike anything we’ve seen before.
Author : Lutz Winkelmann
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783736941182
One approach to detect gravitational waves, which have been postulated by Albert Einstein in his General Theory of Relativity, is based on interferometric measurements of length variations with a large-scale Michelson interferometer. The detection range of these ground-based observatories is currently limited to approx. 15 Megaparsec (Mpc) because of a reduced sensitivity at detection frequencies of 10 Hz – 10 kHz by shot noise. These limitations can be overcome by an output power increase of the detector’s light source, which will enhance the sensitivity by an order of magnitude. Thus, the possibility of detecting a gravitational wave will be raised by a factor of 1000 and the detection range will be increased to 150 Mpc, accordingly. In this work a laser systems is presented, which fulfills the free-running laser requirements on stability and beam quality required by the next generation of gravitational wave detectors for the first time. The developed laser system is based on a two-stage concept, supplemented with an active amplitude and frequency stabilization, which is not part of this work. A 35 W Nd:YVO4 amplifier system with an emission wavelength of 1064 nm represents the frequency reference of the laser system and is used as the seed for an injection-locked high power oscillator. This amplifier, which is based on a Master Oscillator Power Amplifier scheme, is already used in today’s gravitational wave detectors and has been proven to be reliable in long-term operation. The linearly polarized output power of more than 200 W is generated inside the oscillator stage, which consists of four Nd:YAG crystals arranged in an asymmetric ring resonator configuration. To compensate for losses due to thermal birefringence inside the longitudinally pumped laser crystals, an imaging depolarization compensation is used. To optimize the output power of the high power oscillator a numerical model was used to calculate the resonator properties. The results derived from this model combined with experimental data are the basis for the dimensions and mechanical design of the final oscillator setup. For the injection-locking of the two laser sources, the resonator length of the high power oscillator has to be adapted and actively stabilized to be resonant with the incident seed frequency. Changes in temperature of the mechanical components result in length variations which will negatively affect the coupling of both laser systems. To compensate for this thermally induced elongation, various mechanical models have been qualitatively studied and an adequate solution consisting of a combination of adapted materials and active cooling was chosen. Furthermore, an additional slow actuator was included into the laser control, which compensates for room temperature and pressure variation induced distortions. With the developed laser system a constant single-frequency output power of 220 W with more than 165 W in the fundamental mode was obtained. Furthermore, it was possible to fulfill the LIGO VIRGO Scientific Collaboration (LVC) free-running laser requirements for their next generation of gravitational wave detectors (advanced LIGO) in cooperation with the Max-Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Hannover. Thus, the installation of the presented laser system in the world largest terrestrial gravitational wave observatories started in spring 2011.
Author : David G. Blair
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2005-10-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521021022
This book introduces the concepts of gravitational waves within the context of general relativity. The sources of gravitational radiation for which there is direct observational evidence and those of a more speculative nature are described. He then gives a general introduction to the methods of detection. In the subsequent chapters he has drawn together the leading scientists in the field to give a comprehensive practical and theoretical account of the physics and technology of gravitational wave detection.
