Affirmative Action Around The World

Author : Thomas Sowell
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780300128352

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Affirmative Action Around the World by Thomas Sowell Pdf

The Constitution of Empire offers a constitutional and historical survey of American territorial expansion from the founding era to the present day. The authors describe the Constitution's design for territorial acquisition and governance and examine the ways in which practice over the past two hundred years has diverged from that original vision. Noting that most of America's territorial acquisitions - including the Louisiana Purchase, the Alaska Purchase, and the territory acquired after the Mexican-American and Spanish-American Wars - resulted from treaties, the authors elaborate a Jeffersonian-based theory of the federal treaty power and assess American territorial acquisitions from this perspective. They find that at least one American acquisition of territory and many of the basic institutions of territorial governance have no constitutional foundation, and they explore the often strange paths that constitutional law has travelled to permit such deviations from the Constitution's original meaning.

Author : Thomas Sowell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0300101996

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Affirmative Action Around the World by Thomas Sowell Pdf

An eminent authority presents a new perspective on affirmative action in a provocative book that will stir fresh debate about this vitally important issue.

Author : Ockert Dupper,Kamala Sankaran
Publisher : AFRICAN SUN MeDIA
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2014-12-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781920689469

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Affirmative Action by Ockert Dupper,Kamala Sankaran Pdf

Affirmative Action: A View from the Global South provides insight into a range of aspects of the affirmative action policies in seven countries from Africa, Asia, South America and the Middle East. In addition to these national perspectives, important theoretical concepts and international developments on affirmative action are explored.

Author : Laura Dudley Jenkins,Michele S. Moses
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2014-04-04
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781317748458

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Affirmative Action Matters by Laura Dudley Jenkins,Michele S. Moses Pdf

Affirmative Action Matters focuses specifically on affirmative action policies in higher education admissions, the sphere that has been the most controversial in many of the nations that have such policies. It brings together distinguished scholars from diverse nations to examine and discuss the historical, political and philosophical contexts of affirmative action and clarify policy developments to further the meaningful equality of educational opportunity. This unique volume includes both well established and emerging policies from the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia, policies which developed under a variety of political systems and target a range of underrepresented groups, based on race, ethnicity, gender, class, social background, or region. Accessible and thought provoking case studies of affirmative action demonstrate that such policies are expanding to different countries and target populations. While some countries, such as India, have affirmative action policies that predate those in the United States, affirmative action is a recent development in countries such as Brazil and France. Legal or political pressures to move away from explicitly race-based policies in several countries have complicated affirmative action and make this assessment of international alternatives particularly timely. New or newly modified policies target a variety of disadvantaged groups, based on geography, class, or caste, in addition to race or sex. International scholars in six countries spanning five continents offer insights into their own countries’ experiences to examine the implications of policy shifts from race toward other categories of disadvantage, to consider best practices in student admission policies, and to assess the future of affirmative action.

Author : Edmund Terence Gomez,Ralph Premdas
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-11-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136157189

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Affirmative Action, Ethnicity and Conflict by Edmund Terence Gomez,Ralph Premdas Pdf

In recent years a number of countries have introduced affirmative action programmes in order to put right historical injustices and economic inequalities involving ethnic communities. This book examines affirmative action programmes in a range of countries around the world. It discusses how such programmes came about and how they have been implemented, and examines their effectiveness. Throughout it explores how far affirmative action programmes reinforce ethnic identities and thereby contribute to division and conflict. The countries covered are India, the United States, South Africa, Northern Ireland, Brazil, Malaysia and Fiji.

Author : Elaine Kennedy-Dubourdieu
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-03-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351907033

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Race and Inequality by Elaine Kennedy-Dubourdieu Pdf

How do societies achieve cohesion in countries where the population is formed of different racial and ethnic groups? Although the debate continues, one constant is the agreement on the need for equality for all citizens of such societies. These egalitarian principles are believed by many to underpin a stable and just society. The question then arises of how best to achieve this equality? This book looks at the policy of affirmative action as it has evolved in different parts of the world: Australia, Canada, Great Britain, India, Northern Ireland, South Africa and the United States. The detailed juxtaposition of country case-studies allows readers to make comparisons and highlight disparities. Although affirmative action has operated in favour of various segments of the population, this book concentrates on the policy with regard to racial/ethnic groups. It explores the origin of the concept: where and how the policy emerged and what form it has taken, in order to open up the debate on this highly sensitive area of social policy.

