African Americans And Rotc

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African Americans and ROTC

Charles Johnson, Jr.
African Americans and ROTC Book PDF

Author : Charles Johnson, Jr.
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2002-05-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0786413247

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African Americans and ROTC by Charles Johnson, Jr. Pdf

This work covers Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) detachments at historically African American colleges and universities throughout the United States from the inception of the Student Army Training Corps to the advanced programs currently in place. The armistices following World War I allowed for ROTC programs to be set up, World War II saw a push for recruits, and American participation in Vietnam made use of black soldiers more than ever. Despite African American participation in the military in war and peace, it took nearly 60 years for black collegiate education institutions (around 1973) to fulfill their need for Army, Navy and Air Force ROTC programs producing commissioned officers. The book discusses the beginnings of the ROTC programs at African American colleges with the Student Army Training Corps and the establishment, expansion and reorganization of the programs that followed. The acquisition of Air Force and Navy ROTC programs are discussed and all the revisions to the various programs thereafter, including opening them up to women.

Segregated Soldiers

Marcus S. Cox
Segregated Soldiers Book PDF

Author : Marcus S. Cox
Publisher : LSU Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780807151778

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Segregated Soldiers by Marcus S. Cox Pdf

In Segregated Soldiers, Marcus S. Cox investigates military training programs at historically black colleges and universities, and demonstrates their importance to the struggle for civil rights. Examining African Americans' attitudes toward service in the armed forces, Cox focuses on the ways in which black higher education and Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) programs worked together to advance full citizenship rights for African Americans. Educators at black colleges supported military training as early as the late nineteenth century in hopes of improving the social, economic, and political state of black citizens. Their attitudes reflected the long-held belief of many African Americans who viewed military service as a path to equal rights. Cox begins his narrative in the decades following the Civil War, when the movement to educate blacks became an essential element in the effort to offer equality to all African Americans. ROTC training emerged as a fundamental component of black higher education, as African American educators encouraged military activities to promote discipline, upright behavior, and patriotism. These virtues, they believed, would hasten African Americans' quest for civil rights and social progress. Using Southern University -- one of the largest African American institutions of higher learning during the post--World War II era -- as a case study, Cox shows how blacks' interest in military training and service continued to rise steadily throughout the 1950s. Even in the 1960s and early 1970s, despite the growing unpopularity of the Vietnam War, the rise of black nationalism, and an expanding economy that offered African Americans enhanced economic opportunities, support for the military persisted among blacks because many believed that service in the armed forces represented the best way to advance themselves in a society in which racial discrimination flourished. Unlike recent scholarship on historically black colleges and universities, Cox's study moves beyond institutional histories to provide a detailed examination of broader social, political, and economic issues, and demonstrates why military training programs remained a vital part of the schools' missions.

Making Citizen-Soldiers

Michael S. Neiberg
Making Citizen Soldiers Book PDF

Author : Michael S. Neiberg
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2001-09-01
Category : History
ISBN : 0674041380

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Making Citizen-Soldiers by Michael S. Neiberg Pdf

This book examines the Reserve Officers Training Corps program as a distinctively American expression of the social, cultural, and political meanings of military service. Since 1950, ROTC has produced nearly two out of three American active duty officers, yet there has been no comprehensive scholarly look at civilian officer education programs in nearly forty years. While most modern military systems educate and train junior officers at insular academies like West Point, only the United States has relied heavily on the active cooperation of its civilian colleges. Michael Neiberg argues that the creation of officer education programs on civilian campuses emanates from a traditional American belief (which he traces to the colonial period) in the active participation of civilians in military affairs. Although this ideology changed shape through the twentieth century, it never disappeared. During the Cold War military buildup, ROTC came to fill two roles: it provided the military with large numbers of well-educated officers, and it provided the nation with a military comprised of citizen-soldiers. Even during the Vietnam era, officers, university administrators, and most students understood ROTC's dual role. The Vietnam War thus led to reform, not abandonment, of ROTC. Mining diverse sources, including military and university archives, Making Citizen-Soldiers provides an in-depth look at an important, but often overlooked, connection between the civilian and military spheres.

