Agricultural Mechanization In Nigeria

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Overview of the evolution of agricultural mechanization in Nigeria

Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Lawal, Akeem
Overview of the evolution of agricultural mechanization in Nigeria Book PDF

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Lawal, Akeem
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2018-08-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Overview of the evolution of agricultural mechanization in Nigeria by Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Lawal, Akeem Pdf

Demand for mechanization in Nigeria is growing in a fairly consistent way predicted by economic theories. The farming system has intensified and the use of animal traction has grown at a substantial rate. Demand side factors considerably explain the low adoptions of tractors in Nigeria. Where demand is sufficient for tractors, the private sector has emerged over time as a more efficient provider of hiring services (particularly farmer-tofarmer services) than the public sector. Conditions are consistent with the hypotheses that, because of generally low support for the agricultural sector in Nigeria in the past few decades, agricultural mechanization (tractor use in particular) has remained low despite the declining share of the workforce engaged in the agricultural sector. Agricultural transformation in the form of a declining agricultural labor force has happened partly through the growth in the oil industry since the 1970s. Instead of inducing further exit from farming, tractor adoptions in Nigeria might have helped those who have remained in farming to start expanding their production scale. A knowledge gap, however, still remains regarding the dominance of large tractors and the potential effects of tractor adoptions on smallholders who have yet to adopt them.

Effects of agricultural mechanization on economies of scope in crop production in Nigeria

Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Hatzenbuehler, Patrick L.,Edeh, Hyacinth
Effects of agricultural mechanization on economies of scope in crop production in Nigeria Book PDF

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Hatzenbuehler, Patrick L.,Edeh, Hyacinth
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2018-09-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Effects of agricultural mechanization on economies of scope in crop production in Nigeria by Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Hatzenbuehler, Patrick L.,Edeh, Hyacinth Pdf

Agricultural mechanization has often been characterized by scale-effects and increased specialization. Such characterizations, however, fail to explain how mechanization may grow in Africa where production environments are more heterogeneous and diversification of production may help in mitigating risks from increasingly uncertain climatic conditions. Using panel data from farm households and crop-specific production costs in Nigeria, we estimate how the adoption of animal traction or tractors affects the economies of scope (EOS) between rice, non-rice grains, legume/seed crops, and other crops, which are the crop groups that are most widely grown with animal traction or tractors in Nigeria. The results indicate that the adoption of these mechanization technologies is associated with lower EOS between non-rice grains, legume/seed crops, and other crops, but greater EOS between rice and other crops. An increase in EOS for rice is indicated in both primal and dual analytical approaches. Mechanical technologies may raise EOS between crops that are grown in more heterogeneous environments, even though it may lower EOS between crops that are grown in relatively similar environments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that shows the effects of mechanical technologies on EOS in agriculture in developing countries.

Agricultural Mechanization in Nigeria

A. C. Nwosu
Agricultural Mechanization in Nigeria Book PDF

Author : A. C. Nwosu
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Agricultural systems
ISBN : CORNELL:31924059247118

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Agricultural Mechanization in Nigeria by A. C. Nwosu Pdf

The roles of agroclimatic similarity and returns on scale in the demand for mechanization: Insights from northern Nigeria

Takeshima, Hiroyuki
The roles of agroclimatic similarity and returns on scale in the demand for mechanization Insights from northern Nigeria Book PDF

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 47 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The roles of agroclimatic similarity and returns on scale in the demand for mechanization: Insights from northern Nigeria by Takeshima, Hiroyuki Pdf

Using farm household data from northern Nigeria as well as various spatial agroclimatic data, this study shows that the adoption of key mechanical technologies in Nigerian agriculture (animal traction, tractors, or both) has been high in areas that are more agroclimatically similar to the locations of agricultural research and development (R&D) stations, and this effect is heterogeneous, being particularly strong among relatively larger farms. Furthermore, such effects are likely to have been driven by the rise in returns on scale in the underlying production function caused by the adoption of these mechanical technologies. Agricultural mechanization, represented here as the switch from manual labor to animal traction and tractors, has been not only raising the average return on scale but also potentially magnifying the effects of productivity-enhancing public-sector R&D on spatial variations in agricultural productivity in countries like Nigeria.

