African Cherokees In Indian Territory

Author : Celia E. Naylor
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2009-09-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0807877549

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African Cherokees in Indian Territory by Celia E. Naylor Pdf

Forcibly removed from their homes in the late 1830s, Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, and Chickasaw Indians brought their African-descended slaves with them along the Trail of Tears and resettled in Indian Territory, present-day Oklahoma. Celia E. Naylor vividly charts the experiences of enslaved and free African Cherokees from the Trail of Tears to Oklahoma's entry into the Union in 1907. Carefully extracting the voices of former slaves from interviews and mining a range of sources in Oklahoma, she creates an engaging narrative of the composite lives of African Cherokees. Naylor explores how slaves connected with Indian communities not only through Indian customs--language, clothing, and food--but also through bonds of kinship. Examining this intricate and emotionally charged history, Naylor demonstrates that the "red over black" relationship was no more benign than "white over black." She presents new angles to traditional understandings of slave resistance and counters previous romanticized ideas of slavery in the Cherokee Nation. She also challenges contemporary racial and cultural conceptions of African-descended people in the United States. Naylor reveals how black Cherokee identities evolved reflecting complex notions about race, culture, "blood," kinship, and nationality. Indeed, Cherokee freedpeople's struggle for recognition and equal rights that began in the nineteenth century continues even today in Oklahoma.

Author : Barbara Krauthamer
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : History
ISBN : 9781469607108

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Black Slaves, Indian Masters by Barbara Krauthamer Pdf

Black Slaves, Indian Masters: Slavery, Emancipation, and Citizenship in the Native American South

Author : Katja May
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2016-01-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781136521751

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African Americans and Native Americans in the Cherokee and Creek Nations, 1830s-1920s by Katja May Pdf

Illuminating the historical development of race relations from African American, Cherokee, and Muskeg (Creek) points of views, this book weaves a rich tapestry from oral history accounts, manuscript census schedules, and ethnohistorical literature. The Cherokee and Creek tribes were two of the largest in the Southeast and their forcible removal to Indian Territory affected tens of thousands of Africans and Native Americans This innovative study describes Creek and Cherokee social organization and culture change in the early 19th century, uses oral accounts to examine the impact of Removal on black-Indian relations, and analyzes Creek-black Indian political alliances during the Green Peach War and the anti-allotment Crazy Snake Uprising. Two chapters contain analyses of samples from federal manuscript census schedules of 1900 and 1910, describing demographics, intermarriage patterns, and education The study also links African American and European American immigration to race relations in Creek and Cherokee history between 1880 and 1920, consulting many sources that have not been used before. The comparison between the neighboring Cherokees and Creeks in the Indian Territory shows different approaches to similar problems, documenting culture change that affected the two societies. The census figures at the beginning of the century are analyzed in terms of four population segments: black Indians, including freedmen, and post-1880 black immigrants, so-called fullbloods, and (white-Indian) mixed-bloods. The study shows how these categories became metaphors for political and social outlooks and attitudes about race and native Americans. The book ends with a detailed, comprehensive bibliography containing primary and secondary sources with guides to their locations. (Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley 1994; revised with new preface and index)

Author : Patrick Neal Minges
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2004-06-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135942076

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Slavery in the Cherokee Nation by Patrick Neal Minges Pdf

This work explores the dynamic issues of race and religion within the Cherokee Nation and to look at the role of secret societies in shaping these forces during the nineteenth century.