2007-2009 African American Scholarship Guide for Students & Parents

Dante Lee
2007 2009 African American Scholarship Guide for Students Parents Book PDF

Author : Dante Lee
Publisher : Amber Books Publishing
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Education
ISBN : 0976773570

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2007-2009 African American Scholarship Guide for Students & Parents by Dante Lee Pdf

A financial resource guide for high school and college students with over 1,000 listings of scholarships, grants, fellowships, and internships for African American students and students of colour.

The Black Officer Corps

Isaac Hampton
The Black Officer Corps Book PDF

Author : Isaac Hampton
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : History
ISBN : 9780415531894

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The Black Officer Corps by Isaac Hampton Pdf

The U.S. Armed Forces started integrating its services in 1948, and with that push, more African Americans started rising through the ranks to become officers, although the number of black officers has always been much lower than African Americans' total percentage in the military. Astonishingly, the experiences of these unknown reformers have largely gone unexamined and unreported, until now. The Black Officer Corps traces segments of the African American officers' experience from 1946-1973. From generals who served in the Pentagon and Vietnam, to enlisted servicemen and officers' wives, Isaac Hampton has conducted over seventy-five oral history interviews with African American officers. Through their voices, this book illuminates what they dealt with on a day to day basis, including cultural differences, racist attitudes, unfair promotion standards, the civil rights movement, Black Power, and the experience of being in ROTC at Historically Black Colleges. Hampton provides a nuanced study of the people whose service reshaped race relations in the U.S. Armed Forces, ending with how the military attempted to control racism with the creation of the Defense Race Relations Institute of 1971. The Black Officer Corps gives us a much fuller picture of the experience of black officers, and a place to start asking further questions.

Handy African American History Answer Book

Jessie Carney Smith
Handy African American History Answer Book Book PDF

Author : Jessie Carney Smith
Publisher : Visible Ink Press
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2014-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781578594870

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Handy African American History Answer Book by Jessie Carney Smith Pdf

Walking readers through a rich but often overlooked part of American history, this compendium addresses the people, times, and events that influenced and changed African American history. An overview of major biographical figures and history-making events is followed by a deeper look at the development in the arts, entertainment, business, civil rights, music, government, journalism, religion, science, sports, and more. Mimicking the a broad range of the African American experience, showcasing interesting insights and facts, this helpful reference answers a wide variety of questions including What is the significance of the Apollo Theater? What were the effects of the Great Depression on black artists? Who were some of America’s early free black entrepreneurs? What is the historical role of the barbershop in the African American community? and What was Black Wall Street? Blending trivia with historical review in an engaging question-and-answer format, this book is perfect for browsing and is ideal for history buffs, trivia fans, students and teachers and anyone interested in a better and more thorough understanding of history of black Americans.

History of the U.S. Army Cadet Command

Arthur Thomas Coumbe
History of the U S Army Cadet Command Book PDF

Author : Arthur Thomas Coumbe
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Electronic
ISBN : MSU:31293026442743

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History of the U.S. Army Cadet Command by Arthur Thomas Coumbe Pdf

Provides a detailed account of the U.S. Army Cadet Command activities between 1996 and 2006, telling of the Army's expectations of the ROTC program, and providing an analysis of success and challenges of recruitment within the 20th century and beyond.

Blacks in the Military and Beyond

G.L.A. Harris,Evelyn L. Lewis
Blacks in the Military and Beyond Book PDF

Author : G.L.A. Harris,Evelyn L. Lewis
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-07-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781498567862

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Blacks in the Military and Beyond by G.L.A. Harris,Evelyn L. Lewis Pdf

African Americans have long used the military for gaining legitimacy and the ultimate path to citizenship. Blacks in the Military and Beyond chronicles their tumultuous journey from slavery through the present, extending the history to significant factors in determining whether or not serving in the military has indeed advantaged Blacks.