Author : George Gerapetritis
Publisher : Springer
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2015-08-03
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783319223957

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Affirmative Action Policies and Judicial Review Worldwide by George Gerapetritis Pdf

This book discusses affirmative action or positive discrimination, defined as measures awarding privileges to certain groups that have historically suffered discrimination or have been underrepresented in specific social sectors. The book’s underlying rationale is that one cannot place at the same starting point people who have been treated differently in the past because in this way one merely perpetuates a state of difference and, in turn, social gaps are exaggerated and social cohesion is endangered. Starting out with an introduction on the meaning and typology of affirmative action policies, the book goes on to emphasise the interaction of affirmative action with traditional values of liberal state, such as equality, meritocracy, democracy, justice, liberalism and socialism. It reveals the affirmative action goals from a legal and sociological point of view, examining the remedial, cultural, societal, pedagogical and economy purposes of such action. After applying an institutional narrative of the implementation of affirmative action worldwide, the book explains the jurisprudence on the issue through syntheses and antitheses of structural and material variables, such as the institutional recognition of the policies, the domains of their implementation and their beneficiaries. The book eventually makes an analytical impact assessment following the implementation of affirmative action plans and the judicial response, especially in relation to the conventional human rights doctrine, by establishing a liaison between affirmative action and social and group rights.. The book applies a multi-disciplinary and comparative methodology in order to assess the ethical standing of affirmative action policies, the public interests involved and their effectiveness towards actual equality. In the light of the above analysis, the monograph explains the arguments considering affirmative action as a theology for substantive equality and the arguments treating this policy as anathema for liberalism. A universal discussion currently at its peak.

Author : James Sterba
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2011-01-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780801457609

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Affirmative Action for the Future by James Sterba Pdf

At a time when private and public institutions of higher education are reassessing their admissions policies in light of new economic conditions, Affirmative Action for the Future is a clarion call for the need to keep the door of opportunity open. In 2003, U.S. Supreme Court's Grutter and Gratz decisions vindicated the University of Michigan Law School's affirmative action program while striking down the particular affirmative action program used for undergraduates at the university. In 2006 and 2008, state referendums banned affirmative action in some states while upholding it in others. Taking these developments into account, James P. Sterba draws on his vast experience as a champion of affirmative action to mount a new moral and legal defense of the practice as a useful tool for social reform. Sterba documents the level of racial and sexual discrimination that still exists in the United States and then, arguing that diversity is a public good, he calls for expansion of the reach of affirmative action as a mechanism for encouraging true diversity. In his view, we must include in our understanding of affirmative action the need to favor those who come from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, regardless of race and sex. Elite colleges and universities could best facilitate opportunities for students from working-class and poor families, in Sterba's view, by cutting back on legacy and athletic preferences that overwhelmingly benefit wealthy white applicants.

Author : Julio Faúndez,International Labour Office
Publisher : International Labour Organization
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Affirmative action programs
ISBN : 9221087581

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Affirmative Action by Julio Faúndez,International Labour Office Pdf

C. Goals and timetables

Author : Sam Ominyi Egwu
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Affirmative action programs
ISBN : 9781565306

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Affirmative Action Strategies by Sam Ominyi Egwu Pdf

Author : Melvin I. Urofsky
Publisher : Pantheon
Page : 593 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-01-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781101870884

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The Affirmative Action Puzzle by Melvin I. Urofsky Pdf