Author : Tiya Miles
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : History
ISBN : 9780807834183

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The House on Diamond Hill by Tiya Miles Pdf

House on Diamond Hill: A Cherokee Plantation Story

Author : James Brooks
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : African Americans
ISBN : UOM:39015054410652

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Confounding the Color Line by James Brooks Pdf

Examines the origins, history, various manifestations, and long-term consequences of the different connections that have been established between Indians and Blacks

Author : Ty Wilson & Karen Coody Cooper
Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781625859952

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Oklahoma Black Cherokees by Ty Wilson & Karen Coody Cooper Pdf

Over the generations, Cherokee citizens became a conglomerate people. Early in the nineteenth century, tribal leaders adapted their government to mirror the new American model. While accommodating institutional slavery of black people, they abandoned the Cherokee matrilineal clan structure that once determined their citizenship. The 1851 census revealed a total population nearing 18,000, which included 1,844 slaves and 64 free blacks. What it means to be Cherokee has continued to evolve over the past century, yet the histories assembled here by Ty Wilson, Karen Coody Cooper and other contributing authors reveal a meaningful story of identity and survival.

Author : Tiya Miles
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2005-02-11
Category : History
ISBN : 0520241320

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Ties That Bind by Tiya Miles Pdf

In Ties that bind, Tiya Miles explores the interplay of race, power, and intimacy in the nation's early days, providing a full picture of the myriad complexities, ironies, and tensions among African Americans, Native Americans, and whites in the first half of the nineteenth century.--book jacket.

Author : Alaina E. Roberts
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9780812297980

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I've Been Here All the While by Alaina E. Roberts Pdf

Perhaps no other symbol has more resonance in African American history than that of "40 acres and a mule"—the lost promise of Black reparations for slavery after the Civil War. In I've Been Here All the While, we meet the Black people who actually received this mythic 40 acres, the American settlers who coveted this land, and the Native Americans whose holdings it originated from. In nineteenth-century Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma), a story unfolds that ties African American and Native American history tightly together, revealing a western theatre of Civil War and Reconstruction, in which Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Indians, their Black slaves, and African Americans and whites from the eastern United States fought military and rhetorical battles to lay claim to land that had been taken from others. Through chapters that chart cycles of dispossession, land seizure, and settlement in Indian Territory, Alaina E. Roberts draws on archival research and family history to upend the traditional story of Reconstruction. She connects debates about Black freedom and Native American citizenship to westward expansion onto Native land. As Black, white, and Native people constructed ideas of race, belonging, and national identity, this part of the West became, for a short time, the last place where Black people could escape Jim Crow, finding land and exercising political rights, until Oklahoma statehood in 1907.

Author : Randal Hall
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9780812290172

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Race and the Cherokee Nation by Randal Hall Pdf

"We believe by blood only," said a Cherokee resident of Oklahoma, speaking to reporters in 2007 after voting in favor of the Cherokee Nation constitutional amendment limiting its membership. In an election that made headlines around the world, a majority of Cherokee voters chose to eject from their tribe the descendants of the African American freedmen Cherokee Indians had once enslaved. Because of the unique sovereign status of Indian nations in the United States, legal membership in an Indian nation can have real economic benefits. In addition to money, the issues brought forth in this election have racial and cultural roots going back before the Civil War. Race and the Cherokee Nation examines how leaders of the Cherokee Nation fostered a racial ideology through the regulation of interracial marriage. By defining and policing interracial sex, nineteenth-century Cherokee lawmakers preserved political sovereignty, delineated Cherokee identity, and established a social hierarchy. Moreover, Cherokee conceptions of race and what constituted interracial sex differed from those of blacks and whites. Moving beyond the usual black/white dichotomy, historian Fay A. Yarbrough places American Indian voices firmly at the center of the story, as well as contrasting African American conceptions and perspectives on interracial sex with those of Cherokee Indians. For American Indians, nineteenth-century relationships produced offspring that pushed racial and citizenship boundaries. Those boundaries continue to have an impact on the way individuals identify themselves and what legal rights they can claim today.