Addressing the Challenges Facing Agricultural Mechanization Input Supply and Farm Product Processing

B. G. Sims
Addressing the Challenges Facing Agricultural Mechanization Input Supply and Farm Product Processing Book PDF

Author : B. G. Sims
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9251057842

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Addressing the Challenges Facing Agricultural Mechanization Input Supply and Farm Product Processing by B. G. Sims Pdf

FAO is a global knowledge broker for the agri-food industry, including technologies for production and processing. In particular, the Agro-Industries Programme of FAO is increasingly tending to focus on appropriate input supply, innovation and value chain development. Improvements in these areas have the potential to sustain and improve livelihoods and well-being at whatever scale and in whatever region of the world. Within the World Congress on "Agricultural Engineering for a Better World," as a preparation for the challenges of the twenty-first century, FAO conducted two workshops. The first targeted the subject of "challenges for agricultural mechanization in sub-Saharan Africa," and the second focused on "using technology to add value and increase quality." This report contains the results of the Congress, and encourages both readers and decision-makers to consider the important role of engineering technologies for development and, indeed, for a better world. (Also available in French and Spanish)

Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization: A Framework for Africa

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,African Union
Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization A Framework for Africa Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,African Union
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251308714

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Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization: A Framework for Africa by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,African Union Pdf

This framework presents ten interrelated principles/elements to guide Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization in Africa (SAMA). Further, it presents the technical issues to be considered under SAMA and the options to be analysed at the country and sub regional levels. The ten key elements required in a framework for SAMA are as follows: The analysis in the framework calls for a specific approach, involving learning from other parts of the world where significant transformation of the agricultural mechanization sector has already occurred within a three-to-four decade time frame, and developing policies and programmes to realize Africa’s aspirations of Zero Hunger by 2025. This approach entails the identification and prioritization of relevant and interrelated elements to help countries develop strategies and practical development plans that create synergies in line with their agricultural transformation plans. Given the unique characteristics of each country and the diverse needs of Africa due to the ecological heterogeneity and the wide range of farm sizes, the framework avoids being prescriptive.

An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia? Synopsis

Diao, Xinshen, ed.,Takeshima, Hiroyuki. ed.,Zhang, Xiaobo, ed.
An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development How much can Africa learn from Asia Synopsis Book PDF

Author : Diao, Xinshen, ed.,Takeshima, Hiroyuki. ed.,Zhang, Xiaobo, ed.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 4 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780896293823

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An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia? Synopsis by Diao, Xinshen, ed.,Takeshima, Hiroyuki. ed.,Zhang, Xiaobo, ed. Pdf

Agricultural mechanization in Africa south of the Sahara — especially for small farms and businesses — requires a new paradigm to meet the needs of the continent’s evolving farming systems. Can Asia, with its recent success in adopting mechanization, offer a model for Africa? An Evolving Paradigm of Agricultural Mechanization Development analyzes the experiences of eight Asian and five African countries. The authors explore crucial government roles in boosting and supporting mechanization, from import policies to promotion policies to public good policies. Potential approaches presented to facilitating mechanization in Africa include prioritizing market-led hiring services, eliminating distortions, and developing appropriate technologies for the African context. The role of agricultural mechanization within overall agricultural and rural transformation strategies in Africa is also discussed. The book’s recommendations and insights should be useful to national policymakers and the development community, who can adapt this knowledge to local contexts and use it as a foundation for further research.

Agricultural mechanisation and child labour in developing countries

Vos, Rob,Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Agricultural mechanisation and child labour in developing countries Book PDF

Author : Vos, Rob,Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agricultural mechanisation and child labour in developing countries by Vos, Rob,Takeshima, Hiroyuki Pdf