The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military

Geoffrey Jensen
The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military Book PDF

Author : Geoffrey Jensen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317743330

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The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military by Geoffrey Jensen Pdf

The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military provides an important overview of the main themes surrounding race in the American military establishment from the French and Indian War to the present day. By broadly incorporating the latest research on race and ethnicity into the field of military history, the book explores the major advances that have taken place in the past few decades at the intersection of these two fields. The discussion goes beyond the study of battles and generals to look at the other peoples who were involved in American military campaigns and analyzes how African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Chicanos helped shape the course of American History—both at home and on the battlefield. The book also includes coverage of American imperial ambitions and the national response to encountering other peoples in their own countries. The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race in the American Military defines how the history of race and ethnicity impacts military history, over time and comparatively, while encouraging scholarship on specific groups, periods, and places. This important collection presents a comprehensive survey of the current state of the field.

The African American Experience in Vietnam

James E. Westheider
The African American Experience in Vietnam Book PDF

Author : James E. Westheider
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2007-07-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9780742569515

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The African American Experience in Vietnam by James E. Westheider Pdf

In this book James E. Westheider explores the social and professional paradoxes facing African-American soldiers in Vietnam. Service in the military started as a demonstration of the merits of integration as blacks competed with whites on a near equal basis for the first time. Military service, especially service in Vietnam, helped shape modern black culture and fostered a sense of black solidarity in the Armed Forces. But as the war progressed, racial violence became a major problem for the Armed Forces as they failed to keep pace with the sweeping changes in civilian society. Despite the boasts of the Department of Defense, personal and institutional racism remained endemic to the system. Westheider tells this story expertly and accessibly by providing the history and background of African American participation in the U.S. Armed Forces then following all the way through to the experience of African Americans returning home from the Vietnam war.

Encyclopedia of Military Science

G. Kurt Piehler
Encyclopedia of Military Science Book PDF

Author : G. Kurt Piehler
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 1921 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013-07-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9781452276328

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Encyclopedia of Military Science by G. Kurt Piehler Pdf

The Encyclopedia of Military Science provides a comprehensive, ready-reference on the organization, traditions, training, purpose, and functions of today’s military. Entries in this four-volume work include coverage of the duties, responsibilities, and authority of military personnel and an understanding of strategies and tactics of the modern military and how they interface with political, social, legal, economic, and technological factors. A large component is devoted to issues of leadership, group dynamics, motivation, problem-solving, and decision making in the military context. Finally, this work also covers recent American military history since the end of the Cold War with a special emphasis on peacekeeping and peacemaking operations, the First Persian Gulf War, the events surrounding 9/11, and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and how the military has been changing in relation to these events. Click here to read an article on The Daily Beast by Encyclopedia editor G. Kurt Piehler, "Why Don't We Build Statues For Our War Heroes Anymore?"

African Americans at War [2 volumes]

Jonathan Sutherland
African Americans at War 2 volumes Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Sutherland
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 844 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2003-12-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781851093717

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African Americans at War [2 volumes] by Jonathan Sutherland Pdf

A fascinating chronicle of the endeavors of African Americans who fought for their country: this book recounts their stories, their bravery, and their contributions. African Americans at War puts a human face on this neglected area of history. From pre-Revolutionary fighting against the French to cutting-edge combat against Saddam Hussein, these A–Z volumes underscore significant military contributions from African Americans. The two volumes provide comprehensive coverage of aspects including important historical figures; key battles, legislation, and rulings; honors awarded; regiments, formations, and squadrons; and significant places. Individuals portrayed include celebrated Revolutionary hero Crispus Attucks and Lieutenant Vernon J. Baker, who led his platoon in a near suicidal attack on German positions in 1945. Often marginalized in support functions and frequently given suicidal missions, African Americans have served with distinction and honor in all U.S. conflicts. Their stories, endeavors, and bravery are now chronicled in one accessible resource. This set investigates each war, the interwar years, integration periods, and acceptance of African American men and women on the military team. This is a fascinating compendium spanning all U.S. history.