Author : Kim Cary Warren
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2010-09-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0807899445

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The Quest for Citizenship by Kim Cary Warren Pdf

In The Quest for Citizenship, Kim Cary Warren examines the formation of African American and Native American citizenship, belonging, and identity in the United States by comparing educational experiences in Kansas between 1880 and 1935. Warren focuses her study on Kansas, thought by many to be the quintessential free state, not only because it was home to sizable populations of Indian groups and former slaves, but also because of its unique history of conflict over freedom during the antebellum period. After the Civil War, white reformers opened segregated schools, ultimately reinforcing the very racial hierarchies that they claimed to challenge. To resist the effects of these reformers' actions, African Americans developed strategies that emphasized inclusion and integration, while autonomy and bicultural identities provided the focal point for Native Americans' understanding of what it meant to be an American. Warren argues that these approaches to defining American citizenship served as ideological precursors to the Indian rights and civil rights movements. This comparative history of two nonwhite races provides a revealing analysis of the intersection of education, social control, and resistance, and the formation and meaning of identity for minority groups in America.

Author : Darnella Davis
Publisher : University of New Mexico Press
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780826359803

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Untangling a Red, White, and Black Heritage by Darnella Davis Pdf

Examining the legacy of racial mixing in Indian Territory through the land and lives of two families, one of Cherokee Freedman descent and one of Muscogee Creek heritage, Darnella Davis’s memoir writes a new chapter in the history of racial mixing on the frontier. It is the only book-length account of the intersections between the three races in Indian Territory and Oklahoma written from the perspective of a tribal person and a freedman. The histories of these families, along with the starkly different federal policies that molded their destinies, offer a powerful corrective to the historical narrative. From the Allotment Period to the present, their claims of racial identity and land in Oklahoma reveal inequalities that still fester more than one hundred years later. Davis offers a provocative opportunity to unpack our current racial discourse and ask ourselves, “Who are ‘we’ really?”

Author : Tiya Miles
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : African Americans
ISBN : UOM:39015054447365

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"Bone of My Bone" by Tiya Miles Pdf

Author : Claudio Saunt
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9780393609851

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Unworthy Republic: The Dispossession of Native Americans and the Road to Indian Territory by Claudio Saunt Pdf

Winner of the 2021 Bancroft Prize and the 2021 Ridenhour Book Prize Finalist for the 2020 National Book Award for Nonfiction Named a Top Ten Best Book of 2020 by the Washington Post and Publishers Weekly and a New York Times Critics' Top Book of 2020 A masterful and unsettling history of “Indian Removal,” the forced migration of Native Americans across the Mississippi River in the 1830s and the state-sponsored theft of their lands. In May 1830, the United States launched an unprecedented campaign to expel 80,000 Native Americans from their eastern homelands to territories west of the Mississippi River. In a firestorm of fraud and violence, thousands of Native Americans lost their lives, and thousands more lost their farms and possessions. The operation soon devolved into an unofficial policy of extermination, enabled by US officials, southern planters, and northern speculators. Hailed for its searing insight, Unworthy Republic transforms our understanding of this pivotal period in American history.

Author : Margaret Verble
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019-02-19
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9781328494221

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Cherokee America by Margaret Verble Pdf

From the author of the Pulitzer Prize finalist Maud's Line, an epic novel that follows a web of complex family alliances and culture clashes in the Cherokee Nation during the aftermath of the Civil War, and the unforgettable woman at its center. It's the early spring of 1875 in the Cherokee Nation West. A baby, a black hired hand, a bay horse, a gun, a gold stash, and a preacher have all gone missing. Cherokee America Singer, known as "Check," a wealthy farmer, mother of five boys, and soon-to-be widow, is not amused. In this epic of the American frontier, several plots intertwine around the heroic and resolute Check: her son is caught in a compromising position that results in murder; a neighbor disappears; another man is killed. The tension mounts and the violence escalates as Check's mixed race family, friends, and neighbors come together to protect their community--and painfully expel one of their own. Cherokee America vividly, and often with humor, explores the bonds--of blood and place, of buried histories and half-told tales, of past grief and present injury--that connect a colorful, eclectic cast of characters, anchored by the clever, determined, and unforgettable Check.