A rich, multifaceted history of affirmative action from the Civil Rights Act of 1866 through today’s tumultuous times From acclaimed legal historian, author of a biography of Louis Brandeis (“Remarkable” —Anthony Lewis, The New York Review of Books, “Definitive”—Jeffrey Rosen, The New Republic) and Dissent and the Supreme Court (“Riveting”—Dahlia Lithwick, The New York Times Book Review), a history of affirmative action from its beginning with the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to the first use of the term in 1935 with the enactment of the National Labor Relations Act (the Wagner Act) to 1961 and John F. Kennedy’s Executive Order 10925, mandating that federal contractors take “affirmative action” to ensure that there be no discrimination by “race, creed, color, or national origin” down to today’s American society. Melvin Urofsky explores affirmative action in relation to sex, gender, and education and shows that nearly every public university in the country has at one time or another instituted some form of affirmative action plan--some successful, others not. Urofsky traces the evolution of affirmative action through labor and the struggle for racial equality, writing of World War I and the exodus that began when some six mil­lion African Americans moved northward between 1910 and 1960, one of the greatest internal migrations in the country’s history. He describes how Harry Truman, after becoming president in 1945, fought for Roosevelt’s Fair Employment Practice Act and, surprising everyone, appointed a distinguished panel to serve as the President’s Commission on Civil Rights, as well as appointing the first black judge on a federal appeals court in 1948 and, by executive order later that year, ordering full racial integration in the armed forces. In this important, ambitious, far-reaching book, Urofsky writes about the affirmative action cases decided by the Supreme Court: cases that either upheld or struck down particular plans that affected both governmental and private entities. We come to fully understand the societal impact of affirmative action: how and why it has helped, and inflamed, people of all walks of life; how it has evolved; and how, and why, it is still needed.

Author : John D. Skrentny
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1996-05-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0226761789

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The Ironies of Affirmative Action by John D. Skrentny Pdf

Affirmative action has been fiercely debated for more than a quarter of a century, producing much partisan literature, but little serious scholarship and almost nothing on its cultural and political origins. The Ironies of Affirmative Action is the first book-length, comprehensive, historical account of the development of affirmative action. Analyzing both the resistance from the Right and the support from the Left, Skrentny brings to light the unique moral culture that has shaped the affirmative action debate, allowing for starkly different policies for different citizens. He also shows, through an analysis of historical documents and court rulings, the complex and intriguing political circumstances which gave rise to these controversial policies. By exploring the mystery of how it took less than five years for a color-blind policy to give way to one that explicitly took race into account, Skrentny uncovers and explains surprising ironies: that affirmative action was largely created by white males and initially championed during the Nixon administration; that many civil rights leaders at first avoided advocacy of racial preferences; and that though originally a political taboo, almost no one resisted affirmative action. With its focus on the historical and cultural context of policy elites, The Ironies of Affirmative Action challenges dominant views of policymaking and politics.

Author : Susan Meyer
Publisher : The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2017-12-15
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781538380154

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Affirmative Action by Susan Meyer Pdf

Affirmative action includes policies and laws meant to give equal footing to minorities after historic discrimination and oppression. Learn about the history of affirmative action from just after the Civil War through important milestones of the civil rights movement and on to today. Enhanced with accessible text and historical photographs, this guide explains affirmative action through its background, key players, and Supreme Court decisions. The debate about affirmative action is covered in a thoughtful, well-rounded, and timely manner since it remains a controversial issue.

Author : James A. Beckman
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 1117 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2014-07-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781440800832

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Controversies in Affirmative Action by James A. Beckman Pdf

An engaging and eclectic collection of essays from leading scholars on the subject, which looks at affirmative action past and present, analyzes its efficacy, its legacy, and its role in the future of the United States. This comprehensive, three-volume set explores the ways the United States has interpreted affirmative action and probes the effects of the policy from the perspectives of economics, law, philosophy, psychology, sociology, political science, and race relations. Expert contributors tackle a host of knotty issues, ranging from the history of affirmative action to the theories underpinning it. They show how affirmative action has been implemented over the years, discuss its legality and constitutionality, and speculate about its future. Volume one traces the origin and evolution of affirmative action. Volume two discusses modern applications and debates, and volume three delves into such areas as international practices and critical race theory. Standalone essays link cause and effect and past and present as they tackle intriguing—and important—questions. When does "affirmative action" become "reverse discrimination"? How many decades are too many for a "temporary" policy to remain in existence? Does race- or gender-based affirmative action violate the equal protection of law guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment? In raising such issues, the work encourages readers to come to their own conclusions about the policy and its future application.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Affirmative action programs
ISBN : OCLC:226664006

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Affirmative Action by Anonim Pdf