African Americans in the Armed Forces

Tamra B. Orr
African Americans in the Armed Forces Book PDF

Author : Tamra B. Orr
Publisher : Greenhaven Publishing LLC
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-12-15
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781534568518

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African Americans in the Armed Forces by Tamra B. Orr Pdf

African Americans have fought in every major U.S. war, but even as they fought to defend their country, they also had to battle against prejudice simply because of the color of their skin. From the Buffalo Soldiers and Tuskegee Airmen of the past to today's soldiers and officers, African Americans have helped protect a country that has often failed to protect their civil rights. The bravery of these men and women is presented through detailed main text and sidebars that feature annotated quotes. Historical and contemporary images accompany the narrative and a comprehensive timeline of African American military milestones.

Women and Minorities in American Professions

Joyce Tang,Earl Smith
Women and Minorities in American Professions Book PDF

Author : Joyce Tang,Earl Smith
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1996-10-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1438421842

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Women and Minorities in American Professions by Joyce Tang,Earl Smith Pdf

By asking how and with what measure of success, women and minorities fare in comparison to whites in American professions, this book provides original, up-to-date analyses of the fame and fortune of newcomers in professional fields. Each chapter examines gender and/or racial differences in patterns of segregation and discrimination, career paths, and labor market outcomes in particular professions from a comparative, historical perspective. In so doing, the experiences of educated women and minorities are linked to the broader field of sociology of occupations and professions. Women and Minorities in American Professions unravels complexities in the process of career advancement in white-collar professions and offers comprehensive and interdisciplinary coverage of career achievements and issues for women and minority professionals, including theories of inequality, analyses of the impact of demographic shifts, deindustrialization, and policy changes.

Encyclopedia of the Social and Cultural Foundations of Education

Eugene F. Provenzo, Jr.
Encyclopedia of the Social and Cultural Foundations of Education Book PDF

Author : Eugene F. Provenzo, Jr.
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 1393 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2008-10-29
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781452265971

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Encyclopedia of the Social and Cultural Foundations of Education by Eugene F. Provenzo, Jr. Pdf

More than any other field in education, the social and cultural foundations of education reflect many of the conflicts, tensions, and forces in American society. This is hardly surprising, since the area focuses on issues such as race, gender, socioeconomic class, the impact of technology on learning, what it means to be educated, and the role of teaching and learning in a societal context. The Encyclopedia of the Social and Cultural Foundations of Education provides a comprehensive introduction to the social and cultural foundations of education. With more than 400 entries, the three volumes of this indispensable resource offer a thorough and interdisciplinary view of the field for all those interested in issues involving schools and society. Key Features · Provides an interdisciplinary perspective from areas such as comparative education, educational anthropology, educational sociology, the history of education, and the philosophy of education · Presents essays on major movements in the field, including the Free School and Visual Instruction movements · Includes more than 130 biographical entries on important men and women in education · Offers interpretations of legal material including Brown v. Board of Education(1954) and the GI Bill of Rights · Explores theoretical debates fundamental to the field such as religion in the public school curriculum, rights of students and teachers, surveillance in schools, tracking and detracking, and many more · Contains a visual history of American education with nearly 350 images and an accompanying narrative Key Themes · Arts, Media, and Technology · Curriculum · Economic Issues · Equality and Social Stratification · Evaluation, Testing, and Research Methods · History of Education · Law and Public Policy · Literacy · Multiculturalism and Special Populations · Organizations, Schools, and Institutions · Religion and Social Values · School Governance · Sexuality and Gender · Teachers · Theories, Models, and Philosophical Perspectives · A Visual History of American Education