Child labour in agriculture remains a global concern. Agriculture is the sector where most child labour is found. Employment of children mostly relates to farm household poverty in developing countries. This raises the question of the extent to which the modernisation of agriculture prevents the use of child labour while also leading to higher productivity. One of the central questions in this context is whether agricultural mechanisation helps limit children’s employment. Available studies have put forward opposing hypotheses, but rigorous empirical evidence is scant. The present study aims to fill some of this void by studying the evidence from comparable farm household survey data in seven developing countries, including three in Asia (India, Nepal, and Vietnam) and four in sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania). Various key findings emerge. First, many children are found to engage in productive activities in studied countries. The prevalence is particularly high in African countries, such as in Ethiopia where more than one third of children aged 5-14 years engage in farm or off-farm work. Second, while the prevalence of child labour in agriculture (i.e., when productive engagement is detrimental to schooling and child growth) is much lower (at 10% or less in seven countries), they are still sizable in absolute terms; at least 6 million children in these countries partake in agricultural work at the expense of opportunities in adulthood. Third, agricultural mechanization, reflected in farm household’s use of machinery such as tractors, significantly reduces the likelihood of use of children’s labour and increases school attendance. Fourth, the measured impacts of mechanization are only modest, however, and likely indirect, that is, dependent on the extent to which mechanization helps improve household income and on local conditions (such as quality of rural infrastructure and accessibility of education and other social services). Overall, promotion of agricultural mechanization can help prevent use of child labour. To be truly impactful, however, related support measures should be embedded in broader strategies to enable agricultural productivity growth and improve livelihoods of poor rural households.

Multifarm Use of Agricultural Machinery

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Multifarm Use of Agricultural Machinery Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9251014698

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Multifarm Use of Agricultural Machinery by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

Market imperfections for tractor service provision in Nigeria

Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Market imperfections for tractor service provision in Nigeria Book PDF

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Market imperfections for tractor service provision in Nigeria by Takeshima, Hiroyuki Pdf

In Nigeria, despite the scarcity of tractors, average horsepower and prices of tractors appear high. These patterns are different from the experiences in other parts of the world where initially tractor horsepower was often smaller, such as Asia, or farmers were better endowed with land and wealth, such as Latin America. In Nigeria, joint ownership of tractors is rare, and formal loans are often unavailable due to high transactions costs. IFPRI’s survey in Kaduna and Nasarawa states in 2013 suggested that the spatial mobility of tractors is generally low and the use of tractors is highly seasonal. There do not seem to be plausible explanations for the seeming dominance of large tractor use based on available information on prices and soils. Nevertheless, these patterns seem driven by the own initiative of the private sector rather than by government policies. Indivisibility of large tractors and limited mobility of supplies may cause imperfections in the custom tractor hiring market. In order to distinguish the impacts of technology adoption at the extensive margin from those at the intensive margin, in the empirical analyses for the research presented here we tested these hypotheses focusing on the differences among marginal adopters of tractor hiring services and non-adopters with similar characteristics. The results are three-fold: (1) adoptions patterns of tractor services are partly explained by basic factor endowments, suggesting that the market for custom hiring is in some way functioning efficiently in response to economic conditions; (2) adoptions are, however, affected by supply-side factors, including the presence of large farm households (and thus potential tractor owners) within the district, and (3) per capita household expenditure level differs significantly between the marginal adopters and non-adopters with similar characteristics. This difference seems to arise from adoption per se, rather than the intensity of adoption, which is consistent with the hypothesis of imperfection in the custom tractor hiring market.

Agricultural mechanization and child labour in developing countries

Takeshima, H., Vos, R.
Agricultural mechanization and child labour in developing countries Book PDF

Author : Takeshima, H., Vos, R.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2022-03-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789251357323

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Agricultural mechanization and child labour in developing countries by Takeshima, H., Vos, R. Pdf

The FAO-IFPRI study, focuses on the use of tractors because they are among the most versatile farm mechanization tools and are universal power sources for all other driven implements and equipment in agriculture, with significant potential to replace animal draught power and human power, including children’s muscle power. Tractor use is typically also the first type of machine-powered equipment in use at lower levels of agricultural development, the context where most child labour is found. Mechanization is mostly assumed to reduce child labour, as it is expected to be labour saving in general. Yet, this is not always the case, as it has also been observed that the use of tractors and other machinery could increase children’s engagement in farm activities. This may be the case if, for instance, their use allows farms to cultivate larger areas, or if it leads to shifting chores of work from hired labor to family workers, e.g. for weeding edges of farmland not reachable by machinery. Evidence has been scant thus far, but the few available studies have mostly lent greater support to the hypothesis that mechanization reduces children’s productive engagement. Most available studies have focused on specific cases and based on scant data. The new FAO-IFPRI study provides a rigorous quantitative assessment for seven developing countries in Asia (India, Nepal and Viet Nam) and sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria and Tanzania) based on comparable farm household survey data.